* Logically organized, country-by-country approach makes it easy to compare and draw parallels between countries * Demonstrates how researchers and policymakers, who heavily rely on crime numbers, need to use care in interpreting those statistics * Helps develop a cross-cultural understanding of police practices

* Logically organized, country-by-country approach makes it easy to compare and draw parallels between countries * Demonstrates how researchers and policymakers, who heavily rely on crime numbers, need to use care in interpreting those statistics * Helps develop a cross-cultural understanding of police practices

This book addresses six areas of policing: performance management, professional and academic partnerships, preventing and fighting crime and terrorism, immigrant and multicultural populations, policing the police, and cyber-security. The book contains the most current and ground-breaking research across the world of policing with contributors from over 20 countries. It is also a suitable reference or textbook in a special topics course. It consists of edited versions of the best papers presented at the IPES annual meeting in Budapest.

In nations all over the world, community policing has been found extremely beneficial in improving public confidence in the police. Community-oriented policing and police-citizen cooperation is now the accepted framework for all progressive police departments. Drawn from the proceedings at the 2010 International Police Executive Symposium (IPES) in Kerala, India and other IPES sources, Global Community Policing: Problems and Challenges presents new insights into this policing model and a critical appraisal of successes and challenges in various jurisdictions across the globe. The book begins with a chapter on how governments can design, implement, and support community policing based on lessons learned from history. Next, it explores research findings and pilot programs for community policing in eight different regions from Sweden to South Africa. Topics addressed include police safety, female empowerment, the impact of emotional intelligence on community policing, predatory leadership, operational challenges, interactions between police and persons with mental illness, and civilian policing. The book examines ways of measuring the success of police policies through citizen surveys and other methods. It also discusses Operation Weed and Seed, a community policing initiative in the United States. A valuable resource for researchers and practitioners of community-oriented policing, this book demonstrates how the practices and even some of the principles guiding the framework of community policing vary greatly across jurisdictions. By reviewing the benefits and challenges inherent in this innovative policing model, police administrators can devise systems that best meet the needs of their communities.

In nations all over the world, community policing has been found extremely beneficial in improving public confidence in the police. Community-oriented policing and police-citizen cooperation is now the accepted framework for all progressive police departments. Drawn from the proceedings at the 2010 International Police Executive Symposium (IPES) in Kerala, India and other IPES sources, Global Community Policing: Problems and Challenges presents new insights into this policing model and a critical appraisal of successes and challenges in various jurisdictions across the globe.

The book begins with a chapter on how governments can design, implement, and support community policing based on lessons learned from history. Next, it explores research findings and pilot programs for community policing in eight different regions from Sweden to South Africa. Topics addressed include police safety, female empowerment, the impact of emotional intelligence on community policing, predatory leadership, operational challenges, interactions between police and persons with mental illness, and civilian policing. The book examines ways of measuring the success of police policies through citizen surveys and other methods. It also discusses Operation Weed and Seed, a community policing initiative in the United States.

A valuable resource for researchers and practitioners of community-oriented policing, this book demonstrates how the practices and even some of the principles guiding the framework of community policing vary greatly across jurisdictions. By reviewing the benefits and challenges inherent in this innovative policing model, police administrators can devise systems that best meet the needs of their communities.

In the past two decades, Muslim countries across the globe have been faced with a crisis in governance. Starting with a summary of Islamic Law (Sharia) and its implications for law enforcement, this book will highlight the unique needs and challenges of law enforcement, and particularly policing, in these communities. It will provide a scholarly exposition of Sharia law and how it is compatible (or not) with policing in a modern context. The role and contribution of Sharia Law towards conceptualizing law enforcement in a modern context is certainly worth looking forward to, especially understanding its co-existence with civil law in countries with minority Muslim communities. Featuring case studies from throughout the Muslim world, this volume will highlight key qualities of Sharia law and Muslim culture that play a role in law enforcement, including: case processing, community policing, police administration, human rights, and the influence of globalization. Taking a comprehensive approach, this work provides a historical context for colonization events in Muslim countries and their influence on current law enforcement systems, as well as providing key insights into the particular norms that make up the bases for Muslim societies, and their unique needs. Looking into the future, it provides guidelines for how community policing can play a proactive role in law enforcement and crime prevention.

