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Arnold Krupat's From the Boarding Schools makes available
previously unheard Apache voices from the Indian boarding schools.
It includes selections from two unpublished autobiographies by Sam
Kenoi and Dan Nicholas, produced in the 1930s with the
anthropologist Morris Opler, as well as material by and about
Vincent Natalish, a contemporary of Kenoi and Nicholas. Natalish
was one of more than one hundred Apaches taken from Fort Marion to
the Carlisle Indian School by its superintendent, Captain Richard
Henry Pratt, in 1887. A considerable number of these students died
at the school, and many who were sent home for illness or poor
health did not recover. Natalish, however, remained at Carlisle and
graduated in 1899. He married, had a son, and lived and worked in
New York. He also actively sought the release of his relatives and
other Apaches held prisoner at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Apache people
have been telling and circulating stories among themselves for
generations. But in contrast to their neighbors the Hopis and the
Navajos, Apaches have produced relatively few written
autobiographical narratives, and even fewer about their boarding
school experiences. Supplementing the narratives with detailed
cultural and historical commentary, From the Boarding Schools
brings these lived experiences from the archives into current
discourse.
Arnold Krupat, one of the most original and respected critics
working in Native American studies today, offers a clear and
compelling set of reasons why red-Native American culture, history,
and literature-should matter to Americans more than it has to date.
Although there exists a growing body of criticism demonstrating the
importance of Native American literature in its own right and in
relation to other ethnic and minority literatures, Native materials
still have not been accorded the full attention they require.
Krupat argues that it is simply not possible to understand the
ethical and intellectual heritage of the West without engaging
America's treatment of its indigenous peoples and their
extraordinary and resilient responses. Criticism of Native
literature in its current development, Krupat suggests, operates
from one of three critical perspectives against colonialism that he
calls nationalism, indigenism, and cosmopolitanism. Nationalist
critics are foremost concerned with tribal sovereignty, indigenist
critics focus on non-Western modes of knowledge, and cosmopolitan
critics wish to look elsewhere for comparative possibilities.
Krupat persuasively contends that all three critical perspectives
can work in a complementary rather than an oppositional fashion. A
work marked by theoretical sophistication, wide learning, and
social passion, Red Matters is a major contribution to the
imperative effort of understanding the indigenous presence on the
American continents.
What-to-Do? a novel is a work made up of a number of mostly
inter-linked chapters, all of which bear, in one way or another, on
the question, What are we to do with our lives? One character who
reappears at different points in the book is a middle-aged rural
widow whose son has mentioned to her that no one ever seems to have
written out - spelled out - all the numbers from one to one
million. Alone and with time on her hands, she sets out to do just
that. Another character is a southern black man who served in World
War II. Upon his return home, he builds a personal library of
books, an act that wins him praise and also a good deal of trouble.
Yet another character is a Native American man from the southwest
who, from his teens onward, has attempted to heed a terrible vision
he has received from a Nighthawk, only later in his life finding
something more positive to do. Other characters appear as they "do"
one thing or another.
In this dynamic collection of essays, Arnold Krupat, one of the
leading critics of American Indian writing, storytelling, and film,
offers insightful and provocative analyses of representations by
and about Native peoples, past and present. He considers the
relations between tricksters in traditional and contemporary
stories, the ways in which Native peoples were depicted in
mainstream American literature in the mid-nineteenth century, and
how modern Cherokee authors look back upon and represent the forced
removal of their ancestors from the Southeast in the 1830s. He also
examines the writings of the famed Pequot public intellectual
William Apess (1798-1839) and the complex communicative strategies
informing the contemporary prize-winning Inuit film "Atanarjuat,
the""Fast Runner." "All That Remains" not only showcases one of the
most influential scholars in the field but also establishes a bold
agenda for Native literary criticism in the twenty-first century.
