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We all dream; we all share these strange experiences that infuse
our nights. But we only know of those nightly adventures when we
decide to represent them. In the long history of coming to terms
with dreams there seem to be two different ways of delineating our
forays into the world of the unconscious: One is the attempt of
interpreting, of unveiling the hidden meaning of dreams. The other
one is not so much concerned with the relation of dream and
meaning, of dream and reality, it rather concentrates on trying to
find means of representation for this extremely productive force
that determines our sleep. The essays collected in this book
explore both attempts. They follow debates in philosophy and
psychoanalysis and they study literature, theatre, dance, film, and
photography.
Technological change is about more than inventions. This concise
history of the Industrial Revolution places the eighteenth-century
British Industrial Revolution in global context, locating its
causes in government protection, global competition, and
colonialism. Inventions from spinning jennies to steam engines came
to define an age that culminated in the acceleration of the fashion
cycle, the intensification in demand and supply of raw materials
and the rise of a plantation system that would reconfigure world
history in favour of British (and European) global domination. In
this accessible analysis of the classic case of rapid and
revolutionary technological change, Barbara Hahn takes readers from
the north of England to slavery, cotton plantations, the
Anglo-Indian trade and beyond - placing technological change at the
centre of world history.
Technological change is about more than inventions. This concise
history of the Industrial Revolution places the eighteenth-century
British Industrial Revolution in global context, locating its
causes in government protection, global competition, and
colonialism. Inventions from spinning jennies to steam engines came
to define an age that culminated in the acceleration of the fashion
cycle, the intensification in demand and supply of raw materials
and the rise of a plantation system that would reconfigure world
history in favour of British (and European) global domination. In
this accessible analysis of the classic case of rapid and
revolutionary technological change, Barbara Hahn takes readers from
the north of England to slavery, cotton plantations, the
Anglo-Indian trade and beyond - placing technological change at the
centre of world history.
The Cotton Kings relates a rip-roaring drama of competition in the
marketplace and reveals the damage markets can cause when they do
not work properly. It also explains how they can be fixed through
careful regulation. At the turn of the twentieth century, cotton
was still the major agricultural product of the American South and
an important commodity for world industry. Key to marketing cotton
were futures contracts, traded at exchanges in New York and New
Orleans. Futures contracts had the potential to hedge risk and
reduce price volatility, but only if the markets in which they were
traded worked properly. Increasing corruption on the powerful New
York Cotton Exchange pushed prices steadily downwards in the 1890s,
impoverishing millions of cotton farmers. The U.S. Department of
Agriculture tried to solve the problem with better crop predictions
and market information, shared equally and simultaneously with all
participants, but these efforts failed. To fight the cotton
market's corruption, cotton brokers in New Orleans, led by William
P. Brown and Frank Hayne, began quietly to assemble resources. They
triumphed in the summer of 1903, when they cornered the world
market in cotton and raised its price to reflect the reality of
increasing demand and struggling supply. The brokers' success
pushed up the price of cotton for the next ten years. However, the
structural problems of self-regulation by market participants still
threatened the cotton trade. More corruption at the New York Cotton
Exchange appeared, until eventually political pressure inspired the
Cotton Futures Act of 1914, the federal government's first
successful regulation of a financial derivative.
In den meisten Landern stellen Stadtzentren noch heute den
wichtigsten Standort von Einzelhandel und Dienstleistungen dar.
Allerdings zeichnet sich ein Wandel ab, denn durch Globalisierung,
Digitalisierung und veranderte Konsumgewohnheiten haben sich die
Anforderungen an den modernen Einzelhandel verandert. Die
Einzelhandelsunternehmen bevorzugen heute andere Standorte als noch
vor 50 Jahren, die traditionelle Rolle der Innenstadte ist damit
unter Druck geraten. So ist eine ausserst vielfaltige
Handelslandschaft entstanden, die in Groesse, Sortiment, Preislage,
Zielgruppe und Standort differiert. Das Lehrbuch ist nach dem
Akteursgruppenansatz der Wirtschaftsgeographie gegliedert, erganzt
um die Betrachtung von Standorten und Standortsystemen sowie einen
methodischen Teil. Es werden die Entwicklung der
Handelsunternehmen, das Konsumentenverhalten sowie der Einfluss von
Investoren, Planern und Politikern auf Standorte des Einzelhandels
auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene betrachtet.
