Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. This Research Agenda provides a broad and comprehensive overview of the field of multilevel governance. Illustrating theoretical and normative approaches and identifying prevailing gaps in research, it offers a cutting-edge agenda for future investigations. Leading experts from a range of disciplines explore key questions of multilevel governance pertaining to institutions and institutional dynamics, power relationships and the division of power, as well as policymaking and policy change. Chapters engage with a broad range of policy areas, including digitization, security, climate change and redistributive policies, addressing key multilevel governance issues and dilemmas in coordination, intergovernmental relations, democracy and the transformation of political authority. In an era demarcated by major transformative challenges, this Research Agenda represents an essential reading for students, academics and policy practitioners interested in public policy, comparative politics and intergovernmental or international relations. Offering a state-of-the-art agenda for future research, this book is crucial reading for researchers and graduate students in political science, public administration and federal studies. Its practical insights into contemporary policymaking will also benefit practitioners interested in multilevel governance policy.

Based on theoretical and empirical research, this authoritative book explains why, how and under which conditions innovative policies are achievable in multilevel governance. Taking a forward-thinking approach, the book also addresses implications of the rise of multilevel governance for research and practice. Arthur Benz explores multilevel governance both in relation to and beyond governments' responses to an increasing complexity of public policies. Chapters analyse how political authority is divided and policies have to be coordinated across jurisdictional boundaries. Utilizing case studies on energy and climate policy in transnational, national and local contexts, and on fiscal equalization in federations, Benz illuminates the interplay of policy change and institutional change, as well as the particular conditions that enable or constrain these mechanisms. The book concludes that complexity in multilevel systems of governance does not rule out policy innovation, but rather it establishes both favourable and constraining conditions for significant change. Providing an overview of theories of multilevel governance, this book will be critical reading for scholars and advanced students of political science and public administration. It will also be beneficial for policymakers interested in complex governance.

Russell Brand is one of the most high profile and controversial celebrities of our time. A divisive figure, his ability to bounce back from adversity is remarkable. This book traces his various career stages through which he has done this, moving from comedy, to TV presenting; from radio to Hollywood films. It identifies how this eclectic career in entertainment both helped and hindered his high-profile move into political activism. Underpinning the book are interviews with leading activists and politicians, and sophisticated readings of Brand's performances, writing and on-screen work. There are sections on the Sachsgate scandal, his Newsnight interview with Jeremy Paxman, and his 2015 election intervention for aspiring Prime Minister Ed Miliband. It builds on scholarly work in the area of celebrity politics to develop an original analytic approach that blends the field theory of Pierre Bourdieu with the assemblage theory of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari.

Federal systems are praised for creating political stability, but they are also blamed for causing rigidity. They are said to balance powers, but apparently they are also threatened by instability due to drifts in power. Federalism should support democratization, but it can also constrain the power of the demos and strengthen the executive. In short, there is widespread agreement that federal systems are dynamic. The forces, mechanisms and consequences of federal dynamics, however, are not sufficiently understood so far.
This book brings together leading experts in the field of comparative federalism to highlight how the interplay of continuity and change systematically generates and reinforces varieties of federalism and varieties of federal dynamics. Federal Dynamics: Continuity, Change and Varieties of Federalism investigates mechanisms and resulting patterns of federal development. It offers new analytical concepts and discusses different theoretical propositions to systematically compare convergent and divergent trends in federal systems. Acknowledging the theoretical pluralism that dominates the field, the book is organized around four sections: Models, Varieties and Dimensions of Federalism; Timing, Sequencing and Historical Evolution; Social Change and Political Structuring; and Actors, Institutions and Internal Dynamics.
The contributions to this volume are variously concerned with three guiding questions: What changes within federal systems, how and why? The focus provided by these three guiding questions allows for a dialogue between strands of the literature that have not talked to each other in a sufficient manner. In this way, the book makes a significant contribution to the growing literature on continuity and change in federal systems. Ultimately, it represents a substantive effort in advancing research on comparative federalism.

