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In the light of mass migration, the rise of nationalism and the
resurgence of global terrorism, this timely volume brings the
debate on border protection, security and control to the centre
stage of international relations research. Rather than analysing
borders as mere lines of territorial demarcation in a geopolitical
sense, it sheds new light on their changing role in defining and
negotiating identity, authority, security, and social and economic
differences. Bringing together innovative and interdisciplinary
perspectives, the book examines the nexus of authority, society,
technology and culture, while also providing in-depth analyses of
current international conflicts. Regional case studies comprise the
Ukraine crisis, Nagorno-Karabakh, the emergence of new territorial
entities such as ISIS, and maritime disputes in the South China
Sea, as well as the contestation and re-construction of borders in
the context of transnational movements. Bringing together
theoretical, empirical and conceptual contributions by
international scholars, this Yearbook of the Austrian Institute for
International Affairs offers novel perspectives on hotly debated
issues in contemporary politics, and will be of interest to
researchers, graduate students and political decision makers alike.
In the light of mass migration, the rise of nationalism and the
resurgence of global terrorism, this timely volume brings the
debate on border protection, security and control to the centre
stage of international relations research. Rather than analysing
borders as mere lines of territorial demarcation in a geopolitical
sense, it sheds new light on their changing role in defining and
negotiating identity, authority, security, and social and economic
differences. Bringing together innovative and interdisciplinary
perspectives, the book examines the nexus of authority, society,
technology and culture, while also providing in-depth analyses of
current international conflicts. Regional case studies comprise the
Ukraine crisis, Nagorno-Karabakh, the emergence of new territorial
entities such as ISIS, and maritime disputes in the South China
Sea, as well as the contestation and re-construction of borders in
the context of transnational movements. Bringing together
theoretical, empirical and conceptual contributions by
international scholars, this Yearbook of the Austrian Institute for
International Affairs offers novel perspectives on hotly debated
issues in contemporary politics, and will be of interest to
researchers, graduate students and political decision makers alike.
This book presents a fascinating and self-contained account of
"recruitment learning", a model and theory of fast learning in the
neocortex. In contrast to the more common attractor network
paradigm for long- and short-term memory, recruitment learning
focuses on one-shot learning or "chunking" of arbitrary feature
conjunctions that co-occur in single presentations. The book starts
with a comprehensive review of the historic background of
recruitment learning, putting special emphasis on the
ground-breaking work of D.O. Hebb, W.A.Wickelgren, J.A.Feldman,
L.G.Valiant, and L. Shastri. Afterwards a thorough mathematical
analysis of the model is presented which shows that recruitment is
indeed a plausible mechanism of memory formation in the neocortex.
A third part extends the main concepts towards state-of-the-art
spiking neuron models and dynamic synchronization as a tentative
solution of the binding problem. The book further discusses the
possible role of adult neurogenesis for recruitment. These recent
developments put the theory of recruitment learning at the
forefront of research on biologically inspired memory models and
make the book an important and timely contribution to the field.
This book presents a fascinating and self-contained account of
"recruitment learning," a model and theory of fast learning in the
neocortex. In contrast to the more common attractor network
paradigm for long- and short-term memory, recruitment learning
focuses on one-shot learning or "chunking" of arbitrary feature
conjunctions that co-occur in single presentations. The book starts
with a comprehensive review of the historic background of
recruitment learning, putting special emphasis on the
ground-breaking work of D.O. Hebb, W.A.Wickelgren, J.A.Feldman,
L.G.Valiant, and L. Shastri. Afterwards a thorough mathematical
analysis of the model is presented which shows that recruitment is
indeed a plausible mechanism of memory formation in the neocortex.
A third part extends the main concepts towards state-of-the-art
spiking neuron models and dynamic synchronization as a tentative
solution of the binding problem. The book further discusses the
possible role of adult neurogenesis for recruitment. These recent
developments put the theory of recruitment learning at the
forefront of research on biologically inspired memory models and
make the book an important and timely contribution to the field.
From Islamists to Muslim Democrats? deals with the transformation
of Islamist movements in Egypt and Turkey against the background of
thorough socio-economic and political change in both societies. In
both of these two key countries of the region Islamist bottom-up
movements have gained momentum and increasingly challenged the
secular regimes. However, instead of demonising Islamism, the study
suggests to look into the dynamics within these movements.
Particularly, economic liberalisation and globalisation have
induced a process of de-ideologisation. A new generation of
Islamists have adapted their lifestyles and worldviews to market
economy. The outcome has been a value-centred notion of Islam which
is seemingly compatible with liberal economy and pluralist
democracy. As an emergent, well educated and economically
successful class, they demand for participation. Promoting
universal values as human rights, the freedom of speech and
democracy, they have given hope for the democratisation of Middle
Eastern societies. The question is; what kind of democracy?
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