Addressing the origin, current status, and future development of point-of-care diagnostics, and serving to integrate knowledge and tools from Analytical Chemistry, Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanotechnology, this book focusses on addressing the collective and combined needs of industry and academia (including medical schools) to effectively conduct interdisciplinary research. In addition to summarizing and detailing developed diagnostic devices, this book will attempt to point out the possible future trends of development for point-of-care diagnostics using both scientifically based research and practical engineering needs with the aim to help novices comprehensively understand the development of point-of-care diagnostics. This includes demonstrating several common but critical principles and mechanisms used in point-of-care diagnostics that address practical needs (e.g., disease or healthcare monitoring) using two well-developed examples so far: 1) blood glucose meters (via electrochemistry); and, 2) pregnancy tests (via lateral flow assay). Readers of this book will come to fully comprehend how to develop point-of-care diagnostics devices, and will be inspired to contribute to a critical global cause - the development of inexpensive, effective, and portable in vitro diagnostics tools (for any purpose) that can be used either at home or in resource limited areas.

Since the late 1970s, China has experienced an unprecedented pace of urbanization. In 1978, only 17.8% of the population resided in urban areas, but by 2013 the level of urbanization had reached 53.8%. During the same period, China also enjoyed spectacular economic growth. China had become the second largest economy in the world by 2012, just behind the United States. Despite China's highly acclaimed achievements in urbanization and its economic miracle, urban China confronts a set of significant challenges. This book provides theoretically informed and empirically rich analyses of some of the key challenges facing China's urbanization. The first part deals with new patterns of urbanization, focusing on comprehensive measures and environmental dimensions of urbanization. The second part of the book focuses on several aspects related to migrants in cities: migrant entrepreneurship, return migration, and local people's attitudes toward migrants. The final section examines two key issues important for migrants, urban local residents, and policy-makers that have become quite contentious in China today: housing and urban health care. This collection presents original, cutting-edge research on some of the most pressing challenges confronting contemporary urban China, conducted by researchers from multiple social science disciplines. It will appeal to scholars and advanced students of urban studies and China studies, as well as those in sociology, anthropology, geography, and political science.

Since the late 1970s, China has experienced an unprecedented pace of urbanization. In 1978, only 17.8% of the population resided in urban areas, but by 2013 the level of urbanization had reached 53.8%. During the same period, China also enjoyed spectacular economic growth. China had become the second largest economy in the world by 2012, just behind the United States. Despite China's highly acclaimed achievements in urbanization and its economic miracle, urban China confronts a set of significant challenges. This book provides theoretically informed and empirically rich analyses of some of the key challenges facing China's urbanization. The first part deals with new patterns of urbanization, focusing on comprehensive measures and environmental dimensions of urbanization. The second part of the book focuses on several aspects related to migrants in cities: migrant entrepreneurship, return migration, and local people's attitudes toward migrants. The final section examines two key issues important for migrants, urban local residents, and policy-makers that have become quite contentious in China today: housing and urban health care. This collection presents original, cutting-edge research on some of the most pressing challenges confronting contemporary urban China, conducted by researchers from multiple social science disciplines. It will appeal to scholars and advanced students of urban studies and China studies, as well as those in sociology, anthropology, geography, and political science.

This book provides first-hand, insiders' perspectives on urban issues in China, aiming to provide a theoretically informed and empirically rich discussion of the new social landscape of urban China in the 21st century. The research reported encompasses both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, with the latter based on extensive and in-depth fieldwork. The authors, most of them being native Chinese, had distinctive advantages in gaining access to study subjects, and had intimate knowledge of the locations and people they studied. The book's primary geographical focus is on southern China, especially Guangdong province. This region is in the forefront of China's transition to a market economy, and therefore constitutes an ideal social laboratory to study the key urban issues that have emerged in the last two decades. Combining ethnographic research along with survey-based quantitative analysis, this volume will appeal to students of urban issues in contemporary China, and it will generate important and fresh empirical and theoretical insights for the broader scholarly communities of area studies, urban studies, and urban sociology. It will also serve as a useful text for graduate courses and advanced undergraduate courses on China and urban sociology.

This book provides first-hand, insiders' perspectives on urban issues in China, aiming to provide a theoretically informed and empirically rich discussion of the new social landscape of urban China in the 21st century. The research reported encompasses both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, with the latter based on extensive and in-depth fieldwork. The authors, most of them being native Chinese, had distinctive advantages in gaining access to study subjects, and had intimate knowledge of the locations and people they studied. The book's primary geographical focus is on southern China, especially Guangdong province. This region is in the forefront of China's transition to a market economy, and therefore constitutes an ideal social laboratory to study the key urban issues that have emerged in the last two decades. Combining ethnographic research along with survey-based quantitative analysis, this volume will appeal to students of urban issues in contemporary China, and it will generate important and fresh empirical and theoretical insights for the broader scholarly communities of area studies, urban studies, and urban sociology. It will also serve as a useful text for graduate courses and advanced undergraduate courses on China and urban sociology.

