The city of Lahore like other ancient cities was developed along the bank of a river, i.e. the River Ravi, currently a trans-boundary river between India and Pakistan. Therefore, since the development of Lahore city, its sewage and waste water was discharged into its adjacent river. However, the population explosion, urbanization, unplanned industrialization, broad scale use of synthetic fertilizers and household chemicals consequently deteriorate the water quality of the River Ravi due to significant discharge of wastewater from the metropolitan city of Lahore into it. As a result, the contaminated water of the Ravi not only affects the aquatic ecosystem of the river but also worsen its water used downstream for the irrigation, livestock, aqua-culture and recreational purposes. It is therefore essential to estimate the pollution load from the urban city entering into River Ravi in order to prevent and control the degradation of water quality of the River Ravi and help the researchers, decision makers, and the academics to evaluate the cause and pollution status of the most polluted river of Pakistan.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are now believed to be superior in treating industrial effluent, especially effluent of textile industry because of their several advantages over other treatment techniques, including conventional and biological treatment methods. In this study, an attempt has been made to assess the efficiency of AOPs, including Hydrogen Per Oxide alone, Fenton, Photo-Fenton, Solar Radiation assisted Photo-Fenton and Ozonation for the color and COD removal of textile effluent. AOPs are proven to be the efficient method for the treatment of textile effluent. The performance of Fenton process was slightly better. Ozonation was proved to be highly feasible and promising technique to decolorize and reduce COD from textile effluent but it is very costly. Photo-Fenton process via UV lamp considerably removed the color and COD but it is not economically viable. Photo-Fenton (sunlight) proved to be the most cost effective and efficient procedure for the color and COD removal among all AOP's, whereas Fenton process to be the second best option. So Solar assisted Photo-Fenton proved as the most energy and cost effective process among all AOPs.

Dairy industry is one of the largest industries of the world. Dairy plants are considered as 'wet industry' because they consume large volumes of water, which is used for very diverse purposes. As a result dairy plant discharge large volume of wastewater.The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of laboratory scale treatment unit based upon biological treatment for dairy industry wastewater and to determine kinetic coefficients.