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Theory of Nonlinear Propagation of High Harmonics Generated in a
Gaseous Medium establishes the theoretical tools to study
High-Order Harmonic Generation (HHG) by intense ultrafast infrared
lasers in atoms and molecules. The macroscopic propagation of both
laser and high-harmonic fields is taken into account by solving
Maxwell's wave equations, while the single-atom or single-molecule
response is treated with a quantitative rescattering theory by
solving the time-dependent Schroedinger equation. This book
demonstrates for the first time that observed experimental HHG
spectra of atoms and molecules can be accurately reproduced
theoretically when precise experimental conditions are known. The
macroscopic HHG can be expressed as a product of a macroscopic wave
packet and a photorecombination cross section, where the former
depends on laser and experimental conditions while the latter is
the property of target atoms or molecules. The factorization makes
it possible to retrieve microscopically atomic or molecular
structure information from the measured macroscopic HHG spectra.
This book also investigates other important issues about HHG, such
as contributions from multiple molecular orbitals, the minimum in
the HHG spectrum, the spatial mode of laser beams, and the
generation of an isolated attosecond pulse. Additionally, this book
presents the photoelectron angular distribution of aligned
molecules ionized by the HHG light.
Theory of Nonlinear Propagation of High Harmonics Generated in a
Gaseous Medium establishes the theoretical tools to study
High-Order Harmonic Generation (HHG) by intense ultrafast infrared
lasers in atoms and molecules. The macroscopic propagation of both
laser and high-harmonic fields is taken into account by solving
Maxwell's wave equations, while the single-atom or single-molecule
response is treated with a quantitative rescattering theory by
solving the time-dependent Schroedinger equation. This book
demonstrates for the first time that observed experimental HHG
spectra of atoms and molecules can be accurately reproduced
theoretically when precise experimental conditions are known. The
macroscopic HHG can be expressed as a product of a macroscopic wave
packet and a photorecombination cross section, where the former
depends on laser and experimental conditions while the latter is
the property of target atoms or molecules. The factorization makes
it possible to retrieve microscopically atomic or molecular
structure information from the measured macroscopic HHG spectra.
This book also investigates other important issues about HHG, such
as contributions from multiple molecular orbitals, the minimum in
the HHG spectrum, the spatial mode of laser beams, and the
generation of an isolated attosecond pulse. Additionally, this book
presents the photoelectron angular distribution of aligned
molecules ionized by the HHG light.
Building Scalable Network Services: Theory and Practice is on
building scalable network services on the Internet or in a network
service provider's network. The focus is on network services that
are provided through the use of a set of servers. The authors
present a tiered scalable network service model and evaluate
various services within this architecture. The service model
simplifies design tasks by implementing only the most basic
functionalities at lower tiers where the need for scalability
dominates functionality. The book includes a number of theoretical
results that are practical and applicable to real networks, such as
building network-wide measurement, monitoring services, and
strategies for building better P2P networks. Various issues in
scalable system design and placement algorithms for service nodes
are discussed. Using existing network services as well as
potentially new but useful services as examples, the authors
formalize the problem of placing service nodes and provide
practical solutions for them.
Building Scalable Network Services: Theory and Practice is on
building scalable network services on the Internet or in a network
service provider's network. The focus is on network services that
are provided through the use of a set of servers. The authors
present a tiered scalable network service model and evaluate
various services within this architecture. The service model
simplifies design tasks by implementing only the most basic
functionalities at lower tiers where the need for scalability
dominates functionality.
The book includes a number of theoretical results that are
practical and applicable to real networks, such as building
network-wide measurement, monitoring services, and strategies for
building better P2P networks. Various issues in scalable system
design and placement algorithms for service nodes are discussed.
Using existing network services as well as potentially new but
useful services as examples, the authors formalize the problem of
placing service nodes and provide practical solutions for them.
This book provides a historical economic analysis of two key issues
relating to township and village enterprise (TVE) development in
China. Firstly, the nature of the evolving relationship between
TVEs and local government; in particular how TVE entrepreneurs have
used institutionalized power to secure the political influence
needed to defend their financial independence. Secondly, the
relationship between TVEs and state-owned enterprises (SOEs), and
the role of SOEs in China's economic transition. This study
highlights the importance of the role of SOEs in the "dual-track
pricing system" and its impact on other parts of the economy.
Township and village enterprises were key to China's success in the
late twentieth century, but have more or less disappeared as an
entity over the past decade or so. By measuring the structural
difference of the SOE sector before and after 1998-2003 SOE reform,
Jin explains their fast catch-up in productivity since the
mid-1990s, as well as the relative decline of TVE productivity.
Double Periodic Composite Right/Left Handed Metamaterial (DP-CRLH
MTM), a new transmission line (TL) double periodically loaded with
a pair of alternate capacitances and/or inductances, is introduced
in this book. Recently, the concept of CRLH TLs is becoming an
interesting topic of research. CRLH TLs are used in practically to
design compact devices. Most of the well-known CRLH TLs are single
periodically loaded with uniform inductance and capacitance, and
may be named as single periodic (SP-) CRLH TLs. Because the number
of degrees of freedom of the DP-CRLH TLs is doubled, a new branch
is obtained in the dispersion diagram. Hence, apart from being
expected to radiate in the left-handed region and forward in the
right-handed region, DP-CRLH TL is promising a new forward
leaky-wave radiation at low frequency below the LH passband.
DP-CRLH MTM is an attractive and promising method to design compact
microwave devices, esperically leaky wave antennas. The new
radiation frequency is significantly lower than the LH passband of
the SP-CRLH TL with the corresponding similar period. Hence, it is
possible to design LWAs which are more compact than the one based
on SP-CRLH TLs.
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