Principles of Communications provides an introduction to the fundamental principles of communications. Basic mathematical background for system and signals, analog communication systems and modern digital communication systems are systematically introduced. Principles of Communications theory is been explained in an easy-to-understand way. Advanced topics in modern digital communications, especially related to wireless communications, have been conceptually explained, including forward error correcting codes, fading channels, OFDM, and CDMA. This book serves as the basis of communication system design, and as a way to quickly understand the principles of communication systems for those who do not major in communications. Its readership includes undergraduate and graduate level students in the field of Communications and research engineers at Communications companies. Contents * Preface, * History and Milestones of Communication Technology * Filtering of Random Processes and Signals * Analog Communications * Pulse Modulations and Digital Coding * Optimal Receiver of Digital Communication Systems * Passband Digital Transmission * Error Correcting Codes * Communications over Wireless in Fading Channels * Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing * Spread Spectrum Communications and Code Division Multiple Access * References; Index

Robots, autonomous vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, and smart factory, will significantly change human living style in digital society. Artificial Intelligence in Wireless Robotics introduces how wireless communications and networking technology enhances facilitation of artificial intelligence in robotics, which bridges basic multi-disciplinary knowledge among artificial intelligence, wireless communications, computing, and control in robotics. A unique aspect of the book is to introduce applying communication and signal processing techniques to enhance traditional artificial intelligence in robotics and multi-agent systems. The technical contents of this book include fundamental knowledge in robotics, cyber-physical systems, artificial intelligence, statistical decision and Markov decision process, reinforcement learning, state estimation, localization, computer vision and multi-modal data fusion, robot planning, multi-agent systems, networked multi-agent systems, security and robustness of networked robots, and ultra-reliable and low-latency machine-to-machine networking. Examples and exercises are provided for easy and effective comprehension. Engineers wishing to extend knowledge in the robotics, AI, and wireless communications, would be benefited from this book. In the meantime, the book is ready as a textbook for senior undergraduate students or first-year graduate students in electrical engineering, computer engineering, computer science, and general engineering students. The readers of this book shall have basic knowledge in undergraduate probability and linear algebra, and basic programming capability, in order to enjoy deep reading.

Addressing the origin, current status, and future development of point-of-care diagnostics, and serving to integrate knowledge and tools from Analytical Chemistry, Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanotechnology, this book focusses on addressing the collective and combined needs of industry and academia (including medical schools) to effectively conduct interdisciplinary research. In addition to summarizing and detailing developed diagnostic devices, this book will attempt to point out the possible future trends of development for point-of-care diagnostics using both scientifically based research and practical engineering needs with the aim to help novices comprehensively understand the development of point-of-care diagnostics. This includes demonstrating several common but critical principles and mechanisms used in point-of-care diagnostics that address practical needs (e.g., disease or healthcare monitoring) using two well-developed examples so far: 1) blood glucose meters (via electrochemistry); and, 2) pregnancy tests (via lateral flow assay). Readers of this book will come to fully comprehend how to develop point-of-care diagnostics devices, and will be inspired to contribute to a critical global cause – the development of inexpensive, effective, and portable in vitro diagnostics tools (for any purpose) that can be used either at home or in resource limited areas.

This book explores the Energy Minimization Multi-scale (EMMS) theory and the drag model for heterogeneous gas-solid fluidized flows. The results show that the cluster density plays a critical role with regard to drag. A novel cluster model is proposed and indicates that the profile of cluster density is single-peaked with the maximum value located at solid concentrations of 0.1~0.15. The EMMS theory is improved with the cluster model and an accurate drag model is developed. The model's universality is achieved by investigating the relationship between the heterogeneity and flow patterns. The drag model is subsequently verified numerically and experimentally.

Cerebral hemorrhage is a common and often fatal subtype of stroke. while in the past it has received relatively little attention compared to ischemic stroke, there have been major advances in our understanding of this devastating form of stroke. The papers by world experts cover the field from molecular biology to clinical trials.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th EAI International Conference on Smart Grid and Internet of Things, SGIoT 2022, held in TaiChung, Taiwan, in November 19-20, 2022.The 33 regular papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 96 submissions. The papers cover a broad range of topics in wireless sensor, vehicular ad hoc networks, security, deep learning and big data. The papers are organized in subject areas as follows: IoT, Communication Security, Data Mining or Big Data; Artificial Intelligence, Machine Leaning, Deep Learning and Neural Network; WLAN, Wireless Internet and 5G; Protocol, Algorithm, Services and Applications.

The Nobel-Prize-winning discoveries of Dr. Ferid Murad brought nitric oxide into widespread recognition as the "star molecule" of the twentieth century, particularly in the area of human health. The actions of nitric oxide in the body touch almost every important aspect of physical well-being. For the first time, Dr. Murad and Dr. Daniel Chen present a clear description of the physiological functions of nitric oxide in language that everyone can understand. They then show us how to identify early signs of a broad range of nitric-oxide-related illness spanning the gamut from cardiovascular disease through neurological problems to sexual and reproductive issues. They reveal specific steps that we can take to improve and sustain vitality by promoting the action of nitric oxide within our bodies, and they show us how to maximize the amazing effects of nitric oxide so that we can live longer, happier and healthier lives.

The fall of communism in the Soviet Union led many to hope and expect that liberal democracy would immediately take root across postcommunist states, marking what Francis Fukuyama famously referred to as the "end of history." Since then, however, a very different picture has emerged, most notably in the form of nationalist sentiments that have steered many postcommunist countries in an illiberal direction, even in regimes committed to market reforms and formally democratic institutions.

Cheng Chen examines this phenomenon in comparative perspective, showing that the different pathways of nation-building under Leninism affected the character of Leninist regimes and, later, the differential prospects for liberal democracy in the postcommunist era. In China and Russia, Chen shows, liberalism and nationalism were more difficult to reconcile because Leninism was indigenous and had a more significant impact on nation-building. In Hungary and Romania, by contrast, Leninism was a foreign import and had less of an effect on traditional national identity. As we witness the struggle to establish democracy in places such as Afghanistan and Iraq, a study that examines the salience of historical legacies seems particularly timely.