The increasing application of integrated circuits in situations where high reliability is needed places a requirement on the manufacturer to use methods of testing to eliminate devices that may fail on service. One possible approach that is described in this book is to make precise electrical measurements that may reveal those devices more likely to fail. The measurements assessed are of analog circuit parameters which, based on a knowledge of failure mechanisms, may indicate a future failure. . To incorporate these tests into the functional listing of very large scale integrated circuits consideration has to be given to the sensitivity of the tests where small numbers of devices may be defective in a complex circuit. In addition the tests ideally should require minimal extra test time. A range of tests has been evaluated and compared with simulation used to assess the sensitivity of the measurements. Other work in the field is fully referenced at the end of each chapter. The team at Lancaster responsible for this book wish to thank the Alvey directorate and SERe for the necessary support and encouragement to publish our results. We would also like to thank John Henderson, recently retired from the British Telecom Research Laboratories, for his cheerful and enthusiastic encouragement. Trevor Ingham, now in New Zealand, is thanked for his early work on the project.

Keith Hale returns to his small West Texas home town when his best friend from school, Andy, is murdered. Keith and his wife, Karen, decide to stay a couple of extra days after Andy's funeral to be support for Andy's widow, Laney. The three of them soon realize that Andy's murder may not have been random. It becomes apparent that its only the beginning. Laney has been carrying a secret for two decades that not even her late husband knew about. Eventually, they will all have to fight for their lives. Through it all, Keith and Karen learn that the life they have worked so hard to create may not really be what they want. The past never stays the past.