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The final text of the Book of Micah provokes a series of questions:
- Can the Book be read as a coherent composition or is it the
result of a complex redaction history? - Was Micah a prophet of
doom whose literary heritage was later softened by the inclusion of
oracles of salvation? The essays in this book center around these
questions. Some of them are of a more general character, while
others analyze specific passages. Some articles discuss the Book of
Micah by looking at specific themes (prophecy; religious polemics;
metaphors). The others are concerned with the proclamation of a
peaceful future (Micah 4:1-5); the famous moral incentive in Micah
6:8 and the question of prophetic and divine gender in Micah
7:8-13. They have two features in common: - A thorough reading of
the Hebrew text informed by grammar and syntax. - A comparative
approach: the Book of Micah is seen as part of the ancient Near
Eastern culture. All in all, the author defends the view that the
Book of Micah contains three independent literary elements: Micah
1: a prophecy of doom; Micah 2-5 a two-sided futurology, and 6-8 a
later appropriation of Micah’s message.
This collection of essays gives an insight into the problems that
we encounter when we try to (re)construct events from Israel's
past. On the one hand, the Hebrew Bible is a biased source, on the
other hand, the data provided by archaeology and extra-biblical
texts are constrained and sometimes contradictory. Discussing a set
of examples, the author applies fundamental insight from the
philosophy of history to clarify Israel's past.
This volume explores the afterlives of Eve and Adam beyond the
Genesis story. How did they become such a prominent part of
mainstream Christian thought and theology-and Jewish and Muslim
tradition as well-, and what forms did their story take as it was
told and retold? To investigate the traces of Eve and Adam through
the centuries is to discover a surprising variety of
interpretations. The chapters of this book come from eleven
European scholars. Bob Becking writes on how the identity of the
primaeval couple is constructed in Genesis, Geert van Oyen on Eve
as a character in the New Testament, Willemien Otten on Adam and
Eve in Augustine, Harm Goris on them in Aquinas, Theo Bell on them
in Luther. Willem van Asselt examines the Pre-Adamites in the
theology of Isaac La Peyrere, Heleen Zorgdrager considers Adam and
Eve in the theology of Schleiermacher, Susanne Hennecke focuses on
Karl Barth and Luce Irigaray looking at Michelangelo's The
Creation, Anne-Marie Korte on the Genesis story in a feminist
theological perspective, Eric Ottenheijm on Eve and 'women's
commandments' in orthodox Judaism, and Karel Steenbrink on Muslim
interpretations of their story.
Generally, readers have a negative idea of the Exile. Psalm 137 has
fuelled the idea that this was a time of sorrow and despair. This
image of the Exile influenced, for instance, Luther's ideas on the
Babylonian Captivity of the Church. The four essays in this volume
deconstruct and reconstruct this image. Bob Becking tries to
recreate a history of the exile. On the basis of the available
evidence, this could be no more than a fragmented history,
nevertheless showing that the fate of the exiles was not as bad as
often supposed. Anne Mareike Wetter reveals that the biblical image
of exile is multi facetted. She shows how a tradition of a people
tied to their God-given land was challenged by the reality of
foreign occupation. And how that people eventually succeeded in
translating this experience, appropriating them through a
transformation into a counter-tradition that enabled them to cope
with the new situation, without breaking entirely with their
cultural and religious heritage. Jewish ideas on Exile are
discussed by Wilfred van der Poll. He concentrates on the use of
the concept of galut, which refers to the paradigmatic and
identity-shaping function of the dispersion of the people of Israel
and showed that the exile in Jewish thinking had become a permanent
reality up until the present day. From the perspective of
intertextual reading, Alex Cannegieter discusses four texts of
varying ages and background - Augustine, Petrarch, Luther, and a
Dutch sermon held after the end of the Second World War. She
explores the ways authors chose biblical texts to appropriate them
a new context, thereby changing the meaning of the new, as well as
the source texts.
