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Environmental Impact Assessments and Mitigation examines various
assessments for developmental projects in the housing, mining,
energy, and waste management areas. As the world continues to shift
toward concerns over climate change and environmental protection
issues, developmental projects must have environmental impact
assessments (EIA) conducted as well as environmental management
plans (EMP). This book describes how all phases of a project, from
planning, to operation, to post operation, must consider potential
environmental impacts and their mitigation. Features: Presents
numerous sustainable development considerations for key industries
Discusses how environmental impact assessments are prepared for
each stage of a project Describes different environmental
management plans for established projects Offers mitigation plans
for various potential environmental impacts Includes practical
examples from the construction, manufacturing, transport, and
mining industries Useful for practicing professional engineers as
well as upper-level students, this book covers all aspects of
environmental impact assessments from start to finish.
Contributing to research, knowledge, and discourse on humanitarian
logistics and supply chains in Africa, Supply Networks in
Developing Countries introduces a unique perspective on the
developing world, and how their supply networks can be enhanced and
optimized. The authors highlight the 4th Industrial Revolution,
information technology, reverse logistics, supply chain modelling
and block-chains, and how these can be the key to strengthening
humanitarian logistics in developing countries. It discusses
humanitarian supply chain management issues in relation to the
increasing numbers of disasters and the complexity and magnitude of
global emergency relief operations. By exploring the roles and
responsibilities of major stakeholders including donors, relief
agencies, NGOs, governments, academia and cooperate business, this
book provides the skills and knowledge needed to manage supply
chains in both unpredictable and dire environments.
Healthcare operations, in hospitals and home healthcare settings,
are inundated with complex fuzzy features that impose difficulties
in the creation of work schedules. As healthcare workers call for
schedules that accommodate their individual preferences and
patients continue to call for more personalized healthcare, further
research into multi-criteria solution approaches to staff
scheduling is imperative. Healthcare Staff Scheduling: Emerging
Fuzzy Optimization Approaches presents in-depth research into
emerging approaches to healthcare staff scheduling. It starts by
reviewing the key issues and challenges inherent in staff
scheduling, along with the basic concepts of fuzzy set theory.
Examining research applications in healthcare staff scheduling, it
details promising fuzzy optimization algorithms derived from
biologically inspired approaches and fuzzy theory. Providing
researchers, operations analysts, scientists, and practitioners
with a practical and in-depth understanding of modern fuzzy
metaheuristic optimization approaches, the book presents
cutting-edge research on multi-criteria algorithms and their
applications in healthcare operations, particularly in staff
scheduling. The book illustrates flexible techniques for solving
complex scheduling problems that account for the variability that
results from imprecise human preferences. Covering recent
developments in the methods utilized to create high-quality staff
schedules, it includes many instructive examples of healthcare
schedule problems along with potential solutions. Considering
avenues for future research, this book will help readers pave the
way to new and improved methods for solving staff scheduling
problems that are difficult to evaluate quantitatively due to
imprecision, fuzziness, and vagueness. To promote the quality of
the work presented, all chapters in this book have been rigorously
reviewed by leading international experts and researche
Environmental Impact Assessments and Mitigation examines various
assessments for developmental projects in the housing, mining,
energy, and waste management areas. As the world continues to shift
toward concerns over climate change and environmental protection
issues, developmental projects must have environmental impact
assessments (EIA) conducted as well as environmental management
plans (EMP). This book describes how all phases of a project, from
planning, to operation, to post operation, must consider potential
environmental impacts and their mitigation. Features: Presents
numerous sustainable development considerations for key industries
Discusses how environmental impact assessments are prepared for
each stage of a project Describes different environmental
management plans for established projects Offers mitigation plans
for various potential environmental impacts Includes practical
examples from the construction, manufacturing, transport, and
mining industries Useful for practicing professional engineers as
well as upper-level students, this book covers all aspects of
environmental impact assessments from start to finish.
