This edited volume explores the nature, scope, and consequences of the marketisation of higher education. Chapters identify different practices which reflect the marketisation of higher education, and offer various perspectives on the policies and procedures which stimulate and regulate it. The volume takes a holistic approach, following the notion that the marketisation of higher education both drives and is driven by the universities which form the higher education market.

This edited volume explores the nature, scope, and consequences of the marketisation of higher education. Chapters identify different practices which reflect the marketisation of higher education, and offer various perspectives on the policies and procedures which stimulate and regulate it. The volume takes a holistic approach, following the notion that the marketisation of higher education both drives and is driven by the universities which form the higher education market.

When immigrants leave their home country to live in a host country that has a different culture, the acculturation process begins. There is subtle cultural, social, and political pressure on immigrants to adopt the cultural values of the host nation. The acculturation process occurs over time. Exposure to a new culture is often stressful, as one is exposed to new values, beliefs, and behaviors that may be different from their home culture. Strategies for Cultural Assimilation of Immigrants and Their Children: Social, Economic, and Political Considerations increases awareness of the cultural assimilation process among parents, children, employers, and educators. This book discusses internal conflicts and promotes harmony and understanding. Covering topics such as civic literacy, mental health, and identity formations, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for sociologists, psychologists, government officials, educators and administrators of both K-12 and higher education, students of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

Industrial and organizational psychology (I-O psychology) contributes to an organization's success by improving the job performance, wellbeing, motivation, job satisfaction, and the health and safety of employees. Given the extent to which organizations today are increasingly comprised of employees from different cultural and language backgrounds, studying the cultural aspect of I-O psychology has become a necessity. The post-pandemic world in which the remote or hybrid workplace is becoming increasingly common adds importance to the multicultural perspective in the discipline due to the distances involved between employees and management. The Handbook of Research on Applied Multicultural Industrial and Organizational Psychology provides updated research on applied I-O psychology within a culturally conscious context that can be used for future research directions in the field by academicians and practitioners alike. Covering topics such as employability, motivation theories, and workplace culture, this major reference work is a comprehensive resource for I-O psychologists, business leaders and managers, entrepreneurs, human resource managers, government officials, students and educators of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

The global skills gap and labor market disruptions pose a significant challenge for organizations worldwide. Higher education, traditionally responsible for developing personnel, struggles to bridge the mismatch between the skills taught in academia and those demanded by employers. From fundamental communication skills to advanced problem-solving and collaborative thinking abilities, the deficiencies hinder organizations in an era of heightened competition. As a result, finding applicants with the right qualifications and competencies for available jobs remains a daunting task. Advancing Student Employability Through Higher Education offers a comprehensive solution to address this critical deficiency. This edited book brings together cutting-edge research and insights from employers and employees, serving as an invaluable resource for academic scholars seeking the latest research on employer requirements in an era of increasing global hyper-competition. The book provides practical strategies and innovative approaches to bridge the gap between academic instruction and real-world organizational needs. Covering a wide range of topics, such as industry-academia collaboration, educational innovation, learning analytics, and educational artificial intelligence (AI), it offers actionable recommendations. Through case studies and a focus on online learning effectiveness and training evaluation, the book equips students with the skills and qualifications necessary to thrive in today's global economy. Advancing Student Employability Through Higher Education empowers readers to tackle the challenges organizations face in the post-pandemic world. By leveraging the expertise of renowned scholars and industry practitioners, this publication enhances understanding of the intricate dynamics of the workforce. It provides practical guidance on talent acquisition, retention, and career development, enabling scholars, graduate students, and higher education professionals to navigate the evolving needs of organizations. With its research-backed strategies, the book catalyzes aligning higher education with the demands of the job market, fostering success for individuals and organizational growth in an increasingly competitive landscape.

Cybersecurity, or information technology security (I/T security), is the protection of computer systems and networks from information disclosure; theft of or damage to their hardware, software, or electronic data; as well as from the disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. The field is becoming increasingly critical due to the continuously expanding reliance on computer systems, the internet, wireless network standards such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, and the growth of "smart" devices, which constitute the internet of things (IoT). Cybersecurity is also one of the significant challenges in the contemporary world, due to its complexity, both in terms of political usage and technology. Its primary goal is to ensure the dependability, integrity, and data privacy of enterprise-wide systems in an era of increasing cyberattacks from around the world. Effective Cybersecurity Operations for Enterprise-Wide Systems examines current risks involved in the cybersecurity of various systems today from an enterprise-wide perspective. While there are multiple sources available on cybersecurity, many publications do not include an enterprise-wide perspective of the research. The book provides such a perspective from multiple sources that include investigation into critical business systems such as supply chain management, logistics, ERP, CRM, knowledge management, and others. Covering topics including cybersecurity in international business, risk management, artificial intelligence, social engineering, spyware, decision support systems, encryption, cyber-attacks and breaches, ethical hacking, transaction support systems, phishing, and data privacy, it is designed for educators, IT developers, education professionals, education administrators, researchers, security analysts, systems engineers, software security engineers, security professionals, policymakers, and students.