Proceedings of the Brandeis conference on Jewish Germanists who
fled Nazi Germany and their impact on Anglo-American German
studies. Among the Jewish academics and intellectuals expelled from
Germany and Austria during the Nazi era were many specialists in
German literature. Strangely, their impact on the practice of
Germanistik in the United States, England, and Canada has been
given little attention. Who were they? Did their vision of German
literature and culture differ significantly from that of those who
remained in their former homeland? What problems did they face in
theAmerican and British academic settings? Above all, how did they
help shape German studies in the postwar era? This unique and
important symposium, which convened at Brandeis University under
the auspices of its Center for Germanand European Studies,
addresses these and many other questions. Among its distinguished
participants--who numbered over thirty in all--are Peter Demetz
(Yale, emeritus), Gesa Dane (Goettingen), Amir Eshel (Stanford),
Willi Goetschel (Toronto), Barbara Hahn (Princeton), Susanne
Klingenstein (MIT), Christoph Koenig (Deutsches Literaturarchiv,
Marbach), Ritchie Robertson (Oxford), Egon Schwarz (Washington
University St. Louis, emeritus), Hinrich Seeba (UC Berkeley),
Walter Sokel (University of Virginia, emeritus), Frank Trommler
(University of Pennsylvania), and many more. The volume includes
not only the (revised) essays of the participants but also their
prepared responses, transcripts of the panel discussion, and
dialogue of the participants with members of the audience. Stephen
D. Dowden is professor of German at Brandeis University; Meike G.
Werner is assistant professor of German at Vanderbilt University.
New essays examining Goethe's relationship to the Jews, and the
contribution of Jewish scholars to the fame of the greatest German
writer. The success of Daniel Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing
Executioners(1997) and the heated debates that followed its
publication exposed once again Germany's long tradition of
anti-Semitism as a major cause of the Holocaust. Goldhagen, like
many before him, drew a direct and irresistible line from Luther's
pamphlets against the Jews to Hitler's attempted annihilation of
European Jewry. This collection of new essays examines the thesis
of a universal anti-Semitism in Germany by focussing on its
greatest author, Goethe, and seeing to what extent some scholars
are justified in accusing him of anti-Semitism. It places the
reception of Goethe's works in a broader historical context: his
relationship to Judaism and the Jews; the reception of his works by
the Jewish elite in Germany, the reception of the 'Goethe cult' by
Jewish scholars; and the Jewish contribution to Goethe scholarship.
The last section of the volume treats the Jewish contribution to
Goethe's fame and to Goethe philology since the 19th century, and
the exodus of many Jewish authors and scholars after 1933, when
they took their beloved Goethe into exile. When a few of them
returned to Germany after 1945, it was to a country that had lost
Goethe's most devoted audience, the German Jews. KLAUS L. BERGHAHN
and JOST HERMAND are professors of German at the University of
Wisconsin-Madison.
"The Jewess Pallas Athena"--a line from a poem by Paul Celan. It is
a provocative phrase, cutting across cultures and traditions. But
it poses questions: How to reconstruct a culture that has been
destroyed? How to conceive of history after the catastrophes of the
twentieth century? This book begins in the mid-eighteenth century
with the first Jewish women to raise their voices in German. It
ends two hundred years later, with another group of Jewish women
looking back at a country from which they had been expelled and to
which they would never want to return. Among the many prominent
female intellectuals and literary figures Barbara Hahn discusses
are Hannah Arendt, Gertrud Kantorowicz, Rosa Luxemburg, Else
Lasker-Schuler, Margarete Susman, and Rahel Levin Varnhagen. In
examining their writing, she reflects upon the question of how
German culture was constructed--with its inherent patterns of
exclusion. This is a book about hope and despair, possibilities and
preventions. We see attempts at dialogue between Christians and
Jews, men and women, "Germans" and "Jews," attempts initiated by
these women that, for the most part, remained unanswered. Finally,
the book reconstructs the changing notions of the "Jewess," a key
word in modern German history with its connotations of "salons,"
"beauty," and "esprit." And yet a word that is also disastrous, in
which there culminated everything the dominant culture condemned as
dangerous.
A bold redefinition of historical inquiry based on the
“cropscape”—the people, creatures, technologies, ideas, and
places that surround a crop Human efforts to move crops
from one place to another have been a key driving force in history.
Crops have been on the move for millennia, from wildlands into
fields, from wetlands to dry zones, from one imperial colony to
another. This book is a bold but approachable attempt to redefine
historical inquiry based on the “cropscape”: the assemblage of
people, places, creatures, technologies, and other elements that
form around a crop. The cropscape is a method of
reconnecting the global with the local, the longue durée with
microhistory, and people, plants, and places with abstract concepts
such as tastes, ideas, skills, politics, and economic forces.
Through investigating a range of contrasting cropscapes spanning
millennia and the globe, the authors break open traditional
historical structures of period, geography, and direction to glean
insight into previously invisible actors and forces.
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