One of the major problems that confront the coffee planter is the difficulty in establishing young seedlings in the main field after transplanting. Many of the Scientists reported that, factors like slow growth of seedlings, long dry spells after transplantating and transplantation shock affect the establishment of young seedlings in the main field. In order to achieve healthy growth of young coffee plants during establishment stage, special attention should be given to balanced nutrition and after care. Although a great deal of research has been undertaken in the nutrition requirement of grownup coffee in many countries, only few studies exist on young coffee. Combination of F3 level of fertilizer (20:20:20 and 40:60:40 NPK g plant/year - arabica and robusta respectively), P2 source of phosphorus (50 % Rock phosphate + 50 % Single super phosphate), with microbial inoculants produced vigorous and healthy seedlings during pre bearing stage of arabica and robusta coffee varieties.

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is the oldest oilseed crop known and cultivated by man. Among the oilseed crops, sesame ranks first for having the highest oil content of 46-64 per cent and 6355 K cal per kg dietary energy in seeds. The seed of sesame is also rich in protein (20-28 %), sugar (14-16 %) and minerals (5-7 %).The specific reasons identified for the low yield of sesame in India is due to its cultivation under sub-marginal lands without due importance to the choice of appropriate season, high yielding variety, nutrient management and new agro-technological packages. One way of increasing the productivity in sesame is by increasing the number of branches leading to increase in total number of capsules per plant. Maintaining the plant population also plays a vital role in realizing the yield potential of sesame. Possibility of cultivation of sesame in summer season under irrigated condition wherever supplemental water resource is available had not been tried or practiced by the farmers of this region. Therefore, selection of suitable variety, time of sowing, appropriate geometry and agronomic technologies are importance for increasing the productivity of sesame in this region.

Freshwater is a finite and precious resource that is essential for sustaining life, as are the natural systems that provide and maintain its supply. Irrigation has been a vital input for food security and sustainable livelihoods, especially in developing countries during the Green Revolution, since it has increased income and improved health and nutrition, locally, and by bridging the gap between production and demand, nationally. As demand increases, this vital, irreplaceable resource is becoming increasingly scarce. A potential crisis is looming where available resources can no longer meet the growing needs. Over exploitation of groundwater by increased number of bore wells, culminates in seawater intrusion into the groundwater aquifers. To overcome such problems, the Governments of many countries worldwide have already recognized the need for transferring management responsibilities to water users. The major reasons for Participatory Irrigation Management Transfer are: improving irrigation system performance and productivity and programs of respective governments; enhancing the sustainability and reducing environmental impacts.