This groundbreaking new study shows how the process of creating an ever closer European Union affects not only the policy-making, but also the politics and polity of the Member States. Empirical studies on the domestic impact of Europe identified different forms of Europeanization due to alternative mechanisms of internalising the new norms and rules. Although many studies have since focused on the question of how, to what degree, in what direction, at what pace, and at what point of time "Europe matters", the Europeanization of one particular structural determinant of the Member States, namely the system of parliamentary democracy, is still under-researched. This is all the more astonishing as democracy in the EU depends to a large extent on the democratic legitimacy of procedures at the national level. This volume addresses the key issue of the Europeanisation of parliamentary systems and thus contributes to the ongoing debate on the parliamentary dimension of the European Union. It brings together theoretical concepts as well as cross-national empirical research on the Europeanization of the member states' parliamentary systems, focussing on different elements such as structures, procedures and decision-making processes as well as on the question how parliamentarians as actors react to these changes and actively shape this Europeanization. This book was previously published as a special issue of The Journal of Legislative Studies.

For the first time, this new collection brings together country specialists, researchers on the European Union, and leading international relations scholars to tackle a crucial question: how compatible are today's new patterns of 'policy networks' and 'multi-level' governance with democratic standards?

This important question is attracting attention both in political science and in political practices. In political science, the question is mainly dealt with in separated sub-disciplines, which focus on different levels of politics. So far, no serious exchange has actually taken place between authors working on these different levels. The editors of this book - both specialists of network and multi-level governance - show that although the issue is raised differently in the institutional settings of the national state, the European Union, or transnational governance, excellent insights can be gained by comparison across these settings.

This major new contribution includes cutting edge work from junior scholars alongside chapters by leading specialists of governance such as Guy Peters, Jon Pierre, Philippe C. Schmitter and Thomas Risse. It also contains a collection of new case studies, theoretical conceptualisations and normative proposals for solutions dealing with the issue of democratic deficits, which all give the reader a better understanding of the most crucial problems and perspectives of democracy in different patterns of "governance" beyond conventional 'government' approaches.

This is a valuable book for policy analysts, students of the European Union and international relations, and all students in social and political science.

For the first time, this new collection brings together country specialists, researchers on the European Union, and leading international relations scholars to tackle a crucial question: how compatible are today's new patterns of 'policy networks' and 'multi-level' governance with democratic standards?
This important question is attracting attention both in political science and in political practices. In political science, the question is mainly dealt with in separated sub-disciplines, which focus on different levels of politics. So far, no serious exchange has actually taken place between authors working on these different levels. The editors of this book - both specialists of network and multi-level governance - show that although the issue is raised differently in the institutional settings of the national state, the European Union, or transnational governance, excellent insights can be gained by comparison across these settings.

This major new contribution includes cutting edge work from junior scholars alongside chapters by leading specialists of governance such as Guy Peters, Jon Pierre, Philippe C. Schmitter and Thomas Risse. It also contains a collection of new case studies, theoretical conceptualizations and normative proposals for solutions dealing with the issue of democratic deficits, which all give the reader a better understanding of the most crucial problems and perspectives of democracy in different patterns of "governance" beyond conventional "government" approaches.
This is a valuable book for policy analysts, students of the European Union and international relations, and all students in social and political science.

Verliert der Staat an Bedeutung? Sind die Globalisierung der Okonomie, die Internationalisierung bzw. Europaisierung der Politik, die Uberlastung wohlfahrtsstaatlicher Verteilungspolitik, die Grenzen hoheitlich-hierarchischer Steuerung in der funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft sowie die Diskrepanz zwischen dem Legitimationsbedarf und den Leistungen des demokratischen Staates dafur verantwortlich? Hat der Staat an innerer Souveranitat gegenuber der eigenen Wirtschaft wie an ausserer Souveranitat durch Einbindung in internationale Organisationen verloren? Kann man gar von einem Niedergang des Staates sprechen? Das Buch stellt aus dem Blickwinkel des akteurszentrierten Institutionalismus ein analytisches Instrumentarium fur Politikwissenschaftler bereit, die sich mit dem Staat befassen wollen. Eine solche Herangehensweise hat den Vorteil, dass sie der empirischen Forschung nur wenige theoretische Pramissen voranstellt. Aber auch andere Staatstheorien werden berucksichtigt

