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As the 21st century began, Algeria, Morocco, and North Sudan
launched some much-publicised "reconciliation" policies, or, in the
case of North Sudan, "pacification" policies. Algeria, following
its Clemency policy (1995) and Civil Concord Law (1999), held a
referendum in 2005 and subsequently implemented the measures of its
Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation. This charter is
Algeria's latest policy aimed at settling the accounts of a
murderous decade (1990s) between the state and armed Islamic
groups. In Morocco, an arbitration committee was set up in 1999,
followed by the Equity and Reconciliation Commission in 2004, to
turn the page on the "Years of Lead"-a period during the rule of
King Hassan II during which state crimes such as torture,
imprisonment, and murder were committed. Finally, in Sudan (North
Sudan since 2011), peace negotiations were held in 1989 and a peace
process has been ongoing since 2005, with an aim to resolve violent
conflicts and war crimes that are shaking Darfur and North
Kordofan. At the centre of all these reconciliation and
pacification mechanisms lies a practice that has been scarcely
studied: (monetary) compensation for the crimes committed. Shedding
light on this under-studied topic from the North African field,
this volume investigates: What meanings can compensation have when
it is aimed at repairing crimes? Is it necessary, sufficient, or
admissible? How can it be implemented and accepted by the victims
themselves and by society? These questions about compensation lead
the reader through discussions on the nature of crime, punishment,
reparation, reconciliation, and the way these concepts were and are
now understood in these three North African countries.
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