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This volume of Modern Aspects contains a remarkable spread of
topics covered in an authoritative manner by some internationally
renowned specialists. In a seminal chapter Drs. Babu, Oldfield and
Wieckowski demonstrate eloquently the strength of electrochemical
nuclear magnetic resonance (EC-NMR) to study in situ both sides of
the electrochemical interface via the simultaneous use of and This
powerful non-invasive technique brings new insights to both
fundamental and practical key aspects of electrocatalysis,
including the design of better anodes for PEM fuel cells. The
recent impressive advances in the use of rigorous ab initio quantum
chemical calculations in electrochemistry are described in a
remarkable chapter by Marc Koper, one of the leading protagonists
in this fascinating area. This lucid chapter is addressed to all
electrochemists, including those with very little prior exposure to
quantum chemistry, and demonstrates the usefulness of ab initio
calculations, including density functional theory (DFT) methods, to
understand several key aspects of fuel cell electrocatalysis at the
molecular level. The most important macroscopic and statistical
thermodynamic models developed to describe adsorption phenomena on
electrodes are presented critically in a concise and authoritative
chapter by Panos Nikitas. The reader is guided through the seminal
contributions of Frumkin, Butler, Bockris, Guidelli and others, to
the current state of the art adsorption isotherms, which are both
rigorous, and in good agreement with experiment.
Recognized experts present incisive analyses of both fundamental
and applied problems in this continuation of a highly acclaimed
series. Topics in Number 35 include: Impedance spectroscopy with
specific applications to electrode processes involving hydrogen;
Fundamentals and contemporary applications of electroless metal
deposition; The development of computational electrochemistry and
its application to electrochemical kinetics; Analysis of
electrolyte solutions at high concentrations; Applications of the
Born theory to solvent polarization by ions and its extensions to
treatment of kinetics of ionic reactions. GBP/LISTGBP
Integrating both theoretical and applied aspects of
electrochemistry, this acclaimed monograph series presents a review
of the latest advances in the field. The current volume includes
chapters on the mechanism of nerve excitation from an
electrochemical standpoint, the electronic factor in the kinetics
of charge-transfer reaction, and five other subjects.
Recognized experts present incisive analysis of both fundamental
and applied problems in this continuation of a highly acclaimed
series. Topics discussed include: A review of the literature on the
potential-of-zero charge by Trasatti and Lust. A thorough review
and discussion of nonequilibrium fluctuations in corrosion
processes. A wide-ranging discussion of conducting polymers,
electrochemistry, and biomimicking processes. Microwave
(photo)electrochemistry, from its origins to today's research
opportunities, including its relation to electrochemistry. New
fluorine cell design, from model development through preliminary
engineering modeling, laboratory tests, and pilot plant tests. A
comprehensive account of the major and rapidly developing field of
the electrochemistry of electronically conducting polymers and
their applications. These authoritative studies will be invaluable
for researchers in engineering, electrochemistry, analytical
chemistry, materials science, physical chemistry, and corrosion
science.
Number 25 of this acclaimed series breaks new ground with articles
on charge transfer across liquid-liquid interfaces, electrochemical
techniques to study hydrogen ingress in metals, and electrical
breakdown of liquids. Also included are articles on the measurement
of corrosion and ellipsometry, bringing these older subjects up to
date.
Recognized experts present incisive analysis of both fundamental
and applied problems in this continuation of a highly acclaimed
series. Topics discussed include: A thorough and mathematical
treatment of periodic phenomena, with consideration of new theories
about the transition between `order' and `chaos'; Impedance
spectroscopy as applied to the study of kinetics and mechanisms of
electrode processes; The use of stoichiometric numbers in mechanism
analysis; The electro-osmotic dewatering of clays with important
implications for the processing of industrial waste and
geotechnical; stabilization; Magnetic effects in electrolytic
processes and the electrolytic Hall effect; and The computer
analysis and modeling of mass transfer and fluid flow. These
authoritative studies will be invaluable for researchers in
engineering, electrochemistry, analytical chemistry, materials
science, physical chemistry, and corrosion science.