This book is the result of years of research following a
realization of the mismatch of engineering skills produced by
universities and those that industry required, based on the
situation in Sub-Saharan Africa, equally applicable to other
regions in Africa and indeed worldwide. The book is meant to assist
engineering academics and engineers in industry to build capacity
and cope with the dynamic trends in technology brought on by the
4th Industrial Revolution and to prepare for the 5th Industrial
Revolution, an era predicted to be dominated by critical and system
thinkers with creative and innovative skills as basic necessities.
The book is also useful for policy-making researchers in academia,
industrial and public sector researchers, and implementers in
governments that provide required funding for the development of
human resources and skills. The book primarily consists of the
novel research and innovation approaches of modelling and building
systems thinking sub-models which were ultimately integrated into
the Universal Systems Thinking (UST) model aimed at improving the
quality of engineers and engineering practice. The initiatives in
this book include strategies for bridging the gap between industry
and academia through systems thinking research. The book provides
information on how to model, simulate, adjust and implement
integrated systems thinking approaches to engineering education and
training for capacity building and sustainability. The book also
covers approaches to address research gaps and mismatch of skills
while capitalizing on the successes of several projects carried out
and supported by the Royal Academy of Engineering over the years.
This book focuses on the application of workstudy in productivity
of manufacturing SMEs locally and abroad and also explores various
industrial problems which face manufacturing SMEs in developing and
underdeveloped countries in the rest of the world. Low productivity
is currently a serious challenge facing manufacturing SMEs, where
these SMEs are operating below expected production output levels
which makes it difficult for them to compete in the global market.
SMEs are the engine drivers of economic growth, one of which is
manufacturing. The challenge is that government from various
countries in developing and underdeveloped countries, mandated
agencies in their respective areas, to ensure that there is
economic progress for these SMEs, but productivity remains low in
the manufacturing SMEs. When SMEs do not perform well, productivity
of manufacturing SMEs declines and unemployment increases. Thus, an
increase in unemployment results in a drop of GDP in the country
and can become a global and economic crisis. This book describes a
process which enables the reader to use effective knowledge that
addresses problems facing the productivity of manufacturing SMEs
such as work study tools and case studies and provides solutions
and applications to improve the running of the manufacturing SMEs
in growing their productivity.
This book presents advances and innovations in grouping genetic
algorithms, enriched with new and unique heuristic optimization
techniques. These algorithms are specially designed for solving
industrial grouping problems where system entities are to be
partitioned or clustered into efficient groups according to a set
of guiding decision criteria. Examples of such problems are:
vehicle routing problems, team formation problems, timetabling
problems, assembly line balancing, group maintenance planning,
modular design, and task assignment. A wide range of industrial
grouping problems, drawn from diverse fields such as logistics,
supply chain management, project management, manufacturing systems,
engineering design and healthcare, are presented. Typical complex
industrial grouping problems, with multiple decision criteria and
constraints, are clearly described using illustrative diagrams and
formulations. The problems are mapped into a common group structure
that can conveniently be used as an input scheme to specific
variants of grouping genetic algorithms. Unique heuristic grouping
techniques are developed to handle grouping problems efficiently
and effectively. Illustrative examples and computational results
are presented in tables and graphs to demonstrate the efficiency
and effectiveness of the algorithms. Researchers, decision
analysts, software developers, and graduate students from various
disciplines will find this in-depth reader-friendly exposition of
advances and applications of grouping genetic algorithms an
interesting, informative and valuable resource.
This book explores effective environmental impact mitigation for
petroleum-based lubricants to reduce their negative persistence
during usage and upon end-of-life disposal. The book reviews the
basic tribology of lubricants as well as initiatives that may
enhance the environmental and economic effectiveness of lubricating
oils from the composition design perspective across industries.
