This book provides translations of the earliest Arabic autobiography and the earliest theoretical explanation of the psychic development and powers of an Islamic holy man (Saint, Friend of God).

This book provides translations of the earliest Arabic autobiography and the earliest theoretical explanation of the psychic development and powers of an Islamic holy man (Saint, Friend of God).

The Ocean of the Soul is one of the great works of the German Orientalist Hellmut Ritter (1892-1971). It presents a comprehensive analysis of the writings of the mystical Persian poet Farid al-Din 'At t ar who is thought to have died at an advanced age in April 1221 when the Mongols destroyed his home city of Nishapur in the north-east of Iran. The book, which resulted from decades of investigation of literary and historical sources, was first published in 1955 and has since remained unsurpassed not only as the definitive study of 'At t ar's world of ideas but as an indispensable guide to understanding pre-modern Islamic literature in general. Quoting at length from 'At t ar and other Islamic sources, Ritter sketches an extraordinarily vivid portrait of the Islamic attitude toward life, characteristic developments in pious and ascetic circles, and, in conclusion, various dominant mystical currents of thought and feeling. Special attention is given to a wide range of views on love, love in all its manifestations, including homosexuality and the commonplace sufi adoration of good-looking youths. Ritter's approach is throughout based onprecise philological interpretation of primary sources, several of which he has himself made available in critical editions.

Die Markenidentitat als gestaltbares Fuhrungs- und Managementkonzept auf der einen Seite und das Markenimage als wahrgenommenes Akzeptanzkonzept auf der anderen Seite sind die beiden Eckpfeiler des identitatsorientierten Markenverstandnisses, das seit Mitte/Ende der 1990er Jahre als vorherrschend gilt. Sieben Ansatze zur Erfassung und Beschreibung der Markenidentitat - namentlich die von Aaker; Bates; Burmann; Esch; Henrion, Ludlow & Schmidt; Kapferer sowie McKinsey - werden vorgestellt. Anschliessend erfolgt eine vergleichende Bewertung der Ansatze anhand von funf Kriterien. Im Fazit am Ende der Arbeit empfiehlt der Autor ein modifiziertes Modell."