Integrating both theoretical and applied aspects of
electrochemistry, this acclaimed monograph series presents a review
of the latest advances in the field. The current volume covers ion
and electron transfer across monolayers of organic surfactants,
determination of current distributions governed by Laplace's
equation, and three other subjects.
Focusing on the state of the art of electrode process chemistry,
the contributors discuss a wide range of applications and provide
coverage of advances in quantum mechanical theory of electron
transfer and the mechanism of electrical passage through nerves and
batteries for motor vehicles. Annotatio
Prof. Jerzy Sobkowski starts off this 31st volume of Modern Aspects
of Electrochemistry with a far-ranging discussion of experimental
results from the past 10 years of interfacial studies. It forms a
good background for the two succeeding chapters. The second chapter
is by S. U. M. Khan on quantum mechanical treatment of electrode
processes. Dr. Khan's experience in this area is a good basis for
this chapter, the contents of which will surprise some, but which
as been well refereed. Molecular dynamic simulation is now a
much-used technique in physical electrochemistry and in the third
chapter Ilan Benjamin has written an account that brings together
information from many recent publications, sometimes confirming
earlier modeling approaches and sometimes breaking new territory.
In Chapter 4, Akiko Aramata's experience in researching single
crystals is put to good advantage in her authoritative article on
under- tential deposition. Finally, in Chapter 5, the applied side
of electrochemistry is served by Bech-Neilsen et al. in the review
of recent techniques for automated measurement of corrosion. J.
O'M. Bockris, Texas A&M University B. E. Conway, University of
Ottawa R. E. White, University of South Carolina Contents Chapter 1
METAL/SOLUTION INTERFACE: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Jerzy Sobkowski
and Maria Jurkiewicz-Herbich I.
Introduction.............................................. 1 II.
Molecular Approach to the Metal/Solution Interface............. 3
1. Double-Layer Structure: General Considerations .......... 3 2.
Solid Metal/Electrolyte Interface.......................... 8 3.
Methods Used to Study Properties ofthe Metal/Solution Interface:
Role of the Solvent and the Metal............. 15 The Thermodynamic
Approach to the Metal/Solution Interface 35 III.
No. 28 of this highly regarded series explores the fundamental and
applied aspects of electrochemical science. This volume features
two detailed studies on the rapidly developing field of
electrochemical surface science.
This volume of Modern Aspects contains seven chapters. The major
topics covered in the first six chapters of this volume include
fundamentals of solid state electrochemistry; kinetics of
electrochemical hydrogen entry into metals and alloys; oxidation of
organics; fuel cells; electrode kinetics of trace-anion catalysis;
nano structural analysis. The last chapter is a corrected version
of chapter four from Volume 35. Faisal M. AI-faqeer and Howard W.
Pickering begin the first chapter by going back to 1864 and
Cailletet who found that some hydrogen evolved and was absorbed by
iron when it was immersed in dilute sulfuric acid. The absorption
of hydrogen into metals and alloys can lead to catastrophic
failures of structures. They discuss the kinetics of
electrochemical hydrogen entry into metals and alloys. In chapter
three, Clyde L. Briant reviews the electrochemistry, corrosion and
hydrogen embrittlement of unalloyed titanium. He begins by
reviewing the basic electrochemistry and general corrosion of
titanium. He also discusses pitting and galvanostatic corrosion
followed by a review of hydrogen embrittlement emphasizing the
formation of hydrides and the effect of these on titanium's
mechanical properties. Christos Comninellis and Gy6rgy F6ti discuss
the oxidative electrochemical processes of organics in chapter
three. They begin by defining direct and indirect electrochemical
oxidation of organics. They introduce a model that allows them to
distinguish between active (strong) and non-active (weak) anodes.
Different classes of organic compounds are used for kinetic models
of organic oxidation at active and non-active type anodes.