When immigrants leave their home country to live in a host country that has a different culture, the acculturation process begins. There is subtle cultural, social, and political pressure on immigrants to adopt the cultural values of the host nation. The acculturation process occurs over time. Exposure to a new culture is often stressful, as one is exposed to new values, beliefs, and behaviors that may be different from their home culture. Strategies for Cultural Assimilation of Immigrants and Their Children: Social, Economic, and Political Considerations increases awareness of the cultural assimilation process among parents, children, employers, and educators. This book discusses internal conflicts and promotes harmony and understanding. Covering topics such as civic literacy, mental health, and identity formations, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for sociologists, psychologists, government officials, educators and administrators of both K-12 and higher education, students of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

Cybersecurity, or information technology security (I/T security), is the protection of computer systems and networks from information disclosure; theft of or damage to their hardware, software, or electronic data; as well as from the disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. The field is becoming increasingly critical due to the continuously expanding reliance on computer systems, the internet, wireless network standards such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, and the growth of "smart" devices, which constitute the internet of things (IoT). Cybersecurity is also one of the significant challenges in the contemporary world, due to its complexity, both in terms of political usage and technology. Its primary goal is to ensure the dependability, integrity, and data privacy of enterprise-wide systems in an era of increasing cyberattacks from around the world. Effective Cybersecurity Operations for Enterprise-Wide Systems examines current risks involved in the cybersecurity of various systems today from an enterprise-wide perspective. While there are multiple sources available on cybersecurity, many publications do not include an enterprise-wide perspective of the research. The book provides such a perspective from multiple sources that include investigation into critical business systems such as supply chain management, logistics, ERP, CRM, knowledge management, and others. Covering topics including cybersecurity in international business, risk management, artificial intelligence, social engineering, spyware, decision support systems, encryption, cyber-attacks and breaches, ethical hacking, transaction support systems, phishing, and data privacy, it is designed for educators, IT developers, education professionals, education administrators, researchers, security analysts, systems engineers, software security engineers, security professionals, policymakers, and students.

The field of cybersecurity is becoming increasingly important due to the continuously expanding reliance on computer systems, the internet, wireless network standards such as Bluetooth and wi-fi, and the growth of "smart" devices, including smartphones, televisions, and the various devices that constitute the internet of things (IoT). Cybersecurity is also one of the significant challenges in the contemporary world, due to its complexity, both in terms of political usage and technology. Global Perspectives on Cybersecurity Risk in Contemporary Business Systems examines current risks involved in the cybersecurity of various business systems today from a global perspective and investigates critical business systems. Covering key topics such as artificial intelligence, hacking, and software, this reference work is ideal for computer scientists, industry professionals, policymakers, researchers, academicians, scholars, instructors, and students.

Critical race theory is an emerging transdisciplinary, race-equity methodology that originated in legal studies and is grounded in social justice. Critical race theory questions the very foundation of the liberal order including equality theory, legal reasoning, enlightenment, rationalism, and neutral principles of the constitutional law. It deals with a broad perspective that includes economics, history, context, group and self-interest, feelings, and the unconscious. Further study on this theory is required to understand its various implications across fields. Implication of the Critical Race Theory for Social Justice raises awareness of racial justice and social equity by discussing the history and future directions of critical race theory across disciplines. The book considers how the theory can be applied in various areas such as education, psychology, political science, and law. Covering topics such as dehumanization, social discrimination, and victimization, this reference work is ideal for social psychologists, lawyers, political scientists, researchers, scholars, historians, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had an overwhelming impact on business operations such as global supply chain management, remote work, emerging economic and financial models, and international expansion plans. It is essential to thoroughly analyze the current state of international business operations so that they may progress in this era of uncertainty. Analyzing International Business Operations in the Post-Pandemic Era provides a synthesis of multiple international business functions and issues in the post-pandemic era that culminated in a single volume based on empirical research, theoretical development, and business practice. It discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic has altered international business operations. Covering topics such as deglobalization, corporate behavior, and resilient global supply chains, this premier reference source is an essential resource for economists, business leaders and managers, entrepreneurs, government officials, students and educators of higher education, libraries, researchers, and academicians.

