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This book presents a thorough review of the state-of-knowledge and
recent innovations in the synthesis of pure and improved grades of
fly ash zeolites (FAZ). Addressing improvements to conventional
methods, it also showcases a novel technique for the synthesis of
high cation exchangers from fly ash and detailed characterization
techniques for the products obtained. In addition, it examines in
detail various areas of specific applications of fly ash zeolites.
Over the years, several methods such as hydrothermal, fusion prior
to hydrothermal, microwave assisted hydrothermal and molten salt
techniques for producing FAZ have been developed. However, one-step
and two-step reactions between the fly ash and alkali usually
generate alkaline wastes that may cause environmental
contamination. In addition, the separation of FAZ from the
partially activated fly ash (the impurities) remains a major
concern for researchers and industrialists alike. In view of these
challenges, this book presents a novel technique for three-step
activation (TSA), which focuses on recycling the fly ash-NaOH-water
reaction by-products until zeolitic residue is formed. The FAZ (the
final residue after third step reactions) synthesized in this
manner exhibits exceptionally high cation exchange capacity,
specific surface area and pore area. This book offers a
comprehensive compendium of reading material on fly ash and its
recycled product, the zeolites. Students at both undergraduate and
graduate levels, researchers, and practicing engineers will all
find this book to be a valuable guide in their respective fields.
This book presents a thorough review of the state-of-knowledge and
recent innovations in the synthesis of pure and improved grades of
fly ash zeolites (FAZ). Addressing improvements to conventional
methods, it also showcases a novel technique for the synthesis of
high cation exchangers from fly ash and detailed characterization
techniques for the products obtained. In addition, it examines in
detail various areas of specific applications of fly ash zeolites.
Over the years, several methods such as hydrothermal, fusion prior
to hydrothermal, microwave assisted hydrothermal and molten salt
techniques for producing FAZ have been developed. However, one-step
and two-step reactions between the fly ash and alkali usually
generate alkaline wastes that may cause environmental
contamination. In addition, the separation of FAZ from the
partially activated fly ash (the impurities) remains a major
concern for researchers and industrialists alike. In view of these
challenges, this book presents a novel technique for three-step
activation (TSA), which focuses on recycling the fly ash-NaOH-water
reaction by-products until zeolitic residue is formed. The FAZ (the
final residue after third step reactions) synthesized in this
manner exhibits exceptionally high cation exchange capacity,
specific surface area and pore area. This book offers a
comprehensive compendium of reading material on fly ash and its
recycled product, the zeolites. Students at both undergraduate and
graduate levels, researchers, and practicing engineers will all
find this book to be a valuable guide in their respective fields.
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