A critical examination of the category of "Polishness" - that is, the formation, redefinition, and performance of various kinds of Polish identities - from a wide range of disciplinary perspectives. Inspired by new research in the humanities and social sciences as well as recent scholarship on national identities, this volume offers a rigorous examination of the idea of Polishness. Offering a diversity of case studies and methodological-theoretical approaches, it demonstrates a profound connection between national and transnational processes and places the Polish case in a broader context. This broader context stretches from a larger Eastern European one, a usual frame of comparison, to the overseas immigrant communities. The authors, renowned scholars from Europe and the United States, thus demonstrate that an understanding of modern Polish identity means crossing not only historical but also geographical boundaries. Consequently, the narrative on Polish identity that unfolds in the volume is a personalized and multivocal one that presents the perspectives of a wide range of subjects: peasants, workers, migrants, ethnic and sexual minorities-that is, all those actors who have been absent in grand national narratives. As such, the examination of Polishness sheds light on the identity question more broadly, emphasizing the interplay of pluralizing and homogenizing tendencies, and fostering a reflection on national identity as encompassing both sameness and difference.

In When Nationalism Began to Hate, Brian Porter offers a new explanation for the emergence of xenophobic, authoritarian nationalism in Europe. Focusing on 19th-century Poland, he traces the transformation of revolutionary patriotism into a violent anti-Semitic ideology. Instead of deterministically attributing this charge to the "forces of modernization", Porter argues that the language of hatred and discipline was central to the way "modernity" itself was perceived.

Religious history more generally has experienced an exciting revival over the past few years, with new methodological and theoretical approaches invigorating the field. The time has definitely come for this new religious history to arrive in Eastern Europe. This book explores the influence of the Christian churches in Eastern Europe's social, cultural, and political history. Drawing upon archival sources, the work fills a vacuum as few scholars have systematically explored the history of Christianity in the region. The result of a three-year project, this collective work challenges readers with questions like: Is secularization a useful concept in understanding the long-term dynamics of religiosity in Eastern Europe? Is the picture of oppression and resistance an accurate way to characterize religious life under communism, or did Christians and communists find ways to co-exist on the local level prior to 1989? And what role did Christians actually play in dissident movements under communism? Perhaps most important is the question: what does the study of Eastern Europe contribute to the broader study of modern Christian history, and what can we learn from the interpretative problems that arise, uniquely, from this region?

Jesus instructed his followers to "love your enemies, do good to those who hate you, bless those who curse you, pray for those who mistreat you" (Luke 6:27-28). Not only has this theme long been among the Church's most oft-repeated messages, but in everything from sermons to articles in the Catholic press, it has been consistently emphasized that the commandment extends to all humanity. Given this, the history of the Church in the 20th century presents a puzzle, because on numerous occasions Catholics have established alliances with nationalist groups promoting ethnic exclusivity, antisemitism, and the use of any means necessary in an imagined "struggle for survival." While some might describe this as mere hypocrisy, Faith and Fatherland attempts to explain precisely how Catholicism and nationalism have been blended together. Poland, a country where religious and national identity would seem to correspond so closely, is an ideal site for exploring this issue. It is usually taken for granted that Poland is a Catholic nation, but in fact the country's apparent homogeneity is a relatively recent development, supported as much by ideology as demography. To fully contextualize the fusion between faith and fatherland, each chapter of this book explores a keyword in modern Polish Catholic rhetoric (concepts like sin, the Church, the nation, and the Virgin Mary), ultimately showing how these ideas were assembled to create a powerful but hotly contested form of religious nationalism. By no means was this outcome inevitable, and it certainly did not constitute the only way of being Catholic in modern Poland. Nonetheless, the Church's ongoing struggle to find a place within an increasingly secular European modernity made this ideological formation both possible and (for all too many Catholics) appealing.

Carpentry and Joinery 3 is the third in a series of three books, which together provide an authoritative and thoroughly practical guide to carpentry and joinery for students following City & Guilds and CITB courses, NVQ candidates, and students working towards an Institute of Carpenters qualification. This book is also ideal for a wide range of amateur and professional woodworkers. Volume 3 builds on the fundamental knowledge introduced in volume 1, and accompanies volume 2 with coverage of additional advanced topics and procedures, including working with particular door and window types. The reader is shown how to apply the basic theory introduced in volume 1 to actual carpentry and joinery practice in a highly illustrated, easily accessible text. This second edition has been fully updated in line with changes to the Building Regulations and current legislation, the third edition also incorporates developments in current best practice, with a comprehensive match to the latest qualifications in Wood Occupations.

Carpentry and Joinery 2 is the second in a series of three books, which together provide an authoritative and thoroughly practical guide to carpentry and joinery for students following City & Guilds and CITB courses, NVQ candidates, and students working towards an Institute of Carpenters qualification. This book is also ideal for a wide range of amateur and professional woodworkers. Volume 2 builds on the fundamental knowledge introduced in volume 1, by covering more advanced topics and procedures, including machine tools. Essential 'back-up' topics are presented throughout the text to revise the key aspects covered in volume 1. The reader is shown how to apply this basic theory to actual carpentry and joinery practice in a highly illustrated, easily accessible text. The third edition has been fully updated in line with changes to the Building Regulations and current legislation, the third edition also incorporates developments in current best practice, with a comprehensive match to the latest qualifications in Wood Occupations.

