BODILY CHANGES IN PAIN, HUNGER, FEAR AND RAGE- AN ACCOUNT OF RECENT RE SEARCHES INTO THE FUNCTION OF EMOTIONAL EXCITEMENT by WALTER B. CANNON. Originally published in 1927. PREFACE: Fear, rage and pain, and the pangs of hunger are all primitive experiences which human beings share with the lower animals. These experiences are properly classed as among the most powerful that determine the action of men and beasts. A knowledge of the conditions which attend these experiences, therefore, is of general and fundamental importance in the interpretation of behavior. During the past four years there has been conducted, in the Harvard Physiological Laboratory, a series of in vestigations concerned with the bodily changes which occur in conjunction with pain, hunger and the major emotions. A group of remarkable alterations in the bodily economy have been discovered, all of which can reasonably be regarded as responses that are nicely adapted to the individual's welfare and preservation. Because these physiological adaptations are interesting both in themselves and in their interpretation, not only to physiologists and psychologists, but to others as well, it has seemed worth while to gather together in con venient form the original accounts of the experiments, which have been published in various American medical and physiological journals. I have, however, attempted to arrange the results and discussions in an orderly and consecutive manner, and I have tried also to eliminate or incidentally to explain the technical terms, so that the exposition will be easily understood by any intelligent reader even though not trained in the med ical sciences. My first interest in the conditions attendingpain, hunger and strong emotional states was stimulated dur ing the course of a previous series of researches on the motor activities of the alimentary canal. A summary of these researches appeared in 1911, under the title, The Mechanical Factors of Digestion. The studies recorded in the present volume may be regarded as a natural sequence of observations on the influence of emotional states on the digestive process, which were reported in that volume. W. B. CANNON. Contents include: CHAPTER I: PAGES THE EFFECT OF THE EMOTIONS ON DIGESTION 1-21. CHAPTER II: THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION 40-51. CHAPTER IV ADRENAL SECRETION IN STRONG EMOTIONS AND PAIN 52-65. CHAPTER V THE INCREASE OF BLOOD SUGAR IN PAIN AND GREAT EMOTION ...

One of Marxism's chief failings is its dependence on trans-historical categories. Theorists such as Jürgen Habernas also fall short by restricting their critique to the cultural sphere. This book extends the reach of critical theory and its key idea of intersubjectivity to the economic system. The economy is a realm of morality that social movements influence in the course of their struggles.

Drug delivery technologies represent a vast, vital area of research and development in pharmaceuticals. The demand for innovative drug delivery systems continues to grow, driving a variety of new developments. Drug Delivery Systems, Third Edition provides a comprehensive review of the latest research and development on drug delivery systems. Coverage includes liposomal, transmucosal, transdermal, oral, polymeric, and monoclonal antibody directed delivery. Each chapter provides a table of marketed and investigational products with numerous practical examples. The book also provides readers with a multitude of possible drug delivery systems that can be used to improve therapeutics, along with global and regulatory perspectives. This third edition contains a chapter on nanoscience and technology for drug delivery along with cutting-edge business intelligence and strategies. Written in a straightforward manner, the authors provide a global perspective on current and future advances and market opportunities. Supplying a cogent overview of the field and extensive guidance on where to get more information, it is an essential resource for anyone venturing into this area of drug development.

Marxism's chief failing is its substitution of a labour theory of value for the struggles of the labour movement. Consequently, Marxism rests on transhistorical categories that are vulnerable to his own critique of political economy. Jurgen Habermas and Axel Honneth seek to correct this by placing critical theory on a normative foundation. Unfortunately, they restrict this to the cultural sphere. By extending their notion of intersubjectivity to the economic system it can be viewed as an inactive form of morality which social movements influence in the course of their struggles.

The first detailed account of the way in which our bodies preserve their stability against the many disturbing forces they encounter, suggesting that the lessons to be derived from the body's wisdom might be applied to problems of social and economic stabilization.