In the past two decades, Muslim countries across the globe have been faced with a crisis in governance. Starting with a summary of Islamic Law (Sharia) and its implications for law enforcement, this book will highlight the unique needs and challenges of law enforcement, and particularly policing, in these communities. It will provide a scholarly exposition of Sharia law and how it is compatible (or not) with policing in a modern context. The role and contribution of Sharia Law towards conceptualizing law enforcement in a modern context is certainly worth looking forward to, especially understanding its co-existence with civil law in countries with minority Muslim communities. Featuring case studies from throughout the Muslim world, this volume will highlight key qualities of Sharia law and Muslim culture that play a role in law enforcement, including: case processing, community policing, police administration, human rights, and the influence of globalization. Taking a comprehensive approach, this work provides a historical context for colonization events in Muslim countries and their influence on current law enforcement systems, as well as providing key insights into the particular norms that make up the bases for Muslim societies, and their unique needs. Looking into the future, it provides guidelines for how community policing can play a proactive role in law enforcement and crime prevention.

This book identifies police leaders who have stood out and chalked a path that has transformed their organizations. It describes these thinkers, who look deep into the challenges of policing and comment critically upon various responses and actions. Featuring profiles of police leaders from various countries, this book features officers with an aptitude for learning, presenting the situations they have confronted and the methods they have adopted to change systems and usher reforms. It identifies the characteristics of thinking police officers, and suggests the ways in which the serious policing challenges of modern times can be addressed by creative and outside the box thinking by leadership. Appropriate for students of criminal justice and policing, for researchers studying law enforcement and for practitioners discussing policing reform, this book will initiate a new debate about the nature and possibilities of building new police for the 21st century.

What is the best management style for the police? Police Mission discusses the values and norms inherent in the American police mission, and examines how police respond to challenges that arise while attempting to uphold this mission. It reveals that the way officers are being trained in ethics and human relations are not effective as they could be, and argues that policing has to move towards a greater emphasis on human values, moral sensitivity, and discerning judgment. A large number of themes ranging from personnel management, occupational culture, and innovative experiments in US policing techniques are examined. Several organizational theories as well as examples of international policing efforts from England to Japan are also analyzed. An important contribution to police literature, this book will be a valuable aid to students of criminology as well as practitioners and researchers of police science.

It is well established that fermentable carbohydrates and microorganisms in plaque play a significant role in pathogenesis of dental caries. The sugar most commonly associated with dental caries is sucrose and has been termed as the 'arch criminal of dental caries'. The properties of carbohydrates that make them more cariogenic include type of sugar, consistency, oral retention, concentration of sugar, and frequency of ingestion. Cariogenic microorganisms in dental plaque metabolize fermentable carbohydrates into organic acids, which in turn cause demineralization of the enamel below the critical pH. Thus salivary pH plays an important role in initiation of caries. Since cariogenic effects are, in part, related to the retention time of carbohydrates in the mouth as a result of their acidogenicity, the role of saliva in oral carbohydrate clearance is of primary interest. The salivary clearance of sugars is influenced by the properties of the foodstuff, the amount of ingested carbohydrate the sampling site in the mouth and physiological factors such as the volume of saliva present in mouth before and after swallowing.

To study Soil organic matter pools under integrated nutrient management in continuous Maize-Wheat Cropping System, soil samples were drawn at a depth of 0-15 cm from long term fertilizer experiment trial of AICRP, at Instructional Farm of Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Udaipur after nine years rotation of maize-wheat crop.. The experiment consisted of 12 treatment combinations viz., T1-100% NPK; T2-100% NPK + Zn; T3-100% NPK + Zn + S; T4-100% NPK + S; T5-100% NPK + seed treatment with Azotobacter; T6-FYM @ 10 t ha-1 + (100% NPK - NPK content of FYM); T7-100% NPK + FYM @ 10 t ha-1; T8-FYM @ 20 t ha-1; T9-150% NPK; T10-100% NP; T11-100% N; T12-control (no manure and no fertilizer) with four replications in a randomized block design. A significant improvement in the physical properties bulk density, hydraulic conductivity and in chemical properties cation exchange capacity and organic carbon content of the soil by the incorporation of FYM alone or in combination with chemical fertilizers.The soil organic matter pools were noticeably higher in plots dressed with organic and inorganic (100% NPK + FYM) compared to the plots receiving only inorganic fertilizers (100% NPK).