Businesses rely heavily on their culture to ensure sustainable success, and company culture is invariably influenced by national values. In an era of global hypercompetition, knowing the overall values that guide one's business ventures is crucial, as it allows for the greater understanding of other businesses and how they operate. Cultural Factors and Performance in 21st Century Businesses is a pivotal reference source that examines the relationship between culture and trade. Covering a broad range of topics including ethics, economic geography, and socialization theory, this book examines cultures around the world and their intersection with trade. This publication is ideally designed for executives, managers, entrepreneurs, social scientists, policymakers, academicians, researchers, and students.

In the past, practical applications motivated the development of mathematical theories, which then became the subject of study in pure mathematics where abstract concepts are studied for their own sake. The activity of applied mathematics is thus intimately connected with research in pure mathematics, which is also referred to as theoretical mathematics. Theoretical and Applied Mathematics in International Business is an essential research publication that explores the importance and implications of applied and theoretical mathematics within international business, including areas such as finance, general management, sales and marketing, and supply chain management. Highlighting topics such as data mining, global economics, and general management, this publication is ideal for scholars, specialists, managers, corporate professionals, researchers, and academicians.

In today's financial market, portfolio and risk management are facing an array of challenges. This is due to increasing levels of knowledge and data that are being made available that have caused a multitude of different investment models to be explored and implemented. Professionals and researchers in this field are in need of up-to-date research that analyzes these contemporary models of practice and keeps pace with the advancements being made within financial risk modelling and portfolio control. Recent Applications of Financial Risk Modelling and Portfolio Management is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the use of modern data analysis as well as quantitative methods for developing successful portfolio and risk management techniques. While highlighting topics such as credit scoring, investment strategies, and budgeting, this publication explores diverse models for achieving investment goals as well as improving upon traditional financial modelling methods. This book is ideally designed for researchers, financial analysts, executives, practitioners, policymakers, academicians, and students seeking current research on contemporary risk management strategies in the financial sector.

The progression of the independent states that were created after the collapse of the Soviet Union has become a prevalent area of research as these countries continue to make infrastructural strides. These regions possess vastly desirable natural resources including oil, gas, and minerals, causing this section of the world to have rising global importance as they continue to improve their economy, educational systems, and tourism industries. Economic, Educational, and Touristic Development in Asia is a pivotal reference source that provides a thorough examination of the contemporary progression of several recently formed countries within Central Asia. While highlighting topics such as hospitality marketing, anti-corruption reform, and entrepreneurship, this publication explores the technological, educational, and security enhancements being made in these areas, as well as how this region can strengthen its prosperity by strategically utilizing their globally-coveted natural resources. This book is ideally designed for economists, higher education faculty, provosts, chancellors, scholars, practitioners, policymakers, business professionals, marketers, restaurateurs, hotel managers, tour developers, travel agencies, government officials, strategists, educators, researchers, and graduate students.

The current world economy is interconnected; however, due to recent economic crises, trade deficits, and nationalist movements, there is a political trend of economic nationalism that is taking root in countries around the world. As such, global economies around the world are decreasing their international trade and introducing import tariffs and economic protectionism. International Firms' Economic Nationalism and Trade Policies in the Globalization Era provides a comprehensive understanding of the recent rise of economic nationalism in the context of the hyper-connected global economy by providing strategies and country-specific solutions for domestic and international firms. Covering how multinational corporations can overcome the protectionist sentiments while reinventing their corporate social responsibility models, it showcases how economic nationalism and globalization can successfully coexist. This publication is ideally designed for business leaders, economists, professionals, policymakers, researchers, and academicians.

While much thought has been given to how business leaders and managers can obtain the most productivity from Millennials (Generation Y) and subsequent groups such as Generation Z, the true challenge is far more complex. The workforce of the near future will be a multigenerational one, featuring members from between four and six generations in one organizational setting. This situation is made even more complex and challenging with the effect of today's globalization, which has created worldwide hypercompetition in organizations that often involves members from multiple cultures who speak different languages. How to effectively handle such a diverse population is increasingly a key concern for organizations of all types and sizes. Global Applications of Multigenerational Management and Leadership in the Transcultural Era is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of applying numerous leadership styles to effectively navigate generational compromise. While highlighting topics such as consumer behavior, leadership management, and workforce diversity, this publication is ideally designed for business scholars, managers, executives, human resources professionals, recruitment agencies, students, business professionals, and international business leaders seeking current research on communication strategies and the most effective ways to handle a diverse workforce.