Open urban spaces are an ideal stage for public events. An important prerequisite for their design in an increasingly heterogeneous multicultural cityscape is the relationship between design, use, and social function.The book documents both temporary as well as permanent installations of various kinds - from the open-air courtyard of a museum to the design of a river bank promenade, through to a city park.

While the First Arc covered ages 21-33, during his search for answers to life, the Second Arc of the Great Circle is about "Letting go" and letting God. This book brings us up to the present, with yacht deliveries out of Fort Lauderdale to Key West and to Lake Michigan. After meeting an instant friend there in Grand Haven, and then flying out to Bellingham WA, he feels led, after a summer of exchanging letters to hitchhike across Canada to see her. There's a life time of adventures there already. But God isn't finished with him yet. There are plenty more to come until he is happily married and raising his family in North Carolina. There thay have lived in the mountains, near the ocean and now on a top secret dirt road in between. This book is dedicated to his friend Frank who he sailed with from Bermuda to Majorca, Spain and back to Grenada. Two months each way as the Lord weaved this whole Great Circle with mercy and grace. Perhaps you will recognize that in your life as you travel with Peter.

This is a new release of the original 1943 edition.

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone!

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone

Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger PublishingAcentsa -a centss Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for e

This scarce antiquarian book is a selection from Kessinger Publishing's Legacy Reprint Series. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment to protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature. Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for everyone

Text extracted from opening pages of book: BODILY CHANGES IN PAIN, HUNGER, FEAR AND RAGE AX ACCOUNT OF RECENT RE SEARCHES INTO THE FUNCTION OF EMOTIONAL EXCITEMENT BY WALTER 11. CANNON, M. I)., C. B. GEORGE HIGr. INSON, PROH'SSOR Oh 1' IIYSlOLOGY IN HARVARD I MVLHSITY NEW YORK AND LONDON D. APPLETOX AM) COMPANY 1927 PREFACE Fear, rage and pain, and the pangs of hunger are all primitive experiences which human beings share with the lower animals. These experiences are properly classed as among the most powerful that determine the action of men and beasts. A knowledge of the conditions which attend these experiences, therefore, is of general and fundamental importance in the interpretation of behavior. During the past four years there has been conducted, in the Harvard Physiological Laboratory, a series of in vestigations concerned with the bodily changes which occur in conjunction with pain, hunger and the major emotions. A group of remarkable alterations in the bodily economy have been discovered, all of which can reasonably be regarded as responses that are nicely adapted to the individual's welfare and preservation. Because these physiological adaptations are interesting both in themselves and in their interpretation, not only to physiologists and psychologists, but to others as well, it has seemed worth while to gather together in con venient form the original accounts of the experiments, which have been published in various American medical and physiological journals. I have, however, attempted to arrange the results and discussions in an orderly and consecutive manner, and I have tried also to elim vii Vlll PREFACE mate or incidentally to explain the technical terms, so that theexposition will be easily understood by any intelligent reader even though not trained in the med ical sciences. My first interest in the conditions attending pain, hunger and strong emotional states was stimulated dur ing the course of a previous series of researches on the motor activities of the alimentary canal. A summary of these researches appeared in 1911, under the title, The Mechanical Factors of Digestion. The studies recorded in the present volume may be regarded as a natural sequence of observations on the influence of emotional states on the digestive process, which were reported in that volume. W. B. CANNON. Boston, Mass. CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGES THE EFFECT OF THE EMOTIONS ON DIGESTION Emotions favorable to normal secretion of the digestive juices Emotions unfavorable to normal secretion of the digestive juices Emotions favorable and un favorable to contractions of the stomach and in testines The disturbing effect of pain on di gestion 1-21 CIIAPTEK II THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE VIS CERAt NERVES CONCERNED IN EMOTIONS The outlying neurones The three divisions of the out lying neurones The extensive distribution of neu rones of the sympathetic or thoracico-lumbar di vision and their arrangement for diffuse action The arrangement of neurones of the cranial and sacral divisions for specific action The cranial division a conserver of bodily resources The sacral division a group of mechanisms for emptying The sympa thetic division antagonistic to both the cranial and the sacral Neurones of the sympathetic division and adrenal secretion have the same action 22-39 ix x CONTENTS CHAPTEE III PAGES METHODS OF DEMONSTRATING ADRENAL SECRE TION AND ITS NERVOUS CONTROL The evidencethat splanchnic stimulation induces ad renal secretion The question of adrenal secretion in emotional excitement The method of securing blood from near the adrenal veins The method of testing the blood for adrenin 40-51 CHAPTEE IV ADRENAL SECRETION IN STRONG EMOTIONS AND PAIN The evidence that adrenal secretion is increased in emo tional excitement The evidence that adrenal secre tion is increased by painful stimulation Confirma tion of our results by other observers .... 52-65 CHAPTEE V THE INCREASE OF BLOOD SUGAR IN PAIN AND GREAT EMOTION Glycosuria from pain Emot