Considering the blending, application, and disposal of petroleum
lubricants in a holistic manner, the book presents and extends
current best practices that minimize or eliminate adverse
environmental impact throughout the product's life cycle. The book
reviews methods including: raw material substitution, minimizing
oil losses during and after manufacturing, raw material and energy
consumption reduction, and environmentally friendly applications of
oil disposal as ways forward for cleaner and more effective
production. This book provides readers with strategies for
incorporating cleaner production practices into their operations -
a benefit to both environmental legal compliance and business
competitiveness - all the while preserving the environment for
sustainable development. The book is therefore of interest to both
manufacturers and consumers in the lubricants industry.
This book presents advances and innovations in grouping genetic
algorithms, enriched with new and unique heuristic optimization
techniques. These algorithms are specially designed for solving
industrial grouping problems where system entities are to be
partitioned or clustered into efficient groups according to a set
of guiding decision criteria. Examples of such problems are:
vehicle routing problems, team formation problems, timetabling
problems, assembly line balancing, group maintenance planning,
modular design, and task assignment. A wide range of industrial
grouping problems, drawn from diverse fields such as logistics,
supply chain management, project management, manufacturing systems,
engineering design and healthcare, are presented. Typical complex
industrial grouping problems, with multiple decision criteria and
constraints, are clearly described using illustrative diagrams and
formulations. The problems are mapped into a common group structure
that can conveniently be used as an input scheme to specific
variants of grouping genetic algorithms. Unique heuristic grouping
techniques are developed to handle grouping problems efficiently
and effectively. Illustrative examples and computational results
are presented in tables and graphs to demonstrate the efficiency
and effectiveness of the algorithms. Researchers, decision
analysts, software developers, and graduate students from various
disciplines will find this in-depth reader-friendly exposition of
advances and applications of grouping genetic algorithms an
interesting, informative and valuable resource.
This book explores effective environmental impact mitigation for
petroleum-based lubricants to reduce their negative persistence
during usage and upon end-of-life disposal. The book reviews the
basic tribology of lubricants as well as initiatives that may
enhance the environmental and economic effectiveness of lubricating
oils from the composition design perspective across industries.
Considering the blending, application, and disposal of petroleum
lubricants in a holistic manner, the book presents and extends
current best practices that minimize or eliminate adverse
environmental impact throughout the product's life cycle. The book
reviews methods including: raw material substitution, minimizing
oil losses during and after manufacturing, raw material and energy
consumption reduction, and environmentally friendly applications of
oil disposal as ways forward for cleaner and more effective
production. This book provides readers with strategies for
incorporating cleaner production practices into their operations -
a benefit to both environmental legal compliance and business
competitiveness - all the while preserving the environment for
sustainable development. The book is therefore of interest to both
manufacturers and consumers in the lubricants industry.
Healthcare operations, in hospitals and home healthcare settings,
are inundated with complex fuzzy features that impose difficulties
in the creation of work schedules. As healthcare workers call for
schedules that accommodate their individual preferences and
patients continue to call for more personalized healthcare, further
research into multi-criteria solution approaches to staff
scheduling is imperative. Healthcare Staff Scheduling: Emerging
Fuzzy Optimization Approaches presents in-depth research into
emerging approaches to healthcare staff scheduling. It starts by
reviewing the key issues and challenges inherent in staff
scheduling, along with the basic concepts of fuzzy set theory.
Examining research applications in healthcare staff scheduling, it
details promising fuzzy optimization algorithms derived from
biologically inspired approaches and fuzzy theory. Providing
researchers, operations analysts, scientists, and practitioners
with a practical and in-depth understanding of modern fuzzy
metaheuristic optimization approaches, the book presents
cutting-edge research on multi-criteria algorithms and their
applications in healthcare operations, particularly in staff
scheduling. The book illustrates flexible techniques for solving
complex scheduling problems that account for the variability that
results from imprecise human preferences. Covering recent
developments in the methods utilized to create high-quality staff
schedules, it includes many instructive examples of healthcare
schedule problems along with potential solutions. Considering
avenues for future research, this book will help readers pave the
way to new and improved methods for solving staff scheduling
problems that are difficult to evaluate quantitatively due to
imprecision, fuzziness, and vagueness. To promote the quality of
the work presented, all chapters in this book have been rigorously
reviewed by leading international experts and researche
This book is the result of years of research following a
realization of the mismatch of engineering skills produced by
universities and those that industry required, based on the
situation in Sub-Saharan Africa, equally applicable to other
regions in Africa and indeed worldwide. The book is meant to assist
engineering academics and engineers in industry to build capacity
and cope with the dynamic trends in technology brought on by the
4th Industrial Revolution and to prepare for the 5th Industrial
Revolution, an era predicted to be dominated by critical and system
thinkers with creative and innovative skills as basic necessities.