Boarding School Voices is both an anthology of mostly unpublished
writing by former students of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School
and a study of that writing. The boarding schools' ethnocidal
practices have become a metaphor for the worst evils of
colonialism, a specifiable source for the ills that beset Native
communities today. But the fuller story is one not only of
suffering and pain, loss and abjection, but also of ingenious
agency, creative syntheses, and unimagined adaptations. Although
tragic for many students, for others the Carlisle experience led to
positive outcomes in their lives. Some published short pieces in
the Carlisle newspapers and others sent letters and photos to the
school over the years. Arnold Krupat transcribes selections from
the letters of these former students literally and unedited,
emphasizing their evocative language and what they tell of
themselves and their home communities, and the perspectives they
offer on a wider American world. Their sense of themselves and
their worldview provide detailed insights into what was abstractly
and vaguely referred to as "the Indian question." These former
students were the oxymoron Carlisle superintendent Richard Henry
Pratt could not imagine and never comprehended: they were Carlisle
Indians.
Here First is an important new collection of essays by Native American writers compiled by Arnold Krupat and Brian Swann, the editors of I Tell You Now: Autobiographical Essays by Native American Writers. In Here First, authors such as Sherman Alexie, Greg Sarris, and Elizabeth Woody tell the stories of their lives and their art. Each essay demonstrates the breadth of experience of twenty-seven individuals united in the creative expression of a Native American heritage. Each has a different relation to that heritage, and in describing it through personal and family history, with verse and in anecdotes, the writers give a strong image of the different cultures that have shaped them. This is living history and the kind of collective memoir that makes for fascinating and rewarding reading--one of the most vivid and diverse portraits of Native American culture available today.
James Welch was one of the central figures in twentieth-century
American Indian literature, and The Heartsong of Charging Elk is of
particular importance as the culminating novel in his canon. A
historical novel, Heartsong follows a Lakota (Sioux) man at the end
of the nineteenth century as he travels with Buffalo Bill's Wild
West show; is left behind in Marseille, France; and then struggles
to overcome many hardships, including a charge for murder. In this
novel Welch conveys some of the lifeways and language of a
traditional Sioux. Here for the first time is a literary companion
to James Welch's Heartsong that includes an unpublished chapter of
the first draft of the novel; selections from interviews with the
author; a memoir by the author's widow, Lois Welch; and essays by
leading scholars in the field on a wide range of topics. The rich
resources presented here make this volume an essential addition to
the study of James Welch and twentieth-century Native American
literature.
Ethnocriticism moves cultural critique to the boundaries that exist
between cultures. The boundary traversed in Krupat's dexterous new
book is the contested line between native and mainstream American
literatures and cultures. For over a century the discourses of
ethnography, history, and literature have sought to represent the
Indian in America. Krupat considers all these discourses and the
ways in which Indians have attempted to "write back," producing an
oppositional-or at least a parallel-discourse. This title is part
of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University
of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the
brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on
a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality,
peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using
print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in
1992.
In its consideration of American Indian literature as a rich and
exciting body of work, The Voice in the Margin invites us to
broaden our notion of what a truly inclusive American literature
might be, and of how it might be placed in relation to an
international—a "cosmopolitan"—literary canon. The book comes
at a time when the most influential national media have focused
attention on the subject of the literary canon. They have made it
an issue not merely of academic but of general public concern,
expressing strong opinions on the subject of what the American
student should or should not read as essential or core texts. Is
the literary canon simply a given of tradition and history, or is
it, and must it be, constantly under construction? The question
remains hotly contested to the present moment. Arnold Krupat argues
that the literary expression of the indigenous peoples of the
United States has claims on us to more than marginal attention.
Demonstrating a firm grasp of both literary history and
contemporary critical theory, he situates Indian literature,
traditional and modern, in a variety of contexts and categories.
His extensive knowledge of the history and current theory of
ethnography recommends the book to anthropologists and folklorists
as well as to students and teachers of literature, both canonical
and noncanonical. The materials covered, the perspectives
considered, and the learning displayed all make The Voice in the
Margin a major contribution to the exciting field of contemporary
cultural studies. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived
program, which commemorates University of California Press’s
mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them
voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893,
Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship
accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title
was originally published in 1989.
Ethnocriticism moves cultural critique to the boundaries that exist
between cultures. The boundary traversed in Krupat's dexterous new
book is the contested line between native and mainstream American
literatures and cultures. For over a century the discourses of
ethnography, history, and literature have sought to represent the
Indian in America. Krupat considers all these discourses and the
ways in which Indians have attempted to "write back," producing an
oppositional-or at least a parallel-discourse. This title is part
of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University
of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the
brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on
a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality,
peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using
print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in
1992.