Text extracted from opening pages of book: BODILY CHANGES IN PAIN, HUNGER, FEAR AND RAGE AX ACCOUNT OF RECENT RE SEARCHES INTO THE FUNCTION OF EMOTIONAL EXCITEMENT BY WALTER 11. CANNON, M. I)., C. B. GEORGE HIGr. INSON, PROH'SSOR Oh 1' IIYSlOLOGY IN HARVARD I MVLHSITY NEW YORK AND LONDON D. APPLETOX AM) COMPANY 1927 PREFACE Fear, rage and pain, and the pangs of hunger are all primitive experiences which human beings share with the lower animals. These experiences are properly classed as among the most powerful that determine the action of men and beasts. A knowledge of the conditions which attend these experiences, therefore, is of general and fundamental importance in the interpretation of behavior. During the past four years there has been conducted, in the Harvard Physiological Laboratory, a series of in vestigations concerned with the bodily changes which occur in conjunction with pain, hunger and the major emotions. A group of remarkable alterations in the bodily economy have been discovered, all of which can reasonably be regarded as responses that are nicely adapted to the individual's welfare and preservation. Because these physiological adaptations are interesting both in themselves and in their interpretation, not only to physiologists and psychologists, but to others as well, it has seemed worth while to gather together in con venient form the original accounts of the experiments, which have been published in various American medical and physiological journals. I have, however, attempted to arrange the results and discussions in an orderly and consecutive manner, and I have tried also to elim vii Vlll PREFACE mate or incidentally to explain the technical terms, so that theexposition will be easily understood by any intelligent reader even though not trained in the med ical sciences. My first interest in the conditions attending pain, hunger and strong emotional states was stimulated dur ing the course of a previous series of researches on the motor activities of the alimentary canal. A summary of these researches appeared in 1911, under the title, The Mechanical Factors of Digestion. The studies recorded in the present volume may be regarded as a natural sequence of observations on the influence of emotional states on the digestive process, which were reported in that volume. W. B. CANNON. Boston, Mass. CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGES THE EFFECT OF THE EMOTIONS ON DIGESTION Emotions favorable to normal secretion of the digestive juices Emotions unfavorable to normal secretion of the digestive juices Emotions favorable and un favorable to contractions of the stomach and in testines The disturbing effect of pain on di gestion 1-21 CIIAPTEK II THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE VIS CERAt NERVES CONCERNED IN EMOTIONS The outlying neurones The three divisions of the out lying neurones The extensive distribution of neu rones of the sympathetic or thoracico-lumbar di vision and their arrangement for diffuse action The arrangement of neurones of the cranial and sacral divisions for specific action The cranial division a conserver of bodily resources The sacral division a group of mechanisms for emptying The sympa thetic division antagonistic to both the cranial and the sacral Neurones of the sympathetic division and adrenal secretion have the same action 22-39 ix x CONTENTS CHAPTEE III PAGES METHODS OF DEMONSTRATING ADRENAL SECRE TION AND ITS NERVOUS CONTROL The evidencethat splanchnic stimulation induces ad renal secretion The question of adrenal secretion in emotional excitement The method of securing blood from near the adrenal veins The method of testing the blood for adrenin 40-51 CHAPTEE IV ADRENAL SECRETION IN STRONG EMOTIONS AND PAIN The evidence that adrenal secretion is increased in emo tional excitement The evidence that adrenal secre tion is increased by painful stimulation Confirma tion of our results by other observers .... 52-65 CHAPTEE V THE INCREASE OF BLOOD SUGAR IN PAIN AND GREAT EMOTION Glycosuria from pain Emot