Most modern books and films glamorize World War II airborne soldiers as troopers leaping into the night to descend by parachute into combat. Much less often considered is the role of glider forces. Glider troops lacked the panache and special distinctions of paratroopers, despite their critical role in airborne warfare. Likewise, World War II ground combat is characterized as a combined arms fight of infantry and armor, backed up with field artillery; by comparison the role played by specialized, supporting arms has received scant attention. The 80th AAA Battalion was a glider outfit, providing anti-aircraft defense and anti-tank capability to the division's three infantry regiments as battlefield conditions dictated. Elements of the battalion fought in Italy, Normandy, Holland and the Battle of the Bulge, making combat glider assaults during both Operation Neptune and Operation Market Garden. The exploits of the men of the 80th tend to be obscured as commanders maneuvered the batteries wherever their special skills were needed on the battlefield, with no regiment to call a permanent home. The 80th AAA battalion was a hybrid unit. While its members were considered Coast Artillery (the branch responsible for defending ground formations from air attack during WWII), they fought alongside parachute and glider infantry, most often providing direct fire, anti-armor support with 57mm/6 pounder cannons. While field artillery, both parachute and glider, established their gunlines some distance behind infantry units to provide indirect fire support, the men of the 80th fought face to face with the enemy, alongside their infantry brothers.

The search for a robust balance of power is a continuous challenge for multilevel political system. Institutions like parliaments or courts can protect the existing order. However, necessary adjustments to economic, social, or international challenges or policies determined to improve ineffective structures or to prevent disintegration require constitutional amendments. Whereas constitutional policy appears as essential to maintain balance, changing a constitution is rather difficult in multilevel governments. Due to the veto power of many actors pursuing divergent interests, policies aiming to redistribute power or fiscal resources risk to end in the joint decision trap. Hence, multilevel government is confronted by a fundamental dilemma. Constitutional Policy in Multilevel Government compares processes of constitutional reform in federal and regionalized states. Based on a theoretical framework emphasizing the relevance of negotiations in parliamentary, intergovernmental, and societal arenas, it identifies conditions for successful reforms and explains the consequences of failed reforms. Moreover, it highlights the interplay of reform processes and constitutional evolution as essential to maintaining a robust balance of power. The book demonstrates that an appropriate arrangement of multiple arenas of negotiation including executives, members of parliament and civil society organizations, and sequential order of reform processes proves fundamental to prevent federal or regionalized governments from becoming either instable or ending with rigid constitutions. Transformations in Governance is a major new academic book series from Oxford University Press. It is designed to accommodate the impressive growth of research in comparative politics, international relations, public policy, federalism, environmental and urban studies concerned with the dispersion of authority from central states up to supranational institutions, down to subnational governments, and side-ways to public-private networks. It brings together work that significantly advances our understanding of the organization, causes, and consequences of multilevel and complex governance. The series is selective, containing annually a small number of books of exceptionally high quality by leading and emerging scholars. The series targets mainly single-authored or co-authored work, but it is pluralistic in terms of disciplinary specialization, research design, method, and geographical scope. Case studies as well as comparative studies, historical as well as contemporary studies, and studies with a national, regional, or international focus are all central to its aims. Authors use qualitative, quantitative, formal modeling, or mixed methods. A trade mark of the books is that they combine scholarly rigour with readable prose and an attractive production style. The series is edited by Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks of the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and the VU Amsterdam, and Walter Mattli of the University of Oxford.

