Graphene Based Biomolecular Electronic Devices outlines the fundamental concepts related to graphene and electronics, along with a description of various advanced and emerging applications of graphene-based bioelectronics. The book includes coverage of biosensors, energy storage devices such as biofuel cells, stretchable and flexible electronics, drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and 3D printed graphene in bioelectronics. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, it explores the synergy produced due to charge transfer between biomolecules and graphene and will help the reader understand the promising bioelectronic applications of graphene-based devices. Graphene has applications in semiconductor electronics, replacing the use of traditional silicon-based devices due to its semi-metallic nature and tuneable energy band gap properties. The tuning of electron transfer with redox properties of biomolecules could potentially lead to the development of miniaturized bioelectronic devices. Thus, graphene, with its unique sensing characteristics, has emerged as an attractive material to produce biomolecular electronic devices.

Nanomaterials for Biosensors: Fundamentals and Applications provides a detailed summary of the main nanomaterials used in biosensing and their application. It covers recent developments in nanomaterials for the fabrication of biosensor devices for healthcare diagnostics, food freshness and bioprocessing. The various processes used for synthesis and characterization of nanostructured materials are examined, along with the design and fabrication of bioelectronic devices using nanostructured materials as building blocks. Users will find the fundamentals of the main nanomaterials used in biosensing, helping them visualize a systematic and coherent picture of how nanomaterials are used in biosensors. The book also addresses the role of bio-conjugation of nanomaterials in the construction of nano-biointerfaces for application in biosensors. Such applications, including metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, nanocomposites, carbon nanotubes, conducting polymers and plasmonic nanostructures in biosensing are discussed relative to each nanomaterial concerned. Finally, recent advancements in protein functionalized nanomaterials for cancer diagnostics and bio-imaging are also included.

A biosensor is an integrated bioanalytical device that employs biological elements as an analyte sensor which coupled to a transducer for signal detection. Biosensor provides sensitive and selective determination of various compounds of analytical relevance. Recently, use of nanomaterials is gaining attention as biosensor matrix. Nanomaterials provide biocompatible environment to immobilize biomolecules and facilitate electron transfer for biosensor fabrication. Enzyme electrodes based on glucose oxidase (GOx)have played a leading role in the move to simple easy-to-use blood sugar testing and are expected to play a similar role in going forward continuous glucose monitoring. The present book highlights the preparation, characterization and application of nanomaterials and their composites for development of glucose biosensor. The fabricated bioelectrodes were tested for various parameters like pH, temperature, interferents etc and have been utilized for glucose estimation. The results indicate that the nanomaterials and their composites provide useful matrices for the fabrication of commercial glucose sensing bioelectrodes.

A biosensor is an integrated bioanalytical device that employs biological elements, as analyte sensor, coupled to a transducer for signal detection. Biosensor provides sensitive and selective determination of various compounds of analytical relevance. Recently, use of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) is gaining attention as biosensor matrix. SAM provides a simple route to functionalize electrode surfaces for biosensor fabrication. The alarming rise in the rates of heart diseases due to abnormal levels of cholesterol in blood has stimulated public concern about the estimation of cholesterol level in desired sample. The present book highlights the preparation, characterization and application of some SAMs for immobilization of cholesterol oxidase, cholesterol esterase & horseradish peroxidase for development of cholesterol biosensor. The fabricated bioelectrodes were tested for various parameters like pH, temperature, interferents etc. and have been utilized for free and total cholesterol estimation in solution & serum samples. The results indicate that the SAMs are likely to provide useful matrices for the fabrication of commercial cholesterol sensing bioelectrodes.

Nucleic acid biosensors have been found to have interesting possibilities for applications in various fields including environmental and medical screening. The two types of analysis used for the nucleic acid biosensors are: (a) detection of genotoxicants/ DNA damage (b) detection of DNA hybridization. For the detection of genotoxicants, the double stranded calf thymus DNA has been electrochemically entrapped into conducting polymers like Polypyrrole (PPy) and Polyaniline (PANI) films to detect chlorpyrifos and malathion. Compared to DNA-PPy, DNA-PANI electrodes have better detection limit for chlorpyrifos and malathion (0.5 ppb and 0.01 ppm, respectively) within 30s, and are stable for about 6 months. The PNA and DNA probes specific to M. tuberculosis have been immobilized onto the PPy and PANI films prepared onto ITO glass for detection of complementary target. The obtained detection limit is about 0.1attomole within 30s and electrodes could detect the genomic DNA of M. tuberculosis in serum samples up to 2.5 pg/ l within about 60s at 300 C and can be used 8-9 times.