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How does Martin Luther King, Jr., understand race philosophically
and how did this understanding lead him to develop an ontological
conception of racist police violence? In this important new work,
Mark Christian Thompson attempts to answer these questions,
examining ontology in Martin Luther King, Jr.'s philosophy.
Specifically, the book reads King through 1920s German academic
debates between Martin Heidegger, Rudolf Bultmann, Hans Jonas, Carl
Schmitt, Eric Voegelin, Hannah Arendt, and others on Being,
gnosticism, existentialism, political theology, and sovereignty. It
further examines King's dissertation about Tillich, as well other
key texts from his speculative writings, sermons, and speeches,
positing King's understanding of divine love as a form of
Heideggerian ontology articulated in beloved community. Tracking
the presence of twentieth-century German philosophy and theology in
his thought, the book situates King's ontology conceptually and
socially in nonviolent protest. In so doing, The Critique of
Nonviolence reads King's "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" (1963)
with Walter Benjamin's "Critique of Violence" (1921) to reveal the
depth of King's political-theological critique of police violence
as the illegitimate appropriation of the racialized state of
exception. As Thompson argues, it is in part through its
appropriation of German philosophy and theology that King's
ontology condemns the perpetual American state of racial exception
that permits unlimited police violence against Black lives.
This book examines how the Global Education Industry (GEI) has
brokered, funded, and implemented new conceptualizations of 'good'
education. With a focus on new private providers and policy actors
in education, the authors of the book analyze the impact of the GEI
on educational research, policy and practice. How did
philanthropies and foundations manage to make their voices heard in
school reform debates, what are the implication of digital
technologies and data infrastructures on teaching and learning, and
should the fast advance of the GEI be merely seen as a logical
consequence of the commercialization of education? Moving beyond
single-country case studies, the book focuses on key issues related
to the study of the Global Education Industry in an international
context, discussing the rationales, processes and impacts of
current developments. This comprehensive book will be of interest
and value to scholars and researchers of the GEI, as well as policy
makers.
How does Martin Luther King, Jr., understand race philosophically
and how did this understanding lead him to develop an ontological
conception of racist police violence? In this important new work,
Mark Christian Thompson attempts to answer these questions,
examining ontology in Martin Luther King, Jr.'s philosophy.
Specifically, the book reads King through 1920s German academic
debates between Martin Heidegger, Rudolf Bultmann, Hans Jonas, Carl
Schmitt, Eric Voegelin, Hannah Arendt, and others on Being,
gnosticism, existentialism, political theology, and sovereignty. It
further examines King's dissertation about Tillich, as well other
key texts from his speculative writings, sermons, and speeches,
positing King's understanding of divine love as a form of
Heideggerian ontology articulated in beloved community. Tracking
the presence of twentieth-century German philosophy and theology in
his thought, the book situates King's ontology conceptually and
socially in nonviolent protest. In so doing, The Critique of
Nonviolence reads King's "Letter from a Birmingham Jail" (1963)
with Walter Benjamin's "Critique of Violence" (1921) to reveal the
depth of King's political-theological critique of police violence
as the illegitimate appropriation of the racialized state of
exception. As Thompson argues, it is in part through its
appropriation of German philosophy and theology that King's
ontology condemns the perpetual American state of racial exception
that permits unlimited police violence against Black lives.
This unorthodox account of 1960s Black thought rigorously details
the field's debts to German critical theory and explores a
forgotten tradition of Black singularity. Phenomenal Blackness
examines the changing interdisciplinary investments of key
mid-century Black writers and thinkers, including the growing
interest in German philosophy and critical theory. Mark Christian
Thompson analyzes this shift in intellectual focus across the
post-war decades, placing Black Power thought in a philosophical
context. Prior to the 1960s, sociologically oriented thinkers such
as W. E. B. Du Bois had understood Blackness as a singular set of
socio-historical characteristics. In contrast, writers such as
Amiri Baraka, James Baldwin, Angela Y. Davis, Eldridge Cleaver, and
Malcolm X were drawn to notions of an African essence, an ontology
of Black being. With these perspectives, literary language came to
be seen as the primary social expression of Blackness. For this new
way of thinking, the works of philosophers such as Adorno,
Habermas, and Marcuse were a vital resource, allowing for continued
cultural-materialist analysis while accommodating the hermeneutical
aspects of Black religious thought. Thompson argues that these
efforts to reimagine Black singularity led to a phenomenological
understanding of Blackness-a "Black aesthetic dimension" wherein
aspirational models for Black liberation might emerge.
This unorthodox account of 1960s Black thought rigorously details
the field's debts to German critical theory and explores a
forgotten tradition of Black singularity. Phenomenal Blackness
examines the changing interdisciplinary investments of key
mid-century Black writers and thinkers, including the growing
interest in German philosophy and critical theory. Mark Christian
Thompson analyzes this shift in intellectual focus across the
post-war decades, placing Black Power thought in a philosophical
context. Prior to the 1960s, sociologically oriented thinkers such
as W. E. B. Du Bois had understood Blackness as a singular set of
socio-historical characteristics. In contrast, writers such as
Amiri Baraka, James Baldwin, Angela Y. Davis, Eldridge Cleaver, and
Malcolm X were drawn to notions of an African essence, an ontology
of Black being. With these perspectives, literary language came to
be seen as the primary social expression of Blackness. For this new
way of thinking, the works of philosophers such as Adorno,
Habermas, and Marcuse were a vital resource, allowing for continued
cultural-materialist analysis while accommodating the hermeneutical
aspects of Black religious thought. Thompson argues that these
efforts to reimagine Black singularity led to a phenomenological
understanding of Blackness-a "Black aesthetic dimension" wherein
aspirational models for Black liberation might emerge.