Surgical approaches to the apical areas of teeth have been known since antiquity. The problem of inadequate root canal therapy led some dental surgeons to approach the diseased root apex from the apical and rather than by an approach via the root canal from the coronal end. It must be emphasized that the primary treatment of the nonvital tooth relies on conventional endodontic techniques only when this treatment has failed, or in a few elected cases, should endodontic surgery be considered. The design of flaps in endodontic surgery is of prime importance. As the surgical site is very limited and the mucosa on the alveolus is bound down, once the incision is made it is difficult to modify or change it. Careful thought should therefore be given to all factors that may have a bearing on the flap design. On the completion of surgery, patients should be informed of possible post operative sequelae and given full instructions regarding postoperative care.

In an ever changing complex world, law enforcement must readily adapt to fight criminals/terrorists. In this work, Eterno and Das bring experts from all over the globe to explain policing in a way that only they can do. These experts are well-versed in law enforcement methods and operations in their respective countries. Nearly every part of the globe is represented in a cornucopia of nations: Australia, Brazil, China, India, Nigeria, Russia, and the United States. Many of the contributors are world renowned scholars with practical policing experience. Each chapter brings a unique viewpoint explaining the country's police from the perspective of that country's culture. The focus of the book is on transnational crime and terrorism; however, each chapter provides a basic understanding of policing in that nation. Additionally, a chapter on current legal practices throughout the world develops a global understanding of the difficulties faced by law enforcement. To combat crime and terrorism on a global scale requires an understanding of other nations: their cultures, their laws, their viewpoints. This book, written by indigenous authors, provides unique insights into the countries being examined. The wide range of countries combined with native experts make this book a necessary first step toward properly handling international crime and terrorism.

This book addresses six areas of policing: performance management, professional and academic partnerships, preventing and fighting crime and terrorism, immigrant and multicultural populations, policing the police, and cyber-security. The book contains the most current and ground-breaking research across the world of policing with contributors from over 20 countries. It is also a suitable reference or textbook in a special topics course. It consists of edited versions of the best papers presented at the IPES annual meeting in Budapest.

In an ever changing complex world, law enforcement must readily adapt to fight criminals/terrorists. In this work, Eterno and Das bring experts from all over the globe to explain policing in a way that only they can do. These experts are well-versed in law enforcement methods and operations in their respective countries. Nearly every part of the globe is represented in a cornucopia of nations: Australia, Brazil, China, India, Nigeria, Russia, and the United States. Many of the contributors are world renowned scholars with practical policing experience. Each chapter brings a unique viewpoint explaining the country's police from the perspective of that country's culture. The focus of the book is on transnational crime and terrorism; however, each chapter provides a basic understanding of policing in that nation. Additionally, a chapter on current legal practices throughout the world develops a global understanding of the difficulties faced by law enforcement. To combat crime and terrorism on a global scale requires an understanding of other nations: their cultures, their laws, their viewpoints. This book, written by indigenous authors, provides unique insights into the countries being examined. The wide range of countries combined with native experts make this book a necessary first step toward properly handling international crime and terrorism.

In the past two decades, Muslim countries across the globe have been faced with a crisis in governance. Starting with a summary of Islamic Law (Sharia) and its implications for law enforcement, this book will highlight the unique needs and challenges of law enforcement, and particularly policing, in these communities. It will provide a scholarly exposition of Sharia law and how it is compatible (or not) with policing in a modern context. The role and contribution of Sharia Law towards conceptualizing law enforcement in a modern context is certainly worth looking forward to, especially understanding its co-existence with civil law in countries with minority Muslim communities. Featuring case studies from throughout the Muslim world, this volume will highlight key qualities of Sharia law and Muslim culture that play a role in law enforcement, including: case processing, community policing, police administration, human rights, and the influence of globalization. Taking a comprehensive approach, this work provides a historical context for colonization events in Muslim countries and their influence on current law enforcement systems, as well as providing key insights into the particular norms that make up the bases for Muslim societies, and their unique needs. Looking into the future, it provides guidelines for how community policing can play a proactive role in law enforcement and crime prevention.