This book encompasses the study of hybrid switching di usion processes and their applications. The word \hybrid" signi es the coexistence of c- tinuous dynamics and discrete events, which is one of the distinct features of the processes under consideration. Much of the book is concerned with the interactions of the continuous dynamics and the discrete events. Our motivations for studying such processes originate from emerging and - isting applications in wireless communications, signal processing, queueing networks, production planning, biological systems, ecosystems, nancial engineering, and modeling, analysis, and control and optimization of lar- scale systems, under the in uence of random environments. Displaying mixture distributions, switching di usions may be described by the associated operators or by systems of stochastic di erential eq- tions together with the probability transition laws of the switching actions. We either have Markov-modulated switching di usions or processes with continuous state-dependent switching. The latter turns out to be much more challenging to deal with. Viewing the hybrid di usions as a number of di usions joined together by the switching process, they may be se- ingly not much di erent from their di usion counterpart. Nevertheless, the underlying problems become more di cult to handle, especially when the switching processes depend on continuous states. The di culty is due to the interaction of the discrete and continuous processes and the tangled and hybrid information pattern.

Understand multiphase flows using multidisciplinary knowledge in physical principles, modelling theories, and engineering practices. This essential text methodically introduces the important concepts, governing mechanisms, and state-of-the-art theories, using numerous real-world applications, examples, and problems. Covers all major types of multiphase flows, including gas-solid, gas-liquid (sprays or bubbling), liquid-solid, and gas-solid-liquid flows. Introduces the volume-time-averaged transport theorems and associated Lagrangian-trajectory modelling and Eulerian-Eulerian multi-fluid modelling. Explains typical computational techniques, measurement methods and four representative subjects of multiphase flow systems. Suitable as a reference for engineering students, researchers, and practitioners, this text explores and applies fundamental theories to the analysis of system performance using a case-based approach.

This book encompasses the study of hybrid switching di usion processes and their applications. The word \hybrid" signi es the coexistence of c- tinuous dynamics and discrete events, which is one of the distinct features of the processes under consideration. Much of the book is concerned with the interactions of the continuous dynamics and the discrete events. Our motivations for studying such processes originate from emerging and - isting applications in wireless communications, signal processing, queueing networks, production planning, biological systems, ecosystems, nancial engineering, and modeling, analysis, and control and optimization of lar- scale systems, under the in uence of random environments. Displaying mixture distributions, switching di usions may be described by the associated operators or by systems of stochastic di erential eq- tions together with the probability transition laws of the switching actions. We either have Markov-modulated switching di usions or processes with continuous state-dependent switching. The latter turns out to be much more challenging to deal with. Viewing the hybrid di usions as a number of di usions joined together by the switching process, they may be se- ingly not much di erent from their di usion counterpart. Nevertheless, the underlying problems become more di cult to handle, especially when the switching processes depend on continuous states. The di culty is due to the interaction of the discrete and continuous processes and the tangled and hybrid information pattern.

Gas-solid flows are involved in numerous industrial processes and occur in various natural phenomena. This authoritative book addresses the fundamental principles that govern gas-solid flows and the application of these principles to various gas-solid flow systems. The book is arranged in two parts: Part I deals with basic relationships and phenomena, including particle size and properties, collision mechanics, momentum transfer, heat and mass transfer, basic equations, and intrinsic phenomena in gas-solid flows. Part II discusses gas-solid flow systems of industrial interest such as gas-solid separators, hoppers and standpipes, dense-phase fluidized beds, fluidized beds, pneumatic conveying systems, and heat and mass transfer in fluidization systems. As a comprehensive text on gas-solid flows, which includes end-of-chapter problems, this book is aimed at students, but will also be useful to a broad range of engineers and applied scientists. Solutions manual available.