The result of an intensive two-year research study, this volume examines the likely course of the AIDS epidemic over the next fifteen years. Extremely well-documented and based largely on sophisticated statistical analysis, the study makes detailed forecasts of who will become sick; explores the social, political, and economic consequences of the spread of the disease; and analyzes the controversial policy choices that must be made if the epidemic is to be contained. The authors argue that current policies have failed in their efforts to combat the spread of AIDS and suggest new public policy measures aimed at dramatically reducing the spread of the virus. AIDS researchers, health care practitioners, and policymakers will find The Catastrophe Ahead both an invaluable source of detailed statistical information about the AIDS epidemic and an urgent call to action.

Based on the study results, the authors conclude that by 2002, a million and a half people may die of AIDS and more than 4 million others may be infected with the disease. They explore various scenarios--worst, best, and middle cases--demonstrating that blacks face by far the greatest risks: under the most likely scenario some 15 percent of all blacks between the ages of 15 and 50 will carry the virus by 2002. The authors propose a universal routine voluntary testing program to avert this catastrophe, enabling people to sexually self-segregate themselves based on whether or not they carry the HIV virus. While the authors concede that this program cannot completely stem the tide of infection, they argue that it offers one of the best defenses available against the epidemic. Well written and illustrated with numerous tables and figures, this volume should be required reading for anyone involved in AIDS counseling and policymaking.

Fascination with satellite television and Internet technology has become an obsession. People throughout the world watch television and believe what they see and hear--without realizing that pictures are selected and stories are sometimes distorted. Concurrently, the world's elite are drawn to the increasing availability of news on the Internet, effectively widening the gap between those who have and do not have access to the new technologies. This analysis of the worldwide impact of new communications technologies shows how ordinary citizens can protect themselves from media brainwashing. Interviews from across the globe shed light on this dynamic and on the roles of viewers as victims or victors in different situations. This is a book for the media professional; students and scholars in the fields of journalism, communications, political science, international relations, and business; as well as for government officials and concerned citizens who do not want to be controlled by the media.

VoIP (voice over IP) networks are currently being deployed by enterprises, governments, and service providers around the globe and are used by millions of individuals each day. Today, the hottest topic with engineers in the field is how to secure these networks. "Understanding Voice over IP Security" offers this critical knowledge. The book teaches practitioners how to design a highly secure VoIP network, explains Internet security basics, such as attack types and methods, and details all the key security aspects of a VoIP system, including identity, authentication, signaling, and media encryption. What's more, the book presents techniques used to combat spam and covers the future problems of spim (spam over instant messaging) and spim (spam over internet telephony).

Despite the fact that the incidence of gastric cancer is declining in the Western world, it remains a significant problem with respect to accurate diagnosis and treatment since it has a high mortality rate. In June 1989 an International Conference was held at the University of Rome "La Sapienza" entitled "New Trends in Gastric Cancer: Background and videosurgery." During this meeting background information on the aetiopathogenesis of gastric cancer was presented together with talks and video presentations on the latest advances in the treatment of gastric carcinoma, both from the European and Japanese experience. Because of the poor prognosis of gastric carcinoma there is increasing pressure for early detection. Some of the problems in the early detection of gastric carcinoma are discussed together with methods of surveillance of high-risk subjects. It is generally accepted that the surgical approach to gastric carcinoma should take into account the site and extent of the lesion and there are chapters on new methods for pre and intraoperative staging of the disease which allow a more logical approach to surgery. A comparison between Japanese and Western rule and results was attempted and reasons for the differences were investigated. Since the field is still evolving not all aspects could be covered, and those angles not approached in this book will be addressed in a second International Conference to be held in Rome in June 1990.

Today more than ever, the mass media are the dominant influence in our culture. Markets are becoming global, and simultaneously, media ownership is becoming concentrated in the hands of a very few select conglomerates who, along with media professionals and advertisers, effectively control the information and ideas that impact our society, politics, and lifestyles.

Focusing on TV news and television in general, this book examines why this media gate-keeping happens, how it works, who the gate-keepers are, as well as the destructive effects of structuring the viewpoints presented in news and entertainment. Through interviews with major media figures, professionals from a wide range of backgrounds, and civic leaders, the author explains exactly how this modern mind control thrives, and offers practical suggestions for breaking the media stranglehold.

Ritalin is a Ciba Geigy's proprietary name for the drug Methyl Phenidate Hydrochloride, also known under other proprietary names in certain countries, including methidate, rilatine, rubifren, aktilin and centedrin. In this text, the author authoritatively debunks misguided opinions and misconceptions surrounding the use of ritalin - problems and pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment, expectations, limitations, and precautions. He also explains medical considerations of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and learning disabilities in non-technical language.;This book should be of interest to parents, teachers, and practitioners working with those with learning difficulties and challenging behaviours.

