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As an income contingent loans bill is considered by the US
Congress, income contingent loans (ICL) have risen to the forefront
of economic discourse. ICLs are collected through the income
taxation system and are repaid only when future incomes exceed a
specified level. ICLs were first introduced in Australia in 1989 to
help college students finance their tuition costs, and since then
many countries have followed this policy approach. Bruce Chapman,
Timothy Higgins and Joseph E. Stiglitz along with a host of
internationally recognised experts who have been instrumental in
impacting national policy in this field, explore the theory of
ICLs, and the prospect of applying the basic principles to many
other potential areas of social and economic policy such as paid
parental leave; recompensing poor countries for skilled migrant
emigration; legal aid for civil disputes; business innovation for
small and medium enterprises; out-of-pocket health care expenditure
needs; and for periods of unemployment.
The text describes an alternative approach to ICLs, which takes the
form of human capital contracts or graduate taxes, as well as
examining hybrid schemes that combine the attractive aspects of
both arrangements. Case studies are used to examine the prospects
for ICLs for higher education in Malaysia, Germany, Thailand, Chile
and Colombia, and there is discussion of the barriers for adoption
of ICLs in countries that lack efficient institutions for debt
collection.
A key message from the contributions is that in countries with
appropriate institutions for taxation administration, there are
considerable transactional efficiencies associated with ICLs. These
efficiencies, combined with the improvements in risk and incentives
that well-designed ICL programs can provide, suggest that such
programs can play an important role in a modern welfare state.
This watershed book by a leading Old Testament scholar presents an
alternative perspective in the ongoing debate about the formation
of the Hebrew Bible. It marshals all of the important
counterarguments to the standard theory of Old Testament canon
formation, showing how the Pentateuch and the Prophets developed
more or less simultaneously and mutually influenced each other over
time. The widely praised European edition is now available in North
America with an updated bibliography and a new postscript
reflecting on how the study of the Old Testament canon has
developed over the last twenty years.
Develops detailed understanding of the deposition and etching of materials by sputtering discharge, and of etching of materials by chemically active discharge. Treats glow discharge at several levels from basic phenomena to industrial applications—practical techniques diligently related to fundamentals. Subjects range from voltage, distributions encountered in plasma etching systems to plasma-electron interactions that contribute to sustaining the discharge.
This Companion offers a concise and engaging introduction to the
Hebrew Bible or Old Testament. Providing an up-to-date 'snapshot'
of scholarship, it includes essays, specially commissioned for this
volume, by twenty-three leading scholars. The volume examines a
range of topics, including the historical and religious contexts
for the contents of the biblical canon, and critical approaches and
methods, as well as newer topics such as the Hebrew Bible in Islam,
Western art and literature, and contemporary politics. This
Companion is an excellent resource for students at university and
graduate level, as well as for laypeople and scholars in other
fields who would like to gain an understanding of the current state
of the academic discussion. The book does not presume prior
knowledge, nor does it engage in highly technical discussions, but
it does go into greater detail than a typical introductory
textbook.
As an income contingent loans bill is considered by the US
Congress, income contingent loans (ICL) have risen to the forefront
of economic discourse. ICLs are collected through the income
taxation system and are repaid only when future incomes exceed a
specified level. ICLs were first introduced in Australia in 1989 to
help college students finance their tuition costs, and since then
many countries have followed this policy approach. Bruce Chapman,
Timothy Higgins and Joseph E. Stiglitz along with a host of
internationally recognised experts who have been instrumental in
impacting national policy in this field, explore the theory of
ICLs, and the prospect of applying the basic principles to many
other potential areas of social and economic policy such as paid
parental leave; recompensing poor countries for skilled migrant
emigration; legal aid for civil disputes; business innovation for
small and medium enterprises; out-of-pocket health care expenditure
needs; and for periods of unemployment.
The text describes an alternative approach to ICLs, which takes the
form of human capital contracts or graduate taxes, as well as
examining hybrid schemes that combine the attractive aspects of
both arrangements. Case studies are used to examine the prospects
for ICLs for higher education in Malaysia, Germany, Thailand, Chile
and Colombia, and there is discussion of the barriers for adoption
of ICLs in countries that lack efficient institutions for debt
collection.
A key message from the contributions is that in countries with
appropriate institutions for taxation administration, there are
considerable transactional efficiencies associated with ICLs. These
efficiencies, combined with the improvements in risk and incentives
that well-designed ICL programs can provide, suggest that such
programs can play an important role in a modern welfare state.
Decision making is a crucial element in the field of medicine. The
physician has to determine what is wrong with the patient and
recommend treatment, while the patient has to decide whether or not
to seek medical care, and go along with the treatment recommended
by the physician. Health policy makers and health insurers have to
decide what to promote, what to discourage, and what to pay for.
Together, these decisions determine the quality of health care that
is provided. Decision Making in Health Care, first published in
2000, is a comprehensive overview of the field of medical decision
making - a rapidly expanding field that includes quantitative
theoretical tools for modeling decisions, psychological research on
how decisions are actually made, and applied research on how
physician and patient decision making can be improved.
This Companion offers a concise and engaging introduction to the
Hebrew Bible or Old Testament. Providing an up-to-date 'snapshot'
of scholarship, it includes essays, specially commissioned for this
volume, by twenty-three leading scholars. The volume examines a
range of topics, including the historical and religious contexts
for the contents of the biblical canon, and critical approaches and
methods, as well as newer topics such as the Hebrew Bible in Islam,
Western art and literature, and contemporary politics. This
Companion is an excellent resource for students at university and
graduate level, as well as for laypeople and scholars in other
fields who would like to gain an understanding of the current state
of the academic discussion. The book does not presume prior
knowledge, nor does it engage in highly technical discussions, but
it does go into greater detail than a typical introductory
textbook.
This is a new release of the original 1947 edition.
Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of
rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for
everyone!
Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of
rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for
everyone!
Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of
rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for
everyone!
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