In its consideration of American Indian literature as a rich and
exciting body of work, The Voice in the Margin invites us to
broaden our notion of what a truly inclusive American literature
might be, and of how it might be placed in relation to an
international—a "cosmopolitan"—literary canon. The book comes
at a time when the most influential national media have focused
attention on the subject of the literary canon. They have made it
an issue not merely of academic but of general public concern,
expressing strong opinions on the subject of what the American
student should or should not read as essential or core texts. Is
the literary canon simply a given of tradition and history, or is
it, and must it be, constantly under construction? The question
remains hotly contested to the present moment. Arnold Krupat argues
that the literary expression of the indigenous peoples of the
United States has claims on us to more than marginal attention.
Demonstrating a firm grasp of both literary history and
contemporary critical theory, he situates Indian literature,
traditional and modern, in a variety of contexts and categories.
His extensive knowledge of the history and current theory of
ethnography recommends the book to anthropologists and folklorists
as well as to students and teachers of literature, both canonical
and noncanonical. The materials covered, the perspectives
considered, and the learning displayed all make The Voice in the
Margin a major contribution to the exciting field of contemporary
cultural studies. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived
program, which commemorates University of California Press’s
mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them
voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893,
Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship
accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title
was originally published in 1989.
The word "elegy" comes from the Ancient Greek elogos, meaning a
mournful poem or song, in particular, a song of grief in response
to loss. Because mourning and memorialization are so deeply
embedded in the human condition, all human societies have developed
means for lamenting the dead, and, in "That the People Might Live"
Arnold Krupat surveys the traditions of Native American elegiac
expression over several centuries.
Krupat covers a variety of oral performances of loss and
renewal, including the Condolence Rites of the Iroquois and the
memorial ceremony of the Tlingit people known as koo'eex, examining
as well a number of Ghost Dance songs, which have been
reinterpreted in culturally specific ways by many different tribal
nations. Krupat treats elegiac "farewell" speeches of the
eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in considerable detail, and
comments on retrospective autobiographies by Black Hawk and Black
Elk.
Among contemporary Native writers, he looks at elegiac work by
Linda Hogan, N. Scott Momaday, Gerald Vizenor, Sherman Alexie,
Maurice Kenny, and Ralph Salisbury, among others. Despite
differences of language and culture, he finds that death and loss
are consistently felt by Native peoples both personally and
socially: someone who had contributed to the People's well-being
was now gone. Native American elegiac expression offered mourners
consolation so that they might overcome their grief and renew their
will to sustain communal life.
"The Turn to the Native" is a timely account of Native American
literature and the critical writings that have grown up around it.
Arnold Krupat considers racial and cultural "essentialism," the
ambiguous position of non-Native critics in the field, cultural
"sovereignty" and "property," and the place of Native American
culture in a so-called multicultural era. Chapters follow on the
relationship of Native American culture to postcolonial writing and
postmodernism. Krupat comments on the recent work of numerous
Native writers. The final chapter, "A Nice Jewish Boy among the
Indians," presents the author's effort to balance his Jewish and
working-class heritage, his adherence to Western "critical" ideals,
and his ongoing loyalty to the values of Native cultures.
For Those Who Come After seems indeed to be quite a specialized
book, a study of texts concerning a marginalized people, texts
themselves marginalized (at least until recently) by their
exclusion from the canon of American literature traditionally
taught in the United States.
First published in 1953, revised in 1964, and presented here with a
new foreword by Arnold Krupat and new postscript by the author, Roy
Harvey Pearce's "Savagism and Civilization" is a classic in the
genre of history of ideas. Examining the political pamphlets,
missionaries' reports, anthropologists' accounts, and the drama,
poetry, and novels of the 18th and early 19th centuries, Professor
Pearce traces the conflict between the idea of the noble savage and
the will to Christianize the heathen and appropriate their land,
which ended with the near extermination of Native American culture.
"I Tell You Now" is an anthology of autobiographical accounts by
eighteen notable Native writers of different ages, tribes, and
areas. This second edition features a new introduction by the
editors and updated biographical sketches for each writer.
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