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In the thirty years after the Second World War, Cambodia witnessed
the reassertion of colonial power, the spread of nationalism, the
birth and growth of a communist party, the achievement of
independence, the stifling reform during the decade of peace, the
rise of an armed domestic insurgency, the encroachment of an
international war, massive bombardment and civilian casualties,
pogroms and ethnic 'cleansing' of religious minorities. From 1975
to 1979, genocide took another 1.7 million lives. Then, after
liberation from the Khmer Rouge regime, Cambodia survived a decade
of foreign occupation, international isolation, and guerrilla
terror and harassment. UN intervention and democratic transition
were followed by Cambodia's defeat of the Khmer Rouge in 1999 amid
continuing internal tension and political confrontation. Against
this backdrop of more than thirty years of conflict in Cambodia,
Conflict and Change in Cambodia brings together primary documents
and secondary analyses that offer fresh and informed insights into
Cambodia's political and environmental history. This book was
previously published as a special issue of Critical Asian Studies.
Cambodia underwent a triple transition in the 1990s: from war to
peace, from communism to electoral democracy, and from command
economy to free market. This book addresses the political economy
of these transitions, examining how the much publicised
international intervention to bring peace and democracy to Cambodia
was subverted by the poverty of the Cambodian economy and by the
state's manipulation of the move to the free market. This analysis
of the material basis of obstacles to Cambodia's democratisation
suggests that the long-established theoretical link between economy
and democracy stands, even in the face of new strategies of
international democracy promotion.
Contemporary practices of international peacebuilding and
post-conflict reconstruction are often unsatisfactory. There is now
a growing awareness of the significance of local governments and
local communitites as an intergrated part of peacebuilding in order
to improve quality and enhance precision of interventions. In spite
of this, 'the local' is rarely a key factor in peacebuilding, hence
'everyday peace' is hardly achieved. The aim of this volume is
threefold: firstly it illuminates the substantial reasons for
working with a more localised approach in politically volatile
contexts. Secondly it consolidates a growing debate on the
significance of the local in these contexts. Thirdly, it
problematizes the often too swiftly used concept, 'the local', and
critically discuss to what extent it is at all feasible to
integrate this into macro-oriented and securitized contexts. This
is a unique volume, tackling the 'local turn' of peacebuilding in a
comprehensive and critical way. This book was published as a
special issue of Third World Quarterly.
Cambodia underwent a triple transition in the 1990s: from war to peace, from communism to electoral democracy, and from command economy to free market. This book addresses the political economy of these transitions, examining how the much publicised international intervention to bring peace and democracy to Cambodia was subverted by the poverty of the Cambodian economy and by the state's manipulation of the move to the free market. This analysis of the material basis of obstacles to Cambodia's democratisation suggests that the long-established theoretical link between economy and democracy stands, even in the face of new strategies of international democracy promotion. eBook available with sample pages: 0203221753
In the thirty years after the Second World War, Cambodia witnessed
the reassertion of colonial power, the spread of nationalism, the
birth and growth of a communist party, the achievement of
independence, the stifling reform during the decade of peace, the
rise of an armed domestic insurgency, the encroachment of an
international war, massive bombardment and civilian casualties,
pogroms and ethnic 'cleansing' of religious minorities. From 1975
to 1979, genocide took another 1.7 million lives. Then, after
liberation from the Khmer Rouge regime, Cambodia survived a decade
of foreign occupation, international isolation, and guerrilla
terror and harassment. UN intervention and democratic transition
were followed by Cambodia's defeat of the Khmer Rouge in 1999 amid
continuing internal tension and political confrontation. Against
this backdrop of more than thirty years of conflict in Cambodia,
Conflict and Change in Cambodia brings together primary documents
and secondary analyses that offer fresh and informed insights into
Cambodia's political and environmental history. This book was
previously published as a special issue of Critical Asian Studies.
Contemporary practices of international peacebuilding and
post-conflict reconstruction are often unsatisfactory. There is now
a growing awareness of the significance of local governments and
local communitites as an intergrated part of peacebuilding in order
to improve quality and enhance precision of interventions. In spite
of this, 'the local' is rarely a key factor in peacebuilding, hence
'everyday peace' is hardly achieved. The aim of this volume is
threefold: firstly it illuminates the substantial reasons for
working with a more localised approach in politically volatile
contexts. Secondly it consolidates a growing debate on the
significance of the local in these contexts. Thirdly, it
problematizes the often too swiftly used concept, 'the local', and
critically discuss to what extent it is at all feasible to
integrate this into macro-oriented and securitized contexts. This
is a unique volume, tackling the 'local turn' of peacebuilding in a
comprehensive and critical way. This book was published as a
special issue of Third World Quarterly.