Governance: Ein Modebegriff oder ein sinnvolles wissenschaftliches Konzept? Das Buch erlautert das Konzept in unterschiedlichen Diskussionszusammenhangen und begrundet seine Relevanz.
Der Begriff "Governance" umschreibt neue Formen gesellschaftlicher, okonomischer und politischer Regulierung, Koordinierung und Steuerung in komplexen institutionellen Strukturen, in denen meistens staatliche und private Akteure zusammenwirken. Mit ihm werden Veranderungen in der Herrschaftspraxis des modernen Staates, neue Formen der internationalen Politik sowie der Wandel von Organisationsformen und Interorganisationsbeziehungen in der offentlichen Verwaltung, in Verbanden, in Unternehmen, in Markten und in Regionen bezeichnet. Die Beitrage stellen den Governance-Begriff und die damit verbundenen Diskussionen und Fragestellungen fur unterschiedliche Anwendungsfelder dar. Sie geben damit eine Einfuhrung in ein wichtiges sozialwissenschaftliches Konzept und tragen dazu bei, dessen Konturen zu klaren."

Ausgehend von der Tatsache, dass Politik in zunehmendem Masse die Grenzen von lokalen, regionalen oder nationalen Gebietskoerperschaften uberschreitet und zwischen Ebenen koordiniert werden muss, behandelt das Buch Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen einer demokratischen Politik in Mehrebenensystemen. Vorgestellt werden relevante Theorien und Begriffe der Politikwissenschaft, aus denen ein differenzierter Analyseansatz abgeleitet wird. Grundlegend ist dabei die UEberlegung, dass die komplexen Strukturen der Mehrebenenpolitik die Akteure haufig vor widerspruchliche Anforderungen zwischen unterschiedlichen Regelsystemen stellen, die Entscheidungen erschweren oder Demokratiedefizite verursachen. Die Akteure entwickeln aber Strategien, um diese Schwierigkeiten zu bewaltigen. Erst bei Berucksichtigung strategischer Interaktionen lasst sich bewerten, ob die Praxis des Regierens im Mehrebenensystem Anforderungen an eine demokratische Politik genugt. Am Beispiel der Mehrebenenpolitik im deutschen Bundesstaat sowie in der Europaischen Union werden diese theoretischen UEberlegungen und die Anwendung der Analysekategorien fur unterschiedliche Formen von Mehrebenensystemen illustriert.

Governance ist zu einem Schlusselkonzept nicht nur der Politikwissenschaft geworden. Dieses Handbuch bietet einen umfassenden Zugang zu allen Grundlagen und Aspekten des Governancekonzepts."

Gegenstand dieses PVS-Sonderhefts sind Analysen zur Entwicklung foederativer Staaten sowie zur Interessenvermittlung und zur Leistungsfahigkeit von Politik in Bundesstaaten. Die historischen und international vergleichenden Analysen stehen dabei in einem Zusammenhang mit der aktuellen Diskussion uber Kooperation oder Konkurrenz im Bundesstaat. Diese Debatte wird als Ausdruck veranderter gesellschaftlicher Probleme, neuer Interessenkonflikte und einer Restrukturierung gesellschaftlicher Interessenvermittlung interpretiert. Fur die Foederalismusforschung stellt sich damit die Aufgabe, die Zusammenhange zwischen gesellschaftlichen und politischen Veranderungen sowie dem Wandel foederativer Strukturen zu untersuchen. Die einzelnen Beitrage behandeln die historische Entwicklung des Zusammenwirkens zwischen Institutionenbildung und gesellschaftlichen Veranderungen in Bundesstaaten, den Einfluss von Strukturen des Parteiensystems und der verbandlichen Interessenvermittlung auf die Politik im Bundesstaat sowie die Leistungsfahigkeit und Anpassungsfahigkeit foederativer Institutionen in einzelnen Politikfeldern. Sie erstrecken sich auf Bundesstaaten in Westeuropa und Nordamerika. Hier sind gegenwartig Tendenzen zu einer gesellschaftlichen Dezentralisierung und Restrukturierung von gesellschaftlichen Konflikten und Interessenstrukturen besonders ausgepragt.

