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The emergence of a new scientific book series requires some
explanation regarding how it hopes to compensate the reader for the
discomforts it undoubtedly produces both in the realms of
informational input-overload and in the financial strain on
personal and institutional budgets. This series recognizes that
investigators who have entered neurochemistry from the biochemical
tradition have a rather specialized view of the brain. Too often,
interdisciplinary offerings are initially attractive but turn out
to recite basic biochemical considerations. We have come to believe
that there are now sufficiently large numbers of neurochemists to
support a specialized venture such as the present one. We have
begun with consideration of traditional areas of neurochemistry
which show considerable scientific activity. We hope they will
serve the neurochemist both for general reading and for specialized
information. The reader will also have the opportunity to reftect
on the unbridled speculation that results from the disinhibiting
effects on the author who has been invited to write a chapter. We
plan occasionally also to offer reviews of areas not completely in
the domain of neurochemistry which we nevertheless feel to be
sufficiently timely to be called to the attention of all who use
chemical principles and tools in an effort to better understand the
brain. B. W. Agranoff M. H. Aprison vii CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 POSSIBLE
ROLES OF PROSTAGLANDINS IN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM LEONHARD S. WOLFE 1.
Introduction 1 1. 1. Background 1 Names and Structures 1. 2. 4 1.
3. Biosynthesis 4 1. 4.
In the Preface to Volume 1, we stated: This series recognizes that
investigators who have entered neurochemistry from the biochemical
tradition have a rather specialized view of the brain. Too often,
interdisci plinary offerings are initially attractive but turn out
to recite basic biochemical considera tions. We have come to
believe that there are now sufficiently large numbers of
neurochemists to support a specialized venture such as the present
one. We have begun with consideration of traditional areas of
neurochemistry which show considerable scientific activity. We hope
they will serve the neurochemist both for general reading and for
specialized information. The reader will also have the opportunity
to reflect on the unbridled speculation that results from the
disinhibiting effects on the author who has been invited to write a
chapter. We plan occasionally also to offer reviews of areas not
completely in the domain of neurochemistry which we nevertheless
feel to be sufficiently timely to be called to the attention of all
who use chemical principles and tools in an effort to better
understand the brain. The contributions to the present volume
pursue these goals. We believe the series has set high standards
and has continued to uphold them. In accordance with the principle
stated in the last paragraph of the Preface Volume 1, we include in
this volume Koshland's "Sensory Response in Bacteria" (Chapter 5)."
This series has been directed at providing scientists possessing
considerable bio chemical background with specialized reviews of
neurobiological interest. Some have dealt with completed bodies of
research, while others consist of extensive reports of research in
progress, judged to be of current interest to the active
researcher. We have selected recognized scientists and allowed them
freedom to reflect and speculate in the field in which they have
achieved prom inence. We note with sadness the passing of Dr. 10rdi
FoIch-Pi, who served as an advisory editor when the series was
initiated. He played a central role in the development of
neurochemistry, as well as the creation of professional societies
and journals. He will be remembered fondly by all those whose lives
he touched. The editors acknowledge the cooperation of the Upjohn
Company in the preparation of the color plate included in this
volume. We also acknowledge the skillful editorial assistance of
Dr. Kenneth C. Leskawa. We are pleased to honor the retirement of
Dr. E. Martin Gal, a former advisory editor of Advances, with the
inclusion of a chapter by him in this volume.
The original premise of the Editors in initiating this series was
that there existed a readership ofneurochemists with considerable
biochemical back ground who would make use of a series dedicated to
both new develop ments and specialized reviews in neurochemistry.
Having selected our authors, we have offered them virtually
complete freedom to reflect and speculate in a field in which they
have achieved prominence. The response to the first two volumes has
been rewarding. The present one continues in this tradition. While
we have not attempted to publish specialized volumes, the present
volume contains two somewhat related chapters (Chapters 4 and 5, on
the role of amino acid neurotransmitters). The first three chapters
examine three diverse approaches, each of current interest, in
neurochemi cal approaches to the molecular bases of neuronal and
glial structure. B. W. Agranoff M. H. Aprison vii CONTENTS CHAPTER
1 2',3'-CYCUC NUCLEOTIDE 3'-PHOSPHODIESTERASE NEIL RAYMOND SIMS AND
PATRICK ROBERT CARNEGIE 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.
Assay of CNPase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. 1. Need for Activation. . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. 2.
Comparison of Assays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 3 3. Association of CNPase with Myelin . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3. 1. Historical. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3. 2. Subcellular Fractionation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 8 3. 3. Development. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3. 4. Mutant Mice
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 9 3. 5. Use as a Myelin Marker . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3. 6. Myelin-Related Fractions and
Peripheral Nerve Myelin. 11 4. CNPase in Nonmyelin Fractions. . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5. Activation and
Isolation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 13 5. 1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5. 2. Activation. . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . 14 5. 3. Solubilization and Fractionation. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 6. Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
19 6. 1. Substrate Specificity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
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