Freedom of poverty is a universal human prerogative and right. Hence the tackling of poverty in developing countries is a social obligation for governments, MNCs and MNOs at a national, intergovernmental and supra-national level especially with its institutionalisation within the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Tourism was a sector that was actively promoted by the above mentioned institutions in order to act as a catalyst for development and poverty reduction. Nevertheless in the course of times tourism did not deliver the expected result: poverty reduction. Hence this book embarks on exploring, by adopting a participatory approach to research, the extent to which the various controlling interests', external (development agencies) and internal (government institutions), dictate and influence tourism development in the ex-colonial geographical areas under investigation and their relationships with various community constituents - mainly those in the local communities at the grass-roots level.

An exponential stride in globalization, impressively expedited by advanced technology, has brought about immense changes in the backdrop of world markets. Big data and digital technologies like Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and Artificial Intelligence, assisted this progression by improving efficiency and effectiveness of the way 'things are done'! All of these factors, in conjunction, have highly influenced the how, where and when of business management today! Leveraging on them has enabled advanced markets to establish themselves further, and new markets to start emerging spectacularly! In this novel environment ofemerging human and techno-human business management dynamics, virtual influencers and gamification started becoming the norm of the day. What's more, businesses are in constant competition to achieve brand loyalty among their customers through bolstering up the branding of their products and services. Advancement in technology though comes at a price, as it leads to an increase in fraudulent activities. In this climate, ethical leadership is required to lead people. Management by mission and evidence-based management can be tools to steer towards better and more transparent decision making in organizations. Amidst this, the role of crisis management is vital to assist in crisis and disaster preparedness.