Don't Look Back in Anger- Synopsis Preserved in it's original diary
form, Don't Look Back in Anger is one woman's true account of her
experience as a human shield in Saddam Hussein's desperate
attempt's to avoid a military response to his invasion of Kuwait in
1990. After a number of agonisingly tense days waiting in the hotel
where Chris worked, first Chris and then Caroline were seized by
the Iraqi forces and brought at gunpoint to Iraq, where they would
spend the next few months being shuffled between military and
chemical installations. Conditions were appalling, and all the
hostages, who were from many different Western countries, suffered
not just physically but also mentally as they were exposed to
filth, disease, uncertainty and the daily fear of imminent
execution. Years later, when hostilities returned to the Arab Gulf,
where Caroline has made her home, the fear, and painful memories of
that dreadful time returned to haunt her, and prompted her to
revisit her diaries and present them in a book format: Don't Look
Back in Anger.
International peace- and state-building interventions have become
ubiquitous in international politics since the 1990s, aiming to
tackle the security problems stemming from the instability
afflicting many developing states. Their frequent failures have
prompted a shift towards analysing how the interaction between
interveners and recipients shapes outcomes. This book critically
assesses the rapidly growing literature in international relations
and development studies on international intervention and local
politics. It advances an innovative approach, placing the politics
of scale at the core of the conflicts and compromises shaping the
outcomes of international intervention. Different scales - local,
national, international - privilege different interests, unevenly
allocating power, resources and political opportunity structures.
Interveners and recipients thus pursue scalar strategies and
socio-political alliances that reinforce their power and
marginalise rivals. This approach is harnessed towards examining
three prominent case studies of international intervention - Aceh,
Cambodia and Solomon Islands - with a focus on public
administration reform.
Calls by political leaders, social activists, and international
policy and aid actors for accountability reforms to improve
governance have never been more widespread. For some analysts, the
unprecedented scale of these pressures reflects the functional
imperatives and power of liberal and democratic institutions
accompanying greater global economic integration. This book offers
a different perspective, investigating the crucial role of
contrasting ideologies informing accountability movements and
mediating reform directions in Southeast Asia. It argues that the
most influential ideologies are not those promoting the political
authority of democratic sovereign people or of liberalism's freely
contracting individuals. Instead, in both post-authoritarian and
authoritarian regimes, it is ideologies advancing the political
authority of moral guardians interpreting or ordaining correct
modes of behaviour for public officials. Elites exploit such
ideologies to deflect and contain pressures for democratic and
liberal reforms to governance institutions. The book's case studies
include human rights, political decentralization, anticorruption,
and social accountability reform movements in Cambodia, Indonesia,
Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. These
studies highlight how effective propagation of moral ideologies is
boosted by the presence of powerful organizations, notably
religious bodies, political parties, and broadcast media.
Meanwhile, civil society organizations of comparable clout
advancing liberalism or democracy are lacking. The theoretical
framework of the book has wide applicability. In other regions,
with contrasting histories and political economies, the nature and
extent of organizations and social actors shaping accountability
politics will differ, but the importance of these factors to which
ideologies prevail to shape reform directions will not. Oxford
Studies in Democratization is a series for scholars and students of
comparative politics and related disciplines. Volumes concentrate
on the comparative study of the democratization process that
accompanied the decline and termination of the cold war. The
geographical focus of the series is primarily Latin America, the
Caribbean, Southern and Eastern Europe, and relevant experiences in
Africa and Asia. The series editor is Laurence Whitehead, Official
Fellow, Nuffield College, University of Oxford.
Dependent Communities investigates the political situations in
contemporary Cambodia and East Timor, where powerful international
donors intervened following deadly civil conflicts. This
comparative analysis critiques international policies that focus on
rebuilding state institutions to accommodate the global market. In
addition, it explores the dilemmas of politicians in Cambodia and
East Timor who struggle to satisfy both wealthy foreign benefactors
and constituents at home-groups whose interests frequently
conflict. Hughes argues that the policies of Western aid
organizations tend to stifle active political engagement by the
citizens of countries that have been torn apart by war. The
neoliberal ideology promulgated by United Nations administrations
and other international NGOs advocates state sovereignty, but in
fact "sovereignty" is too flimsy a foundation for effective modern
democratic politics. The result is an oppressive peace that tends
to rob survivors and former resistance fighters of their agency and
aspirations for genuine postwar independence. In her study of these
two cases, Hughes demonstrates that the clientelist strategies of
Hun Sen, Cambodia's postwar leader, have created a shadow network
of elites and their followers that has been comparatively effective
in serving the country's villages, even though so often coercive
and corrupt. East Timor's postwar leaders, on the other hand, have
alienated voters by attempting to follow the guidelines of the
donors closely and ignoring the immediate needs and voices of the
people. Dependent Communities offers a searing analysis of
contemporary international aid strategies based on the author's
years of fieldwork in Cambodia and East Timor.