The third edition of Carpentry and Joinery 1 is the first in a series of three books which together provide an authoritative but thoroughly practical guide to carpentry and joinery for students following City & Guilds and CITB courses, NVQ candidates, and a wide range of amateurs and professionals. Carpentry and Joinery 1 deals with the fundamentals of the subject from topics such as timber and wood preservation and protection, to a detailed outline of the tools available and information on the basic woodworking joints, adhesives and fixing devices. Books 2 and 3 show how to apply this fundamental knowledge. Details of craft theory, associated studies and practical procedures are integrated throughout each text. In this new edition chapters have been reorganised to produce a more coherent, student-focused course. All references to the Building Regulations and current legislation have been updated, and developments in current best practice have been incorporated.

The third edition of Carpentry and Joinery 1 is the first in a series of three books which together provide an authoritative but thoroughly practical guide to carpentry and joinery for students following City & Guilds and CITB courses, NVQ candidates, and a wide range of amateurs and professionals.

Carpentry and Joinery 1 deals with the fundamentals of the subject from topics such as timber and wood preservation and protection, to a detailed outline of the tools available and information on the basic woodworking joints, adhesives and fixing devices. Books 2 and 3 show how to apply this fundamental knowledge. Details of craft theory, associated studies and practical procedures are integrated throughout each text.

In this new edition chapters have been reorganised to produce a more coherent, student-focused course. All references to the Building Regulations and current legislation have been updated, and developments in current best practice have been incorporated.

Table of Contents

Preface * Timber * Enemies of wood and wood based products * Wood preservation and protection * Manufactured boards and panel products * Hand tools and workshop procedures * Portable electric mains powered hand tools and machines * Battery-operated (cordless) hand tools * Cartridge operated fixing tools (ballistic tools) * Basic static woodworking machines * Basic woodworking joints * Wood adhesives * Fixing devices * Practical projects * Index

This collective work challenges readers with questions like: Is secularization a useful concept in understanding the long-term dynamics of religiosity in Eastern Europe? Is the picture of oppression and resistance an accurate way to characterize religious life under communism, or did Christians and communists find ways to co-exist on the local level prior to 1989? And what role did Christians actually play in dissident movements under communism? Perhaps most important is the question: what does the study of Eastern Europe contribute to the broader study of modern Christian history, and what can we learn from the interpretative problems that arise, uniquely, from this region?

In When Nationalism Began to Hate, Brian Porter offers a new explanation for the emergence of xenophobic, authoritarian nationalism in Europe. Focusing on 19th century Poland, he traces the transformation of revolutionary patriotism into a violent anti-Semitic ideology. Instead of deterministically attributing this charge to the "forces of modernization", Porter argues that the language of hatred and discipline was cental to the way "modernity" itself was perceived.

Carpentry and Joinery 2 is the second in a series of three books, which together provide an authoritative and thoroughly practical guide to carpentry and joinery for students following City & Guilds and CITB courses, NVQ candidates, and students working towards an Institute of Carpenters qualification. This book is also ideal for a wide range of amateur and professional woodworkers.

Volume 2 builds on the fundamental knowledge introduced in volume 1, by covering more advanced topics and procedures, including machine tools. Essential ‘back-up’ topics are presented throughout the text to revise the key aspects covered in volume 1. The reader is shown how to apply this basic theory to actual carpentry and joinery practice in a highly illustrated, easily accessible text.

The third edition has been fully updated in line with changes to the Building Regulations and current legislation, the third edition also incorporates developments in current best practice, with a comprehensive match to the latest qualifications in Wood Occupations.

Table of Contents

Preface.

Site setting out.

Fences and hoarding.

Formwork (temporary work).

Turning pieces and arched centres – up to 1mm centres.

Ground floors.

Single upper floors.

Single timber flat roofs.

Roofs of equal pitch.

Partitions (non load-bearing).

Scaffolding.

Index.

Brian Porter and Reg Rose's book is the definitive reference for the NVQ courses in Carpentry and Joinery, and Bench Joinery, at levels 2 and 3. It sets out the fundamental knowledge and basic methods which recur throughout the courses. As a one-stop, practically-oriented reference, this manual is invaluable to the student and the resource centre. It covers all the background knowledge needed for NVQ joinery. It is presented in a user-friendly format with a wealth of diagrams and photographs to aid understanding. It will serve the reader long after the course is completed.

Carpentry and Joinery 3 is the third in a series of three books, which together provide an authoritative and thoroughly practical guide to carpentry and joinery for students following City & Guilds and CITB courses, NVQ candidates, and students working towards an Institute of Carpenters qualification. This book is also ideal for a wide range of amateur and professional woodworkers.

Volume 3 builds on the fundamental knowledge introduced in volume 1, and accompanies volume 2 with coverage of additional advanced topics and procedures, including working with particular door and window types. The reader is shown how to apply the basic theory introduced in volume 1 to actual carpentry and joinery practice in a highly illustrated, easily accessible text.

This second edition has been fully updated in line with changes to the Building Regulations and current legislation, the third edition also incorporates developments in current best practice, with a comprehensive match to the latest qualifications in Wood Occupations.

Table of Contents

Preface.

Prefabricated timber buildings.

External cladding.

Windows.

Domestic doors, frames & linings.

Domestic garage doors.

Domestic gates.

Stairs.

Wall trims and finishes.

Casing-in, falsework & wall panelling.

Joinery fitments.

Shoring and buildings.

Repairs and maintenance.

Index.