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This book examines the responses to U.S. power in the two areas of
the world where U.S. primacy was first successfully consolidated:
East Asia and Latin America. The U.S. has faced no comparably
powerful challengers to the exercise of its power in Latin America
for much of the past century. It established its primacy over much
of East Asia in the aftermath of WW II and extended its influence
in the late 1970's and after the end of the Vietnam War through its
entente with China to balance the Soviet Union. By contrast, the
U.S. has always encountered rivals and challengers in Europe, has
attempted unsuccessfully thus far to impose its primacy in the
Middle East, and has paid only intermittent attention to South Asia
and Africa.
This book examines the responses to U.S. power in the two areas of
the world where U.S. primacy was first successfully consolidated:
East Asia and Latin America. The U.S. has faced no comparably
powerful challengers to the exercise of its power in Latin America
for much of the past century. It established its primacy over much
of East Asia in the aftermath of WW II and extended its influence
in the late 1970's and after the end of the Vietnam War through its
entente with China to balance the Soviet Union. By contrast, the
U.S. has always encountered rivals and challengers in Europe, has
attempted unsuccessfully thus far to impose its primacy in the
Middle East, and has paid only intermittent attention to South Asia
and Africa.
In 1961 South Korea was mired in poverty. By 1979 it had a powerful industrial economy and a vibrant civil society in the making, which would lead to a democratic breakthrough eight years later. The transformation took place during the years of Park Chung Hee's presidency. Park seized power in a coup in 1961 and ruled as a virtual dictator until his assassination in October 1979. He is credited with modernizing South Korea, but at a huge political and social cost. South Korea's political landscape under Park defies easy categorization. The state was predatory yet technocratic, reform-minded yet quick to crack down on dissidents in the name of political order. The nation was balanced uneasily between opposition forces calling for democratic reforms and the Park government's obsession with economic growth. The chaebol (a powerful conglomerate of multinationals based in South Korea) received massive government support to pioneer new growth industries, even as a nationwide campaign of economic shock therapy-interest hikes, devaluation, and wage cuts-met strong public resistance and caused considerable hardship. This landmark volume examines South Korea's era of development as a study in the complex politics of modernization. Drawing on an extraordinary range of sources in both English and Korean, these essays recover and contextualize many of the ambiguities in South Korea's trajectory from poverty to a sustainable high rate of economic growth.
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