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By comparing Germany, France, the UK and the USA this study
explores how governments have tackled the increased pressure of
financing state pensions. Specifically, it looks at the approach of
each of these countries to raising the age of entitlement in order
to understand the ways in which this policy was introduced in
different countries.
Risk assessment is a highly important activity of numerous
governmental health and regulatory bodies. It is on the accuracy of
quantitative and qualitative measurement that the decisions of
government policymakers depend. Those decisions, of course, are
intended to manage risks. That management frequently involves
regulations over a wide range of individual and environmental
exposures. Bailar and his colleagues examine the methodological
challenges faced by federal agencies involved in risk assessment
and the sometimes controversial implications and consequences of
methodological considerations. The authors query how, given a
choice of methods, one is chosen; the role that method-related
issues and problems may have in the acceptance of risk assessment
findings; and what impact the controversies regarding methods have
on the role of risk assessment in overall risk management.
Ten hazards, as assessed by a range of federal agencies with a
variety of assessment methods, give topicality and specificity to
the analysis. Among the risks addressed are ethylene dibromide,
formaldehyde, passive smoking, and the use of mammography for
breast cancer screening. The authors conclude with a setting of
priorities for risk assessment because risks to human health
clearly outstrip resources available for accurate assessment.
"The response of an autocratic nation's armed forces is crucial to
the outcome of democratization movements throughout the world. But
how can military officers and defense officials in democratic
nations persuade their counterparts in autocratic regimes to favor
democratic transitions? Here, Admiral Dennis Blair confronts this
hard-edged challenge with a primer on the factors that affect
military behavior during democratic transitions. Military
Engagement makes the strong case for why the armed forces of any
country should favor democracy and why, contrary to conventional
wisdom, many military leaders have supported democratic transitions
in different regions of the world. Further, it explains why
military support, active or tacit, is essential to the success of
any demo cratic transition. Blair provides incisive commentary on
civil-military relations and outlines the foundational elements of
armed forces in a democratic country. He presents sound advice to
defense officials and military leaders in established democracies
that can be put into practice when interacting with colleagues in
both autocratic regimes and those that have made the break with
dictatorship. This succinct handbook analyzes democratic
transitions in five major regions and surveys the internal power
dynamics in countries such as Iran and North Korea, dictatorships
that are hostile toward and fearful of democratic influences. Blair
juxtaposes the roles, values, and objectives of military leaders in
autocratic nations with those in democracies. In turn, Military
Engagement highlights how crossnetworking with international
military delegations can put external pressure on autocratic
countries and persuade them that democracies are best not only for
the country itself, but also for the armed forces. Volume one of
this two-volume project provides the educational foundation
necessary so that military officers from established democracies
can raise their game in achieving effective dialogue on democratic
development. "
This textbook provides a comprehensive review of gynecological
imaging in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. Experts from the
disciplines of pediatric radiology, gynecology, surgery, and
endocrinology have come together to produce a textbook that, while
written primarily from the perspective of the radiologist, will be
of interest to all professionals involved in the management of
these patients. The normal development of the female reproductive
tract is described in detail through embryological development,
normal childhood appearances, and puberty. Congenital abnormalities
are addressed in chapters reviewing structural abnormalities of the
reproductive tract and disorders of sex development. A symptoms-
based approach is followed in chapters devoted to the assessment of
the patient with gynecological pain and disorders of menstruation.
Disorders of the breast and the imaging of patients with
gynecological neoplasia are considered in dedicated chapters. The
specialty of pediatric gynecology is evolving rapidly, drawing on
the skills and expertise of professionals from a wide range of
specialties. This textbook should prove valuable to all who are
involved in this new field of medicine.
Together With Four Of His Great Orations.
30-Day Prayer Focus is a daily guide that will help you uncover the
mystery of prayer. In it you will discover: The reason for prayer
The most important motivation to pray Keys to answered prayer
Pitfalls to prayer The different kinds of prayer And much, much
more 30-Day Prayer Focus is not a definitive guide to prayer, but
an invitation to embark on the adventure of a lifetime. The
adventure of knowing the one, true, living God.
When the 1st Marine Division began its invasion of Peleliu in
September 1944, the operation in the South Pacific was to take but
four days. In fact, capturing this small coral island in the Palaus
with its strategic airstrip took two months and involved some of
the bloodiest fighting of the Second World War in the Pacific.
Rather than the easy conquest they were led to expect, the Marines
who landed on Peleliu faced a war of attrition from the island's
Japanese defenders, who had dug tunnels and fortified the island's
rugged terrain. When the Marines' advance stalled after a week of
heavy casualties, the "Wildcats" of the 81st Infantry Division were
called in, at first as support. Eventually, the 1st Marines
Division was evacuated and the 81st Infantry secured the island.