Text extracted from opening pages of book: BODILY CHANGES IN PAIN, HUNGER, FEAR AND RAGE AX ACCOUNT OF RECENT RE SEARCHES INTO THE FUNCTION OF EMOTIONAL EXCITEMENT BY WALTER 11. CANNON, M. I)., C. B. GEORGE HIGr. INSON, PROH'SSOR Oh 1' IIYSlOLOGY IN HARVARD I MVLHSITY NEW YORK AND LONDON D. APPLETOX AM) COMPANY 1927 PREFACE Fear, rage and pain, and the pangs of hunger are all primitive experiences which human beings share with the lower animals. These experiences are properly classed as among the most powerful that determine the action of men and beasts. A knowledge of the conditions which attend these experiences, therefore, is of general and fundamental importance in the interpretation of behavior. During the past four years there has been conducted, in the Harvard Physiological Laboratory, a series of in vestigations concerned with the bodily changes which occur in conjunction with pain, hunger and the major emotions. A group of remarkable alterations in the bodily economy have been discovered, all of which can reasonably be regarded as responses that are nicely adapted to the individual's welfare and preservation. Because these physiological adaptations are interesting both in themselves and in their interpretation, not only to physiologists and psychologists, but to others as well, it has seemed worth while to gather together in con venient form the original accounts of the experiments, which have been published in various American medical and physiological journals. I have, however, attempted to arrange the results and discussions in an orderly and consecutive manner, and I have tried also to elim vii Vlll PREFACE mate or incidentally to explain the technical terms, so that theexposition will be easily understood by any intelligent reader even though not trained in the med ical sciences. My first interest in the conditions attending pain, hunger and strong emotional states was stimulated dur ing the course of a previous series of researches on the motor activities of the alimentary canal. A summary of these researches appeared in 1911, under the title, The Mechanical Factors of Digestion. The studies recorded in the present volume may be regarded as a natural sequence of observations on the influence of emotional states on the digestive process, which were reported in that volume. W. B. CANNON. Boston, Mass. CONTENTS CHAPTER I PAGES THE EFFECT OF THE EMOTIONS ON DIGESTION Emotions favorable to normal secretion of the digestive juices Emotions unfavorable to normal secretion of the digestive juices Emotions favorable and un favorable to contractions of the stomach and in testines The disturbing effect of pain on di gestion 1-21 CIIAPTEK II THE GENERAL ORGANIZATION OF THE VIS CERAt NERVES CONCERNED IN EMOTIONS The outlying neurones The three divisions of the out lying neurones The extensive distribution of neu rones of the sympathetic or thoracico-lumbar di vision and their arrangement for diffuse action The arrangement of neurones of the cranial and sacral divisions for specific action The cranial division a conserver of bodily resources The sacral division a group of mechanisms for emptying The sympa thetic division antagonistic to both the cranial and the sacral Neurones of the sympathetic division and adrenal secretion have the same action 22-39 ix x CONTENTS CHAPTEE III PAGES METHODS OF DEMONSTRATING ADRENAL SECRE TION AND ITS NERVOUS CONTROL The evidencethat splanchnic stimulation induces ad renal secretion The question of adrenal secretion in emotional excitement The method of securing blood from near the adrenal veins The method of testing the blood for adrenin 40-51 CHAPTEE IV ADRENAL SECRETION IN STRONG EMOTIONS AND PAIN The evidence that adrenal secretion is increased in emo tional excitement The evidence that adrenal secre tion is increased by painful stimulation Confirma tion of our results by other observers .... 52-65 CHAPTEE V THE INCREASE OF BLOOD SUGAR IN PAIN AND GREAT EMOTION Glycosuria from pain Emot