Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Do you want to improve the usability of your library website, but feel that it is too difficult, time-consuming, or expensive? In this book, you will learn that in-house usability testing on a budget is not only feasible, but it is practical, sustainable, and has the potential to lead to remarkable improvements of the content, design, and layout of your website. Usability Testing: A Practical Guide for Librarians will teach you how to: *Make the case for usability testing *Define your audience and their goals *Select a usability testing method appropriate for your particular context *Plan for an in-house usability test *Conduct an effective in-house usability test *Analyze usability test results and make decisions based on those results *Create and implement a plan for ongoing, systematic usability testing Step-by-step instructions, along with a myriad of examples, allow you to use this book as a practical guide, and adapt the techniques for your own context. Techniques are appropriate for libraries of all types, including academic, public, and special libraries.

The written word is our primary tool for communication - with colleagues, administrators, stakeholders, and users. Poor use of words can lead to misunderstandings and inefficiencies. Writing effectively will help you be a stronger colleague, manager, and librarian. In this book, you will learn how to: *Define your audience and your primary messages *Simplify your writing so that it is succinct and understandable *Structure your written content so that it is most usable and accessible to your audience *Approach different forms of writing in a way that is most effective to getting your message across *Establish a voice and tone that reflects the identity of your organization and yourself as a professional The book covers writing for both print and Web-based publications and is aimed at all types of libraries.

Modified atmosphere packaging may be defined as an active packaging method in which an altered atmosphere is created in the headspace that retards chemical deterioration while simultaneously retarding growth of spoilage organisms. Shelf lives of perishable products, such as dairy products, meat, poultry, fish, fruits and vegetables, and bakery items are limited by biochemical changes in the product catalysed by exposure to the normal atmosphere (21 % oxygen, 78% nitrogen and less than 0. 1 % carbon dioxide) and growth of spoilage organisms. Modification of the atmosphere within a package containing these products helps to better maintain the quality of the food under longer storage conditions and retards the growth of undesirable organisms. Of course, deterioration is also slowed by chilling, which is required for the transport to market of highly perishable items like meat, poultry and fish that would either spoil or have the potential for contamination by certain food pathogens. Chilling plus a modification of the atmosphere optimizes the keeping quality of food. Modification of the atmosphere has been known for over a century as a means of food preservation and has become a very popular means of food preservation in the latter part of the 20th century. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is practised extensively in Europe, Canada and the USo Both vacuum packaging (rem oval of air from the package) and addition of gases within the package are considered MAP.

Modified atmospheres are used to preserve foods without the need for unwanted preservatives. This book covers the subject from an industrial perspective and explains both how the technology works, and how it can be used. The editor and authors all have extensive practical knowledge of the subject and are world recognized authorities in the field. The new edition contains four new chapters and around 50% new material overall.