Now Bobby C. Blair and John Peter DeCioccio tell the story of
this campaign through the eyes of the 81st Infantry to offer a
revised assessment. Previous accounts of the battle have focused on
the 1st Marines, all but ignoring the 81st Infantry Division's
contributions." Victory at Peleliu" demonstrates that without the
army's help the marines could not have succeeded on Peleliu.
Blair and DeCioccio have mined the 81st Division's unit records
and interviewed scores of veteran participants. The new data they
offer challenge the orthodox view that the 81st Infantry merely
mopped up an already broken enemy. Allowing their interviewees to
tell much of the story, the authors also give a human face to a
brutal battle.
Although American efforts in the Palau Islands proved largely
unnecessary to ultimately defeating the Japanese, the lessons
learned on Peleliu were crucial in subsequent fighting on Iwo Jima
and Okinawa. The 81st Infantry's contributions are now part of that
larger story.
With the bulk of asteroids floating in space between the orbits of
Mars and Jupiter, astronomers puzzle over where these rocks came
from. Are they the remnants of a planet? Excess not used in the
formation of the Solar System? Nothing more than random bits of
debris? The location of the belt makes for a quasi-barrier
separating the inner from the outer planets. Perhaps asteroids were
meant to discourage human space exploration. NASA has sent missions
to explore the asteroid belt and the rocks themselves, and those
missions have yielded some interesting observations on the
composition of the asteroids but no definitive answer as to their
origin. Earth-based tools such as telescopes and satellites also
contribute to asteroid research but cannot plumb the depths behind
these varied chunks of flotsam. Presented in this book is a list of
carefully chosen abstracts and citations of relevant literature
about asteroids and the research into them. Prior to this listing,
though, comes an overview of the nature of the asteroids and what
we know now about them and what we hope to discover in the future.
Such a collection makes for a valuable resource in the study of
space and the lifeless but mysterious rocks inhabiting the solar
system. To conclude, easy access is provided through author, title,
and subject indexes.
"""This handbook is about the role of armed forces in the support
and spread of democracy,"" as Blair states in the Introduction. He
provides a concise overview of the topic, including a set of
recommendations for officers and defense officials. In eight brisk
chapters, Blair shows how established democracies can-and why they
should-take full advantage of their points of contact to move
dictatorships toward democracy. He explores the potential for
democratic armed forces to influence change both in dictatorships
like Iran and North Korea and transitioning countries such as
Egypt, Kazakhstan and Burma. The second volume presents instructive
case studies of democratic movements and transitions, almost all
prepared by authors from the country or region understudy. They
include a focus on the domestic context, followed by a review of
the use of outside influence and its success. The cases include
Argentina, Chile, El Salvador, Egypt, Hungary, Indonesia, Lebanon
and Syria, Nigeria, the Philippines, Senegal, South Africa, Spain,
Thailand, and Turkey. Augmenting the case studies are regional
overview chapters on Asia, Europe, Latin America, North Africa and
the Middle East, and sub-Saharan Africa. "
"The response of an autocratic nation's armed forces is crucial to
the outcome of democratization movements throughout the world. But
what exact internal conditions have led to real-world democratic
transitions, and have external forces helped or hurt? Here, experts
with military and policy backgrounds, some of whom have played a
role in democratic transitions, present instructive case studies of
democratic movements. Focusing on the specific domestic context and
the many influences that have contributed to successful
transitions, the authors write about democratic civil-military
relations in fourteen countries and five world regions. The cases
include Argentina, Chile, El Salvador, Egypt, Hungary, Indonesia,
Lebanon, Nigeria, Philippines, Senegal, South Africa, Spain, Syria,
and Thailand, augmented by regional overviews of Asia, Europe,
Latin America, North Africa and the Middle East, and sub-Saharan
Africa. Contributors: Richard Akum (Council for the Development of
Social Sciences in Africa), Ecoma Alaga (African Security Sector
Network), Muthiah Alagappa (Institute of Security and International
Studies, Malaysia), Suchit Bunbongkarn (Institute of Security and
International Studies, Thailand), Juan Emilio Cheyre (Center for
International Studies, Catholic University of Chile), Biram Diop
(Partners for Democratic Change-African Institute for Security
Sector Transformation, Dakar), Raymundo B. Ferrer (Nickel Asia
Corporation), Humberto Corado Figueroa (Ministry of Defense, El
Salvador), Vilmos Hamikus (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hungary),
Julio Hang (Argentine Council for International Relations), Marton
Harsanyi (Stockholm University), Carolina G. Hernandez (University
of the Philippines; Institute for Strategic and Development
Studies), Raymond Maalouf (Defense expert, Lebanon), Tannous
Mouawad (Middle East Studies, Lebanon), Matthew Rhodes (George C.
Marshall European Center for Security Studies), Martin Rupiya
(African Public Policy and Research Institute), Juan C. Salgado
Brocal (Academic and Consultant Council for Military Research and
Studies, Chile), Narcis Serra (Barcelona Institute of International
Studies), Rizal Sukma (Centre for Strategic and International
Studies, Jakarta). "
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