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The city of Lahore like other ancient cities was developed along
the bank of a river, i.e. the River Ravi, currently a
trans-boundary river between India and Pakistan. Therefore, since
the development of Lahore city, its sewage and waste water was
discharged into its adjacent river. However, the population
explosion, urbanization, unplanned industrialization, broad scale
use of synthetic fertilizers and household chemicals consequently
deteriorate the water quality of the River Ravi due to significant
discharge of wastewater from the metropolitan city of Lahore into
it. As a result, the contaminated water of the Ravi not only
affects the aquatic ecosystem of the river but also worsen its
water used downstream for the irrigation, livestock, aqua-culture
and recreational purposes. It is therefore essential to estimate
the pollution load from the urban city entering into River Ravi in
order to prevent and control the degradation of water quality of
the River Ravi and help the researchers, decision makers, and the
academics to evaluate the cause and pollution status of the most
polluted river of Pakistan.
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are now believed to be superior
in treating industrial effluent, especially effluent of textile
industry because of their several advantages over other treatment
techniques, including conventional and biological treatment
methods. In this study, an attempt has been made to assess the
efficiency of AOPs, including Hydrogen Per Oxide alone, Fenton,
Photo-Fenton, Solar Radiation assisted Photo-Fenton and Ozonation
for the color and COD removal of textile effluent. AOPs are proven
to be the efficient method for the treatment of textile effluent.
The performance of Fenton process was slightly better. Ozonation
was proved to be highly feasible and promising technique to
decolorize and reduce COD from textile effluent but it is very
costly. Photo-Fenton process via UV lamp considerably removed the
color and COD but it is not economically viable. Photo-Fenton
(sunlight) proved to be the most cost effective and efficient
procedure for the color and COD removal among all AOP's, whereas
Fenton process to be the second best option. So Solar assisted
Photo-Fenton proved as the most energy and cost effective process
among all AOPs.
Dairy industry is one of the largest industries of the world. Dairy
plants are considered as 'wet industry' because they consume large
volumes of water, which is used for very diverse purposes. As a
result dairy plant discharge large volume of wastewater.The
objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of
laboratory scale treatment unit based upon biological treatment for
dairy industry wastewater and to determine kinetic coefficients.
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