Dependent Communities investigates the political situations in
contemporary Cambodia and East Timor, where powerful international
donors intervened following deadly civil conflicts. This
comparative analysis critiques international policies that focus on
rebuilding state institutions to accommodate the global market. In
addition, it explores the dilemmas of politicians in Cambodia and
East Timor who struggle to satisfy both wealthy foreign benefactors
and constituents at home-groups whose interests frequently
conflict. Hughes argues that the policies of Western aid
organizations tend to stifle active political engagement by the
citizens of countries that have been torn apart by war. The
neoliberal ideology promulgated by United Nations administrations
and other international NGOs advocates state sovereignty, but in
fact "sovereignty" is too flimsy a foundation for effective modern
democratic politics. The result is an oppressive peace that tends
to rob survivors and former resistance fighters of their agency and
aspirations for genuine postwar independence. In her study of these
two cases, Hughes demonstrates that the clientelist strategies of
Hun Sen, Cambodia's postwar leader, have created a shadow network
of elites and their followers that has been comparatively effective
in serving the country's villages, even though so often coercive
and corrupt. East Timor's postwar leaders, on the other hand, have
alienated voters by attempting to follow the guidelines of the
donors closely and ignoring the immediate needs and voices of the
people. Dependent Communities offers a searing analysis of
contemporary international aid strategies based on the author's
years of fieldwork in Cambodia and East Timor.
This is the first book on the transformations wrought by Cambodia's
2002-08 economic boom. It explores the impact of the boom on
governance, economic structure, and opportunities for the poor. It
provides new insights into the relationship between economic growth
and political stability in post-conflict societies. It is a
cross-disciplinary study involving Cambodian and foreign scholars.
From 2002, Cambodia underwent a visible economic transformation
driven largely by such external factors as increased Chinese demand
for primary commodities and a strong international demand for
Cambodian garments. Apart from dramatic rates of economic growth,
the boom involved the disappearance of forests and the decline of
logging, the inflow of Chinese investment and the rise of
indigenous capital, and the increased significance of remittances
from garment workers and labour migrants. In addition, the impact
of government policies on land registration and concessions
transformed relations of production and, with them, the
socio-economic and political environment in rural and urban
Cambodia. "Cambodia's Economic Transformation" examines the
political economy of the Cambodian boom, analysing the changing
structure of the economy, the relationship between state and
market, and outcomes for the poor. Not least, it focuses the role
of the state in facilitating and controlling the market, and the
way that this has affected the life chances of the poor. In so
doing, it situates Cambodian experience within key debates in the
wider political economy of Eastern Asia, scrutinizing the
relationship between class formation, structures of governance and
resource distribution. The analysis gives rise to a deeper
understanding of the nature of the market as it has emerged in
Cambodia over the past decade, and the prospects for how much the
poor might be able to constrain tendencies towards a
disproportionate accumulation of wealth by the Cambodian elite.
This is the first book on the transformations wrought by Cambodia's
2002-08 economic boom. It explores the impact of the boom on
governance, economic structure, and opportunities for the poor. It
provides new insights into the relationship between economic growth
and political stability in post-conflict societies. It is a
cross-disciplinary study involving Cambodian and foreign scholars.
From 2002, Cambodia underwent a visible economic transformation
driven largely by such external factors as increased Chinese demand
for primary commodities and a strong international demand for
Cambodian garments. Apart from dramatic rates of economic growth,
the boom involved the disappearance of forests and the decline of
logging, the inflow of Chinese investment and the rise of
indigenous capital, and the increased significance of remittances
from garment workers and labour migrants. In addition, the impact
of government policies on land registration and concessions
transformed relations of production and, with them, the
socio-economic and political environment in rural and urban
Cambodia. "Cambodia's Economic Transformation" examines the
political economy of the Cambodian boom, analysing the changing
structure of the economy, the relationship between state and
market, and outcomes for the poor. Not least, it focuses the role
of the state in facilitating and controlling the market, and the
way that this has affected the life chances of the poor. In so
doing, it situates Cambodian experience within key debates in the
wider political economy of Eastern Asia, scrutinizing the
relationship between class formation, structures of governance and
resource distribution. The analysis gives rise to a deeper
understanding of the nature of the market as it has emerged in
Cambodia over the past decade, and the prospects for how much the
poor might be able to constrain tendencies towards a
disproportionate accumulation of wealth by the Cambodian elite.
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