Businesses rely heavily on their culture to ensure sustainable success, and company culture is invariably influenced by national values. In an era of global hypercompetition, knowing the overall values that guide one's business ventures is crucial, as it allows for the greater understanding of other businesses and how they operate. Cultural Factors and Performance in 21st Century Businesses is a pivotal reference source that examines the relationship between culture and trade. Covering a broad range of topics including ethics, economic geography, and socialization theory, this book examines cultures around the world and their intersection with trade. This publication is ideally designed for executives, managers, entrepreneurs, social scientists, policymakers, academicians, researchers, and students.

While much thought has been given to how business leaders and managers can obtain the most productivity from Millennials (Generation Y) and subsequent groups such as Generation Z, the true challenge is far more complex. The workforce of the near future will be a multigenerational one, featuring members from between four and six generations in one organizational setting. This situation is made even more complex and challenging with the effect of today's globalization, which has created worldwide hypercompetition in organizations that often involves members from multiple cultures who speak different languages. How to effectively handle such a diverse population is increasingly a key concern for organizations of all types and sizes. Global Applications of Multigenerational Management and Leadership in the Transcultural Era is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of applying numerous leadership styles to effectively navigate generational compromise. While highlighting topics such as consumer behavior, leadership management, and workforce diversity, this publication is ideally designed for business scholars, managers, executives, human resources professionals, recruitment agencies, students, business professionals, and international business leaders seeking current research on communication strategies and the most effective ways to handle a diverse workforce.

Designing buildings and physical environments depends on social structure, social needs, economic data, environment, and technological development. Planning these environments is heavily influenced by cultural and regional need, the existing environment, and the materials available. Reusable and Sustainable Building Materials in Modern Architecture is an essential reference source that discusses the shaping of building design through culture and materials as well as the influence of environment on building design. Featuring research on topics such as passive design, ecological design, and urban design, this book is ideal for academicians, specialists, and researchers seeking coverage on culture, environment, and building design.

The progression of the independent states that were created after the collapse of the Soviet Union has become a prevalent area of research as these countries continue to make infrastructural strides. These regions possess vastly desirable natural resources including oil, gas, and minerals, causing this section of the world to have rising global importance as they continue to improve their economy, educational systems, and tourism industries. Economic, Educational, and Touristic Development in Asia is a pivotal reference source that provides a thorough examination of the contemporary progression of several recently formed countries within Central Asia. While highlighting topics such as hospitality marketing, anti-corruption reform, and entrepreneurship, this publication explores the technological, educational, and security enhancements being made in these areas, as well as how this region can strengthen its prosperity by strategically utilizing their globally-coveted natural resources. This book is ideally designed for economists, higher education faculty, provosts, chancellors, scholars, practitioners, policymakers, business professionals, marketers, restaurateurs, hotel managers, tour developers, travel agencies, government officials, strategists, educators, researchers, and graduate students.

Multilingualism is becoming a social phenomenon governed by the needs of globalization and cultural openness. Owing to the ease of access to information facilitated by the internet, individuals' exposure to multiple languages is becoming increasingly frequent, thereby promoting a need to acquire successful methods in understanding language. Applied Psycholinguistics and Multilingual Cognition in Human Creativity is an essential reference source that discusses the psychological and neurobiological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend, and produce language, as well as its applications in human development, the social sciences, communication theories, and infant development. Featuring research on topics such as international business, language processing, and organizational research, this book is ideally designed for linguists, psychologists, humanities and social sciences researchers, managers, and graduate-level students seeking coverage on language acquisition and communication.

Change is an inevitable aspect of human life. As time goes by, certain processes and ways of doing things become inadequate. When it comes to economic systems, there is a need to review current models and revise them to meet new global demands in both developed and developing nations. Emerging Economic Models for Global Sustainability and Social Development is an essential reference source that discusses economic, political, and social environments in the modern age, as well as economic development in an era of global hyper-competition, dwindling natural resources, and a growing global skills gap. Featuring research on topics such as monetary policy, economic theory, and rural poverty, this book is ideally designed for business managers, policymakers, government officials, researchers, academicians, and upper-level students seeking coverage on theoretical and empirical models in economic behavior.

The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) is a regional organization that formed during the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. It has few supranational powers, but aims to be more than a purely symbolic organization, nominally possessing coordinating powers in the realm of trade, finance, lawmaking, and security. As such, it is vital to examine this region and its economic and geopolitical impacts on the world. Economic and Geopolitical Perspectives of the Commonwealth of Independent States and Eurasia is a vital research publication that explores the importance and influence of the Commonwealth of Independent States and Eurasia in the twenty-first century. Highlighting a wide range of topics such as sovereign democracy, economic integration, and foreign policy, this book is geared toward business managers, economists, business professionals, entrepreneurs, business analysts, and researchers seeking current research on the effects of political organizations like the CIS on various regions.