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Marvelous Transformations is an anthology of tales and original
critical essays that moves beyond canonized "classics" and old
paradigms, documenting the points of historical connection between
literary tales and field-based collections. This innovative
anthology reflects current interdisciplinary scholarship on oral
traditions and the cultural history of the print fairy tale. In
addition to the tales, original critical essays, newly written for
this volume, introduce readers to differing perspectives on key
ideas in the field.
Charles Perrault published Histoires ou Contes du temps passe
("Stories or Tales of the Past") in France in 1697 during what
scholars call the first "vogue" of tales produced by learned French
writers. The genre that we now know so well was new and an uncommon
type of literature in the epic world of Louis XIV's court. This
inaugural collection of French fairy tales features characters like
Sleeping Beauty, Cinderella, and Puss-in-Boots that over the course
of the eighteenth century became icons of social history in France
and abroad. Translating the original Histoires ou Contes means
grappling not only with the strangeness of seventeenthcentury
French but also with the ubiquity and familiarity of plots and
heroines in their famous English personae. From its very first
translation in 1729, Histoires ou Contes has depended heavily on
its English translations for the genesis of character names and
enduring recognition. This dependability makes new, innovative
translation challenging. For example, can Perrault's invented name
"Cendrillon" be retranslated into anything other than "Cinderella"?
And what would happen to our understanding of the tale if it were?
Is it possible to sidestep the Anglophone tradition and view the
seventeenth-century French anew? Why not leave Cinderella alone, as
she is deeply ingrained in cultural lore and beloved the way she
is? Such questions inspired the translations of these tales in
Mother Goose Refigured, which aim to generate new critical interest
in heroines and heroes that seem frozen in time. The book offers
introductory essays on the history of interpretation and
translation, before retranslating each of the Histoires ou Contes
with the aim to prove that if Perrault's is a classical frame of
reference, these tales nonetheless exhibit strikingly modern
strategies. Designed for scholars, their classrooms, and other
adult readers of fairy tales, Mother Goose Refigured promises to
inspire new academic interpretations of the Mother Goose tales,
particularly among readers who do not have access to the original
French and have relied for their critical inquiries on traditional
renderings of the tales.
Shapely Bodies: The Image of Porcelain in Eighteenth-Century France
constructs the first cultural history of porcelain making in
France. It takes its title from two types of "bodies" treated in
this study: the craft of porcelain making shaped clods of earth
into a clay body to produce high-end commodities and the French
elite shaped human bodies into social subjects with the help of
makeup, stylish patterns, and accessories. These practices crossed
paths in the work of artisans, whose luxury objects reflected and
also influenced the curves of fashion in the eighteenth century.
French artisans began trials to reproduce fine Chinese porcelain in
the 1660s. The challenge proved impossible until they found an
essential ingredient, kaolin, in French soil in the 1760s. Shapely
Bodies differs from other studies of French porcelain in that it
does not begin in the 1760s at the Sevres manufactory when it
became technically possible to produce fine porcelain in France,
but instead ends there. Without the secret of Chinese porcelain,
artisans in France turned to radical forms of experimentation. Over
the first half of the eighteenth century, they invented artificial
alternatives to Chinese porcelain, decorated them with French
style, and, with equal determination, shaped an identity for their
new trade that distanced it from traditional guild-crafts and
aligned it with scientific invention. The back story of porcelain
making before kaolin provides a fascinating glimpse into the world
of artisanal innovation and cultural mythmaking. To write
artificial porcelain into a history of "real" porcelain dominated
by China, Japan, and Meissen in Saxony, French porcelainiers
learned to describe their new commodity in language that tapped
into national pride and the mythic power of French savoir faire.
Artificial porcelain cut such a fashionable image that by the
mid-eighteenth century, Louis XV appropriated it for the glory of
the crown. When the monarchy ended, revolutionaries reclaimed
French porcelain, the fruit of a century of artisanal labor, for
the Republic. Tracking how the porcelain arts were depicted in
documents and visual arts during one hundred years of
experimentation, Shapely Bodies reveals the politics behind the
making of French porcelain's image.
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