From reviews of previous volumes: 'This volume continues the
valuable service that has been rendered by the Modern Aspects
series.'-Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 'Extremely well
referenced and very readable....Maintains the overall high
standards of the series.'-Journal of the American Chemical Society
This important review series began in 1954 at Academic Press. The
latest volume deals with scanning tunneling microscopy, the nickel
oxide electrode, radioactive labeling as an in situ method of
characterization of solid/liquid interfaces, metallic glasses,
reaction kinetics and mechanisms, and DC r
The present volume presents six chapters, two of them fairly brief,
covering both fundamental and applied electrochemistry. The latter
aspect has, of course, historical significance in the subject as
well as a major technological profile in recent decades, while
intimate connections between these complementary facets of the
subject have always been a driving force for its earlier and
continu ing development. In the Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry
series we have periodically included contributions from the several
schools of Russi n electrochemistry. This approach is continued in
the present volume by inclusion of the chapter by Benderskii,
Brodskii, Daikhin, and Velichko from the Frumkin Institute, Moscow,
on phase transitions among molecules adsorbed in the double-layer
interphase at electrodes. This topic has attracted attention for
some years through the works of the Russian school and of Gierst
and Buess-Herman. Such behavior is also related to the important
phenomenon of self-assembly of molecules in films at interfaces. In
Chapter 1, these authors give an account of the factors associated
with two-dimensional phase transitions and associated orientation
effects with polar adsorbates at electrode interfaces. The
theoretical interpretation of these effects are also treated in
some detail. Chapter 2, by Rusling, deals with electrochemistry and
electro catalysis in microemulsions, thus connecting aspects of
electrode kinetics, adsorption at electrode interfaces, and colloid
chemistry."
It is now time for a comprehensive treatise to look at the whole
field of electrochemistry. The present treatise was conceived in
1974, and the earliest invitations to authors for contributions
were made in 1975. The completion of the early volumes has been
delayed by various factors. There has been no attempt to make each
article emphasize the most recent situation at the expense of an
overall statement of the modern view. This treatise is not a
collection of articles from Recent Advances in Electro chemistry or
Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. It is an attempt at making a
mature statement about the present position in the vast area of
what is best looked at as a new interdisciplinary field. Texas A
& M University John O'M. Bockris University of Ottawa Brian E.
Conway Case Western Reserve University Ernest B. Yeager Texas A
& M University Ralph E. White Preface to VoluIJJe 8 The past
three decades have seen the rapid evolution of the transport
aspects of electrochemical engineering into a formal part of
electrochemistry as well as chemical engineering. With minor
exceptions, however, this subject has not been systematically
covered in any treatise or recent electrochemical text. The editors
believe that the treatment in this volume will serve the function.
In Number 20 of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, we present
chapters whose organization is typical for the series: They start
with the most fundamental aspects and then work to the more
complex. Thus, Jerry Goodisman gives us an interesting contribution
on a subject in which he is one of the pioneers, the electron
overlap contribution to the double layer potential difference.
Closely related to this theme, but not always imbued with knowledge
ofit, is the electron transfertheory, treated in this volume by the
experienced author A. M. Kuznetsov ofthe Frumkin Institute. H. P.
Agarwal is a well-known figure in the field of faradaic
rectification, which he originated, and he now teils us about the
more recent thinking in the field. On the other hand, Hector D.
Abruna comes relatively new to us, and his field, that of X-ray
interactions with electrodes, is new, too, but probably augers the
trend for the future. The photoelectrochemical reduction of CO2 ,
described here by Isao Taniguchi from Kumamoto University, is a
subject which will have much practical importance as the greenhouse
effect continues. Finally, alu mi nu m in aqueous solutions and the
physics of its anodic oxide is a subject which seems ever with us,
and is described in its latest guise by Aleksandar Despie and
Vitaly P. Parkhutik.
Recognized experts present incisive analysis of both fundamental
and applied problems in this continuation of a highly acclaimed
series. Topics discussed include: * A review of the literature on
the potential-of-zero charge by Trasatti and Lust. * A thorough
review and discussion of nonequilibrium fluctuations in corrosion
processes. * A wide-ranging discussion of conducting polymers,
electrochemistry, and biomimicking processes. * Microwave
(photo)electrochemistry, from its origins to today's research
opportunities, including its relation to electrochemistry. * New
fluorine cell design, from model development through preliminary
engineering modeling, laboratory tests, and pilot plant tests. * A
comprehensive account of the major and rapidly developing field of
the electrochemistry of electronically conducting polymers and
their applications. These authoritative studies will be invaluable
for researchers in engineering, electrochemistry, analytical
chemistry, materials science, physical chemistry, and corrosion
science.