Kulturelle Formen und Praxen der Inszenierung und Optimierung
des Selbst spielen heute in der alltaglichen Lebensgestaltung und
Lebensfuhrung eine herausragende Rolle: Die vielfaltigen
Veranderungen und Manipulationen an Korper und Geist zeigen, dass
kaum etwas von der Arbeit am Selbst ausgenommen ist. Dabei
erscheint das Selbst in einer Position der Verfugung und zugleich
in einer Position uneingeschrankter Disponibilitat wechselnder
Anspruche und Anforderungsprofile. Wie ist diese Ambivalenz von
Selbstschopfung und Selbstdisziplinierung in der Arbeit am Selbst
zu deuten? Wie ist dies auf gegenwartige (padagogische) Praxen und
Verfahren der Inszenierung und Optimierung des Selbst zu beziehen?
Und: Wo verlaufen die Grenzen des Selbst? Die Beitrage dieses
Bandes nehmen sich dieser Fragen aus gegenwartsanalytischer und
grundlagentheoretischer Perspektive an und rekonstruieren in
verschiedenen kulturellen Feldern die unmogliche Aufgabe, ein
Selbst zu sein.
Die zentralen Begriffe der Bildungskonzeption Theodor Ballauffs
werden in dieser Untersuchung erarbeitet und deren
theoretisch-kritische Tragfahigkeit durch eine Analyse ihrer
philosophischen Ruckbezuge auf das Denken Martin Heideggers
uberpruft."
Most of those who comment on Iran's attempt to influence Iraqi
Shia, do so without considering the historical and cultural
connection between these two peoples. The research presented
directs its attention to the Iranian motives and capabilities and
then to the first targets of Iranian influence efforts. Finally,
the research considered the historical and cultural connections
between Iraqi and Iranian Shia to identify the themes and methods
that persuade Iraqi Shia to collaborate with Iran. Iran is
presently conducting an aggressive strategic influence campaign
into southern Iraq. The Iraqi Shia community is the primary target
of Iranian efforts. Tehran's bases its motivations on national
self-interest and religious-political ideals. The Iranian Regime
advocates a religious political activism to expand fundamental
religious ideals. The Shia community in Iraq holds on to the
practice of religious-political self-preservation and seeks to
conform to the state in order to exist. Members of both Shia
communities hold varied cultural values, based on their historical
development. Tehran uses methods along the spectrum of
psychological persuasion to influence and subvert the Iraqi Shia
community. Specifically, they target individual communities. The
Iranian regime attempts to gain authority in Iraq via the same
government institutions designed to control over its own
population. The formidable Iranian government apparatus allows the
targeting of the Iraqi population through efforts designed to
achieve compliance and conformity. The Iraqi Shia society is
fragmented, but nationalism also provides a powerful influence for
this group. The majority of the Iraqi Shia community identify
themselves as Iraqi citizens despite a common historical narrative
and ethnic ties with the Iranian Shia population. Independent
national principles foster Iraqi and Iranian nationalist sentiments
and the division between the two states are likely to grow with the
Iraqi government becoming more capable and effective of controlling
its own state affairs. However, Iran will continue to attempt to
exploit areas where the new Iraqi government has limited
penetration along the southern border region.
In this provocative new book, Mark Christian Thompson addresses
the startling fact that many African American intellectuals in the
1930s sympathized with fascism, seeing in its ideology a means of
envisioning new modes of African American political resistance.
Thompson surveys the work and thought of several authors and
asserts that their sometimes positive reaction to generic European
fascism, and its transformation into black fascism, is crucial to
any understanding of Depression-era African American literary
culture.
The book considers the high regard that "Back to Africa"
advocate Marcus Garvey expressed for fascist dictators and explores
the common ground he shared with George Schuyler and Claude McKay,
writers with whom Garvey is generally thought to be at odds.
Thompson reveals how fascism informed a rejection of Marxism by
McKay--as well as by Arna Bontemps, whose "Drums at Dusk" depicts
communism as antithetical to any black revolution. A similarly
authoritarian stance is examined in the work of Zora Neale Hurston,
where the striving for a fascist sovereignty presents itself as
highly critical of Nazism while nonetheless sharing many of its
tenets. The book concludes with an investigation of Richard
Wright's "The Outsider" and its murderous protagonist, Cross Damon,
who articulates fascist drives already present, if latent, in
"Native Son"'s Bigger Thomas. Unencumbered by the historical or
biblical references of the earlier work, Damon personifies the
essence of black fascism.
Taking on a subject generally ignored or denied in African
American cultural and literary studies, "Black Fascisms" seeks not
only to question the prominence of the Left in the political
thought of a generation of writers but to change how we view
African American literature in general. Encompassing political
theory, cultural studies, critical theory, and historicism, the
book will challenge readers in numerous fields, providing a new
model for thinking about the political and transnational in African
American culture and shedding new light on our understanding of
fascism between the wars.
In this volume are more than 125 biographies that together
demonstrate the diversity and depth of Saskatchewan's First Nations
community and the contributions of First Nations people to the
province.
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