Die Relevanz des Regionalisierungskonzepts wird in verschiedenen sozialwissenschaftlichen Diskursen thematisiert, so im Zusammenhang mit der Globalisierung der Wirtschaft und der Herausbildung regionaler Netzwerke oder der Internationalisierung und Europaisierung der Politik.
Die Publikation beschaftigt sich mit Fragen, die im Zusammenhang mit dem steuerungstheoretischen Diskurs gestellt sind. Aus den Veranderungen der Staatstatigkeit werden Merkmale und Funktionen regionaler Politikabgeleitet. Gefragt wird nach den Spannungsfeldern, aber auch Grenzen von Regionalisierung.
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Der vorliegende Band verfolgt mehrere Ziele. Zum einen soli er einen Ein- blick in die Bedeutung der Region als Handlungsraum wie Gegenstand von Politik geben. Beabsichtigt ist nicht, umfassend und vollstandig in den The- menbereich einzufiihren, sondern die Vielschichtigkeit der regionalen Politik deutlich zu machen. Zum zweiten liefern die Beitrage Einsichten in die wis- senschaftliche Forschung iiber regionale Politik. Wir haben deshalb Politik- wissenschaftler bzw. iiber Regionalpolitik arbeitende Vertreter anderer Dis- ziplinen urn Abhandlungen gebeten, die auf laufenden oder abgeschlossenen Forschungsarbeiten beruhen. Zum dritten wollten wir die Verbindung herstel- len zwischen der politikwissenschaftlichen Forschung und den aktuell in der Praxis gefiihrten Diskussionen iiber Regionalisierung. Aus diesem Grunde finden sich in diesem Band Beitrage von Praktikern der regionalen Politik in Sachsen-Anhalt, die teilweise konkrete Falle dokumentieren, teilweise auch die Ausfiihrungen der Wissenschaftler kommentieren. Die Idee, den Band zu erstellen, geht zuriick auf ein Kolloquium, das die Herausgeber im Juni 1997 an def Martin-Luther-Universitat Halle-Witten- berg in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Ministerium fiir Wirtschaft, Technologie und Europaangelegenheiten veranstalteten. Die eintagige Tagung belegte nicht nur die Bedeutung des Themas, sondern auch die Fruchtbarkeit des Austausches zwischen Wissenschaftlern und Praktikern. Die Resonanz der Teilnehmer wie die Qualitat der Beitrage haben uns veranlaBt, die Ergebnisse zu publizieren. Wir haben den Autoren zugemutet, miindlich prasentierte Re- ferate oder Kommentare fiir die VerOffentlichung zu iiberarbeiten und damit neben der Mitwirkung am Kolloquium zusatzliche Arbeit auf sich zu neh- men. Dafiir und fiir ihre Kooperationsbereitschaft sind wir allen zu Dank verpflichtet.

Die deutsche Wiedervereinigung und die Aufloesung der militarischen und wirtschaftlichen Bloecke in Europa stellen die Regierungen und Verwaltungen des Bundes und der Lander vor gravierende Herausforderungen. Die Autoren des Bandes untersuchen, ob Regierungen und Verwaltungen in der Lage sind, in der gegenwartigen Krise zu lernen und die notwendigen Veranderungen durchzufuhren. Die Studien behandeln u. a. folgende Problemkreise: Wie kann die Demokratie stabilisiert und die Legitimation staatlichen Handelns gesichert werden? Wie lassen sich die Rationalitat und Effizienz von Politik und Verwaltung verbessern? Welche Konsequenzen ergeben sich aus der wachsenden Verflechtung nationaler und internationaler Politikarenen? Wie koennen Regierungen und Verwaltungen auf die wirtschaftlichen, politischen und administrativen Folgen der deuschen Einheit reagieren? Sind Politik und Verwaltung hinreichend lernfahig und koennen sie neue institutionelle, prozessuale und inhaltliche Loesungen finden?