The book is also useful for policy-making researchers in academia,
industrial and public sector researchers, and implementers in
governments that provide required funding for the development of
human resources and skills. The book primarily consists of the
novel research and innovation approaches of modelling and building
systems thinking sub-models which were ultimately integrated into
the Universal Systems Thinking (UST) model aimed at improving the
quality of engineers and engineering practice. The initiatives in
this book include strategies for bridging the gap between industry
and academia through systems thinking research. The book provides
information on how to model, simulate, adjust and implement
integrated systems thinking approaches to engineering education and
training for capacity building and sustainability. The book also
covers approaches to address research gaps and mismatch of skills
while capitalizing on the successes of several projects carried out
and supported by the Royal Academy of Engineering over the years.
Agricultural Waste Diversity and Sustainability Issues: Sub Saharan
Africa as Case Study presents solutions for overcoming limitations,
guiding developmental processes, and improving knowledge transfer
in agricultural waste management and development. The book gives
considerable attention to treatment and conversion, with best
management practices involving the reduction and elimination of
waste volume in its various forms, sectors and streams. Sections
cover waste management in the agriculture and food sector,
including methodological approaches in waste preparation and
processes, the most important energy generation techniques and
strategies, and best practices, management, sustainability,
associated technologies, accountability, communications, and
involvement surrounding diverse stakeholders. Agricultural Waste
Diversity and Sustainability Issues: Sub Saharan Africa as Case
Study illustrates the use of mathematical models to minimize
operational cost in agro-waste management processes and discusses
the application of eco-efficiency. Ultimately, the book focuses on
the prospect of agro-wastes management and risk associated in the
sub-Saharan African region, including Nigeria, Uganda, and South
Africa as case studies.
This book focuses on the application of workstudy in productivity
of manufacturing SMEs locally and abroad and also explores various
industrial problems which face manufacturing SMEs in developing and
underdeveloped countries in the rest of the world. Low productivity
is currently a serious challenge facing manufacturing SMEs, where
these SMEs are operating below expected production output levels
which makes it difficult for them to compete in the global market.
SMEs are the engine drivers of economic growth, one of which is
manufacturing. The challenge is that government from various
countries in developing and underdeveloped countries, mandated
agencies in their respective areas, to ensure that there is
economic progress for these SMEs, but productivity remains low in
the manufacturing SMEs. When SMEs do not perform well, productivity
of manufacturing SMEs declines and unemployment increases. Thus, an
increase in unemployment results in a drop of GDP in the country
and can become a global and economic crisis. This book describes a
process which enables the reader to use effective knowledge that
addresses problems facing the productivity of manufacturing SMEs
such as work study tools and case studies and provides solutions
and applications to improve the running of the manufacturing SMEs
in growing their productivity.
Water, energy, and food are basic requirements for life, and this
book presents solutions for obtaining these from sewage wastewater
treatment plants. It describes the optimal recovery of value-added
products from municipal sewage plants in developing countries, and
explains how the plants' operations can become both economical and
sustainable. Further, it shows how the clean effluent that is
obtained is then suitable for agricultural use in the production of
bio-fertilizers, and graywater for irrigation, and how the
recovered biogas could be used for energy and heating needs.
Practical case studies from three separate sewage plants are
presented to illustrate the processes involved.
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