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How are evidential functions distinguished by means other than
grammatical paradigms, i.e. by function words and other lexical
units? And how inventories of such means can be compared across
languages (against an account also of grammatical means used to
mark information source)? This book presents an attempt at
supplying a comparative survey of such inventories by giving
detailed "evidential profiles" for a large part of European
languages: Continental Germanic, English, French, Basque, Russian,
Polish, Lithuanian, Modern Greek, and Ibero-Romance languages, such
as Catalan, Galician, Portuguese and Spanish. Each language is
treated in a separate chapter, and their profiles are based on a
largely unified set of concepts based on function and/or
etymological provenance. The profiles are preceded by a chapter
which clarifies the theoretical premises and methodological
background for the format followed in the profiles. The concluding
chapter presents a synthesis of findings from these profiles,
including areal biases and the formulation of methodological
problems that call for further research.
This volume assembles contributions addressing clausal
complementation across the entire South Slavic territory. The main
focus is on particular aspects of complementation, covering the
contemporary standard languages as well as older stages and/or
non-standard varieties and the impact of language contact,
primarily with non-Slavic languages. Presenting in-depth studies,
they thus contribute to the overarching collective aim of arriving
at a comprehensive picture of the patterns of clausal
complementation on which South Slavic languages profile against a
wider typological background, but also diverge internally if we
look closer at details in the contemporary stage and in diachronic
development. The volume divides into an introduction setting the
stage for the single case-studies, an article developing a general
template of complementation with a detailed overview of the
components relevant for South Slavic, studies addressing particular
structural phenomena from different theoretical viewpoints, and
articles focusing on variation in space and/or time.
This book is a collection of articles dealing with various aspects
of the Baltic languages (Lithuanian, Latvian and Latgalian), which
have only marginally featured in the discourse of theoretical
linguistics and linguistic typology. The aim of the book is to
bridge the gap between the study of the Baltic languages, on the
one hand, and the current agenda of the theoretical and typological
approaches to language, on the other. The book comprises 13
articles dealing with various aspects of phonology, morphology,
syntax, semantics, lexicon, and their interactions, plus a lengthy
introduction, whose aim is to outline the state of the art in the
research on the Baltic languages. The contributions are
data-driven, being based on field-work, corpus research, and data
published in the sources not accessible to the general linguistic
audience. On the other hand, all contributions are informed in the
relevant contemporary linguistic theories and in the advances of
linguistic typology. Some of the contributions aim at a more
detailed, accurate and theoretically informed description of the
data, others look at the Baltic material from a more theoretical
point of view, still others assume an areal-typological or contact
perspective.
The volume presents new insights into two basic theoretical issues
hotly debated in recent work on grammaticalization and language
contact: grammatical replication and grammatical borrowability. The
key issues are: How can grammatical replication be distinguished
from other, superficially similar processes of contact-induced
linguistic change, and under what conditions does it take place?
Are there grammatical morphemes or constructions that are more
easily borrowed than others, and how can language contact account
for areal biases in the borrowing (vs. calquing) of grammatical
formatives? The book is a major contribution to the ongoing
theoretical discussion concerning the relationship between
grammaticalization and language contact on a broad empirical basis.
The status of grammaticalization has been the subject of many
controversial discussions. The contributions to What makes
Grammaticalization? approach the prevalent phenomenon from the
angle of language structure and focus on the interrelation between
the levels of phonology, pragmatics (inference), discourse and the
lexicon and some of them try to integrate the areal perspective. A
wealth of data from Slavonic languages as well as from languages of
other genetic and areal affiliation is discussed. The book is of
interest to linguists specializing in grammaticalization,
lexicalization and morphological typology, to language typologists
as well as to functional, historical and cognitive linguists.
This book is a collection of articles dealing with various aspects
of the Baltic languages (Lithuanian, Latvian and Latgalian), which
have only marginally featured in the discourse of theoretical
linguistics and linguistic typology. The aim of the book is to
bridge the gap between the study of the Baltic languages, on the
one hand, and the current agenda of the theoretical and typological
approaches to language, on the other. The book comprises 13
articles dealing with various aspects of phonology, morphology,
syntax, semantics, lexicon, and their interactions, plus a lengthy
introduction, whose aim is to outline the state of the art in the
research on the Baltic languages. The contributions are
data-driven, being based on field-work, corpus research, and data
published in the sources not accessible to the general linguistic
audience. On the other hand, all contributions are informed in the
relevant contemporary linguistic theories and in the advances of
linguistic typology. Some of the contributions aim at a more
detailed, accurate and theoretically informed description of the
data, others look at the Baltic material from a more theoretical
point of view, still others assume an areal-typological or contact
perspective.
Evidentiality deals with the marking of information source, that is
with means that specify how we come to know what we (think to)
know. For instance, such means indicate whether knowledge derives
from hearsay, or whether an inference has been based on perception
or on knowledge about habits. Often these indications are vague.
This book focuses on sentence adverbs and so-called function words
in Slavic languages. Six of them were subject of a questionnaire
survey, whose discussion, preceded by general methodological
background, occupies the second part of this book. The first half
contains a thorough consideration of notional links between
evidentiality and related domains, first of all of epistemic
modality, and it discusses the intricacies of doing lexicography of
evidential marking.
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