Die Schrift von Arthur Benz wendet sich einem Problembereich zu, der von gleicherma6en grundsatzlicher wie aktueller Bedeutung ist und der seit geraumer Zeit ein hohes Interesse sowohl der politisch-administrativen Praxis wie des Wissenschaftsbereichs findet. Sein Interesse gilt den latenten wie manifesten Zentralisierungs- und Dezentralisierungsprozessen im foderativ strukturierten politischen System der Bundesrepublik. Die Aktualitat der Untersuchung ist dabei mit Blick auf die laufende Dezentra- lisierungsdiskussion in einer Reihe von Politikbereichen offensichtlich, ihre grundsatzliche Bedeutung mit der Frage nach der Reagibilitat und Anpassungsflexibilitat foderalstaatlicher Strukturen gegeben. Der gewahlte Untersuchungsansatz ist als aUBergewohnlich ambitioniert zu kennzeichnen: An den Schwachen der vorliegenden Theorien zur Willens- bildung und Entscheidung im Mehr-Ebenen-Verbund ansetzend, soll ein eigener theoretischer Untersuchungsansatz konzipiert werden, der dan- am Beispiel der raumlichen Planung - auf Aussagen zu den Bedingungen und Zyklizitaten von Zentralisierungs- wie Dezentralisierungsprozessen zielt. Schlie61ich bemUht sich der Autor urn eine erweiterte Interpretation seiner Untersuchungsergebnisse, wobei Elemente einer Steuerungstheorie in fode- rativ strukturierten Staaten erkennbar werden.

Ely Green was born in Sewanee, Tennessee, in 1893. His father was a member of the white gentry, the son of a former Confederate officer. His mother was a housemaid, the daughter of a former slave. In this small Episcopal community-home to the University of the South-Ely lived his early childhood oblivious to the implications of his illegitimacy and his parentage. He was nearly nine years old before he realized that being different from his white playmates was of any real significance. An incident at a local drugstore marked the beginning of what would be a painful rite of passage from an idyllic childhood through a tormented adolescence as Ely struggled to understand why he could not wholly belong to either his father's world or his mother's. "I was having a struggle within," he writes, ". . . learning to hate white people after I had been taught that they were all God's children and we are to love everybody." At age eighteen, still warring to reconcile one part of himself with the other, he fled the mountains of Tennessee-and a brewing lynch mob-for the plains of Texas and a new beginning. Straightforwardly recounting his early life, rising above bitterness and pain, Ely Green gives his readers an astoundingly honest and poignant portrait of a young man trying to come to terms with race relations in the early twentieth-century South.

Scholars widely agree that a federal system cannot work effectively without democracy. As a result of the division or sharing of powers between levels of government, there remains considerable uncertainty about how rules or patterns of politics between the executive and legislative branches interact. Combining theoretical analyses and selected case studies, Federal Democracies at Work contributes to our understanding of the complex relations between federalism and democracy. Throughout the volume, contributing authors elaborate and apply an innovative analytical framework to provide greater clarity on the complex relations between federalism and democracy. As a whole, the volume explores how different institutional configurations of federal democracies alleviate or intensify inherent tensions; how actors grapple and cope with the challenge of these complexities; and how structures evolve as a result of rising conflicts and institutional reforms or adjustments. In doing so, Federal Democracies at Work advances research on comparative federalism and works toward a better understanding of how these compound systems work.

This groundbreaking new study shows how the process of creating an ever closer European Union affects not only the policy-making, but also the politics and polity of the Member States. Empirical studies on the domestic impact of Europe identified different forms of Europeanization due to alternative mechanisms of internalising the new norms and rules. Although many studies have since focused on the question of how, to what degree, in what direction, at what pace, and at what point of time "Europe matters", the Europeanization of one particular structural determinant of the Member States, namely the system of parliamentary democracy, is still under-researched. This is all the more astonishing as democracy in the EU depends to a large extent on the democratic legitimacy of procedures at the national level. This volume addresses the key issue of the Europeanisation of parliamentary systems and thus contributes to the ongoing debate on the parliamentary dimension of the European Union. It brings together theoretical concepts as well as cross-national empirical research on the Europeanization of the member states' parliamentary systems, focussing on different elements such as structures, procedures and decision-making processes as well as on the question how parliamentarians as actors react to these changes and actively shape this Europeanization. This book was previously published as a special issue of The Journal of Legislative Studies.