Spanning the period from the cold war to the 'war on terror', examines the political economy dynamics of security and insecurity on the continent, as well as its implications for political actions. More than any other part of the globe, Africa has become associated with conflict, insecurity and human rights atrocities. In the popular imagination and the media, overpopulation, environmental degradation and ethnic hatred dominate accounts of African violence, while in academic and policy-making circles, conflict and insecurity have also come to occupy centre stage, with resource-hungry warlords and notions of 'greed' and 'grievance' playing key explanatory roles. Since the attacks of 9/11, there has also been mounting concern that the continent's so-called 'ungoverned spaces' will provide safe havens for terrorists intent on destroying Western civilization. The Review of African Political Economy has engaged extensively with issues of conflict and security, both analysing on-going conflicts and often challenging predominant modes of explanation and interpretation. This Review of African Political Economy Reader provides a timely, comprehensive and critical contribution to contemporary debates about conflict and security on the continent. The first section, covers some of the continent's main post-Cold War conflicts and demonstrates their global connections. The articles also discuss the so-called 'resource curse', as well as the global arms trade, and reveal the complexities of the relationship between the economic and the political. The second section focuses on security as part of post-Cold War global governance, and discusses the effects of liberal peace-building as well as the link between development assistance and the 'war on terror'. The final section examines life as it continues in conditions of war and shows how insecurity reconfigures urban space, transforms social order, identities and authority. Rita Abrahamsen is Professor in the Graduate School of Publicand International Affairs, University of Ottawa, Canada Published in association with ROAPE ROAPE African Readers Series Editors: Tunde Zack-Williams & Ray Bush

Despite the fact that the incidence of gastric cancer is declining in the Western world, it remains a significant problem with respect to accurate diagnosis and treatment since it has a high mortality rate. In June 1989 an International Conference was held at the University of Rome "La Sapienza" entitled "New Trends in Gastric Cancer: Background and videosurgery." During this meeting background information on the aetiopathogenesis of gastric cancer was presented together with talks and video presentations on the latest advances in the treatment of gastric carcinoma, both from the European and Japanese experience. Because of the poor prognosis of gastric carcinoma there is increasing pressure for early detection. Some of the problems in the early detection of gastric carcinoma are discussed together with methods of surveillance of high-risk subjects. It is generally accepted that the surgical approach to gastric carcinoma should take into account the site and extent of the lesion and there are chapters on new methods for pre and intraoperative staging of the disease which allow a more logical approach to surgery. A comparison between Japanese and Western rule and results was attempted and reasons for the differences were investigated. Since the field is still evolving not all aspects could be covered, and those angles not approached in this book will be addressed in a second International Conference to be held in Rome in June 1990.

WebRTC, Web Real-Time Communications, is revolutionizing the way web users communicate, both in the consumer and enterprise worlds. WebRTC adds standard APIs (Application Programming Interfaces) and built-in real-time audio and video capabilities and codecs to browsers without a plug-in. With just a few lines of JavaScript, web developers can add high quality peer-to-peer voice, video, and data channel communications to their collaboration, conferencing, telephony, or even gaming site or application.
New for the Third Edition
The third edition has an enhanced demo application which now shows the use of the data channel for real-time text sent directly between browsers. Also, a full description of the browser media negotiation process including actual SDP session descriptions from Firefox and Chrome. Hints on how to use Wireshark to monitor WebRTC protocols, and example captures are also included. TURN server support for NAT and firewall traversal is also new.
This edition also features a step-by-step introduction to WebRTC, with concepts such as local media, signaling, and the Peer Connection introduced through separate runnable demos.
Written by experts involved in the standardization effort, this book contains the most up to date discussion of WebRTC standards in W3C and IETF. Packed with figures, example code, and summary tables, this book is the ultimate WebRTC reference.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction to Web Real-Time Communications
1.1 WebRTC Introduction
1.2 Multiple Media Streams in WebRTC
1.3 Multi-Party Sessions in WebRTC
1.4 WebRTC Standards
1.5 What is New in WebRTC
1.6 Important Terminology Notes
1.7 References
2 How to Use WebRTC
2.1 Setting Up a WebRTC Session
2.2 WebRTC Networking and Interworking Examples
2.3 WebRTC Pseudo-Code Example
2.4 References
3 Local Media
3.1 Media in WebRTC
3.2 Capturing Local Media
3.3 Media Selection and Control
3.4 Media Streams Example
3.5 Local Media Runnable Code Example
4 Signaling
4.1 The Role of Signaling
4.2 Signaling Transport
4.3 Signaling Protocols
4.4 Summary of Signaling Choices
4.5 Signaling Channel Runnable Code Example
4.6 References
5 Peer-to-Peer Media
5.1 WebRTC Media Flows
5.2 WebRTC and Network Address Translation (NAT)
5.3 STUN Servers
5.4 TURN Servers
5.5 Candidates
6 Peer Connection and Offer/Answer Negotiation
6.1 Peer Connections
6.2 Offer/Answer Negotiation
6.3 JavaScript Offer/Answer Control
6.4 Runnable Code Example: Peer Connection and Offer/Answer Negotiation
7 Data Channel
7.1 Introduction to the Data Channel
7.2 Using Data Channels
7.3 Data Channel Runnable Code Example
7.3.1 Client WebRTC Application
8 W3C Documents
8.1 WebRTC API Reference
8.2 WEBRTC Recommendations
8.3 WEBRTC Drafts
8.4 Related Work
8.5 References
9 NAT and Firewall Traversal
9.1 Introduction to Hole Punching
9.3 WebRTC and Firewalls
9.3.1 WebRTC Firewall Traversal
9.4 References
10 Protocols
10.1 Protocols
10.2 WebRTC Protocol Overview
10.3 References
11 IETF Documents
11.1 Request For Comments
11.2 Internet-Drafts
11.3 RTCWEB Working Group Internet-Drafts
11.4 Individual Internet-Drafts
11.5 RTCWEB Documents in Other Working Groups
11.6 References
12 IETF Related RFC Documents
12.1 Real-time Transport Protocol
12.2 Session Description Protocol
12.3 NAT Traversal RFCs
12.4 Codecs
12.5 Signaling
12.6 References
13 Security and Privacy
13.1 Browser Security Model
13.2 New WebRTC Browser Attacks
13.3 Communication Security
13.4 Identity in WebRTC
13.5 Enterprise Issues
14 Implementations and Uses
INDEX
ABOUT THE AUTHORS