In this book, Bob Becking provides a comprehensive and up-to-date
overview of the origins, lives, and eventual fate of the Yehudites,
or Judeans, at Elephantine, framed within the greater history of
the rise and fall of the Persian Empire. The Yehudites were among
those mercenaries recruited by the Persians to defend the
southwestern border of the empire in the fifth century BCE. Becking
argues that this group, whom some label as the first “Jews,”
lived on the island of Elephantine in relative peace with other
ethnic groups under the aegis of the pax persica. Drawing on
Aramaic and Demotic texts discovered during excavations on the
island and at Syene on the adjacent shore of the Nile, Becking
finds evidence of intermarriage, trade cooperation, and even a
limited acceptance of one another’s gods between the various
ethnic groups at Elephantine. His analysis of the Elephantine
Yehudites’ unorthodox form of Yahwism provides valuable insight
into the group’s religious beliefs and practices. An important
contribution to the study of Yehudite life in the diaspora, this
accessibly written and sweeping history enhances our understanding
of the varieties of early Jewish life and how these contributed to
the construction of Judaism.
The view of ancient Israelite religion as monotheistic has long
been traditional in Judaism, Christianity and Islam, religions that
have elaborated in their own way the biblical image of a single
male deity. But recent archaeological findings of texts and images
from the Iron Age kingdoms of Israel and Judah and their
neighbourhood offer a quite different impression. Two issues in
particular raised by these are the existence of a female consort,
Asherah, and the implication for monotheism; and the proliferation
of pictorial representations that may contradict the biblical ban
on images. Was the religion of ancient Israel really as the Bible
would have us believe? This volume provides a comprehensive
introduction to these issues, presenting the relevant inscriptions
and discussing their possible impact for Israelite monotheism, the
role of women in the cult, and biblical theology.
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A new translation and commentary on the biblical book of Micah that
proposes a convincing new theory of its composition history
While the biblical book of Micah is most famous for its images of
peace—swords forged into to plowshares, spears turned into
pruning hooks—and its passages of prophetic hope, the book is
largely composed of prophecies of ruin. The historical Micah, who
likely lived in the late eighth century BCE, is the first recorded
prophet to predict the fateful fall of Jerusalem, and he also
foretells the destruction of the regions of Samaria and Judah, in
addition to the more well-known promises of Judah’s eventual
restoration. Bob Becking translates the Hebrew text anew
and illuminates the book’s most important elements, including its
literary features, political context, and composition history.
Drawing on ancient Near Eastern comparative evidence,
archaeological notes, and inscriptions, Becking surveys the debates
surrounding the book’s interpretation and argues that it be
regarded as three separate source texts: the early first
chapter; a large middle section containing a
proto-apocalyptic, alternating prophetic futurology collected and
molded by a later redactor; and an added section advocating for
legal reform under Josiah.
In this book, Bob Becking provides a comprehensive and up-to-date
overview of the origins, lives, and eventual fate of the Yehudites,
or Judeans, at Elephantine, framed within the greater history of
the rise and fall of the Persian Empire. The Yehudites were among
those mercenaries recruited by the Persians to defend the
southwestern border of the empire in the fifth century BCE. Becking
argues that this group, whom some label as the first "Jews," lived
on the island of Elephantine in relative peace with other ethnic
groups under the aegis of the pax persica. Drawing on Aramaic and
Demotic texts discovered during excavations on the island and at
Syene on the adjacent shore of the Nile, Becking finds evidence of
intermarriage, trade cooperation, and even a limited acceptance of
one another's gods between the various ethnic groups at
Elephantine. His analysis of the Elephantine Yehudites' unorthodox
form of Yahwism provides valuable insight into the group's
religious beliefs and practices. An important contribution to the
study of Yehudite life in the diaspora, this accessibly written and
sweeping history enhances our understanding of the varieties of
early Jewish life and how these contributed to the construction of
Judaism.
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