Recognized experts present incisive analysis of both fundamental
and applied problems in this continuation of a highly-acclaimed
series. Topics discussed include: * The way in which
electrochemical systems may function as on a single electrode; *
The foundational area of voltaic measurements at liquid interfaces;
* Direct methanol fuel cells, which would avoid the unpleasant
necessity faced by the current general of fuel cells - namely,
using hydrogen; * Dynamic processes in molten salts; *
Electrochemical techniques and Microbial Induced Corrosion (MIC).
It is now time for a comprehensive treatise to look at the whole
field of electrochemistry. The present treatise was conceived in
1974, and the earliest invitations to authors for contributions
were made in 1975. The completion of the early volumes has been
delayed by various factors. There has been no attempt to make each
article emphasize the most recent situation at the expense of an
overall statement of the modern view. This treatise is not a
collection of articles from Recent Advances in Electrochemistry or
Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. It is an attempt at making a
mature statement about the present position in the vast area of
what is best looked at as a new interdisciplinary field. Texas A
& M University J. O'M. Bockris University of Ottawa B. E.
Conway Case Western Reserve University Ernest Yeager Texas A &
M University Ralph E. White Preface to Volume 3 Of events which
have affected progress in the field of electrochemistry, the
decision of NASA to use electrochemical auxiliary power in space
vehicles was one of the more important. Another important decision
was Ford's announcement of their sodium-sulfur cell for vehicular
use in 1969.
This volume of Modern Aspects contains seven chapters. The major
topics covered in the first six chapters of this volume include
fundamentals of solid state electrochemistry; kinetics of
electrochemical hydrogen entry into metals and alloys; oxidation of
organics; fuel cells; electrode kinetics of trace-anion catalysis;
nano structural analysis. The last chapter is a corrected version
of chapter four from Volume 35. Faisal M. AI-faqeer and Howard W.
Pickering begin the first chapter by going back to 1864 and
Cailletet who found that some hydrogen evolved and was absorbed by
iron when it was immersed in dilute sulfuric acid. The absorption
of hydrogen into metals and alloys can lead to catastrophic
failures of structures. They discuss the kinetics of
electrochemical hydrogen entry into metals and alloys. In chapter
three, Clyde L. Briant reviews the electrochemistry, corrosion and
hydrogen embrittlement of unalloyed titanium. He begins by
reviewing the basic electrochemistry and general corrosion of
titanium. He also discusses pitting and galvanostatic corrosion
followed by a review of hydrogen embrittlement emphasizing the
formation of hydrides and the effect of these on titanium's
mechanical properties. Christos Comninellis and Gy6rgy F6ti discuss
the oxidative electrochemical processes of organics in chapter
three. They begin by defining direct and indirect electrochemical
oxidation of organics. They introduce a model that allows them to
distinguish between active (strong) and non-active (weak) anodes.
Different classes of organic compounds are used for kinetic models
of organic oxidation at active and non-active type anodes.
Recognized experts present incisive analyses of both fundamental
and applied problems in this continuation of a highly acclaimed
series. Topics in Number 35 include: * Impedance spectroscopy with
specific applications to electrode processes involving hydrogen; *
Fundamentals and contemporary applications of electroless metal
deposition; * The development of computational electrochemistry and
its application to electrochemical kinetics; * Analysis of
electrolyte solutions at high concentrations; * Applications of the
Born theory to solvent polarization by ions and its extensions to
treatment of kinetics of ionic reactions. GBP/LISTGBP
Number 25 of this acclaimed series breaks new ground with articles
on charge transfer across liquid-liquid interfaces, electrochemical
techniques to study hydrogen ingress in metals, and electrical
breakdown of liquids. Also included are articles on the measurement
of corrosion and ellipsometry, bringing these older subjects up to
date.
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