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Amazonian soils are almost universally thought of as extremely
forbidding. However, it is now clear that complex societies with
large, sedentary populations were present for over a millennium
before European contact. Associated with these are tracts of
anomalously fertile, dark soils termed terra preta or dark earths.
These soils are presently an important agricultural resource within
Amazonia and provide a model for developing long-term future
sustainability of food production in tropical environments. The
late Dutch soil scientist Wim Sombroek (1934-2003) was instrumental
in bringing the significance of these soils to the attention of the
world over four decades ago.
Wim saw not only the possibilities of improving the lives of
small holders throughout the world with simple carbon based soil
technologies, but was an early proponent of the positive synergies
also achieved in regards to carbon sequestration and global
climatic change abatement. Wim s vision was to form a
multidisciplinary group whose members maintained the ideal of open
collaboration toward the attainment of shared goals. Always
encouraged and often shaped by Wim, this free association of
international scholars termed the Terra Preta Nova Group came
together in 2001 and has flourished. This effort has been defined
by enormous productivity. Wim who is never far from any of our
minds and hearts, would have loved to share the great experience of
seeing the fruits of his vision as demonstrated in this
volume."
Amazonian soils are almost universally thought of as extremely
forbidding. However, it is now clear that complex societies with
large, sedentary populations were present for over a millennium
before European contact. Associated with these are tracts of
anomalously fertile, dark soils termed terra preta or dark earths.
These soils are presently an important agricultural resource within
Amazonia and provide a model for developing long-term future
sustainability of food production in tropical environments. The
late Dutch soil scientist Wim Sombroek (1934-2003) was instrumental
in bringing the significance of these soils to the attention of the
world over four decades ago.
Wim saw not only the possibilities of improving the lives of
small holders throughout the world with simple carbon based soil
technologies, but was an early proponent of the positive synergies
also achieved in regards to carbon sequestration and global
climatic change abatement. Wim s vision was to form a
multidisciplinary group whose members maintained the ideal of open
collaboration toward the attainment of shared goals. Always
encouraged and often shaped by Wim, this free association of
international scholars termed the Terra Preta Nova Group came
together in 2001 and has flourished. This effort has been defined
by enormous productivity. Wim who is never far from any of our
minds and hearts, would have loved to share the great experience of
seeing the fruits of his vision as demonstrated in this
volume."
How the rise of computerized decision-making affects every aspect
of business and daily life
The bot takeover began with high frequency trading on Wall Street,
and from there it spread to all manners of high-level tasks--such
as diagnosing illnesses or interpreting legal documents. There is
no realm of human endeavor safe from algorithms that employ speed,
precision and nuance.
In this fascinating book, Steiner tells the story of how
algorithms took over and shows why the "bot revolution" is about to
spill into every aspect of our lives. We meet bots that are driving
cars, penning haikus, and writing music mistaken for Bach's. They
listen in on customer service calls and figure out what Iran would
do in the event of a nuclear standoff. On Wall Street,
pre-programmed algorithmic deals are executed by machines faster
than any human could--leaving human investors at a severe
disadvantage.
But what will the world look like when algorithms control our
hospitals, our roads, and our national security? Is a stock market
controlled by high-speed trading bots worth investing in? And what
role will be left for doctors, lawyers, writers, truck drivers, and
many others?
Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2005 im Fachbereich VWL - Umweltokonomie,
Note: 2, Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz (Institut fur
Finanzwissenschaften und Offentliche Wirtschaft), 23 Quellen im
Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Das Jahr 2005
wird als das Jahr der Naturkatastrophen in die Geschichte eingehen.
Die verheerenden Hurrikane Rita" und Katrina," die Uberschwemmungen
in den Alpen und nicht zuletzt die Tatsache, dass zum ersten Mal in
der Geschichte der Meteorologie ein tropisches Tief den
europaischen Kontinent erreicht hat, belegen, dass der Klimawandel
immer dramatischer und schneller wird. Die Industrienationen
setzten diesem Wandel bisher auflagen- und abgabenorientierte
Umweltinstrumente entgegen. Durchzufuhrende
Umweltvertraglichkeitsprufungen, Emissionsgrenzwerte fur
Produktionsanlagen, Okosteuern und der vorgeschriebene Einbau
bestimmter emissionsvermeidender Technologie scheinen angesichts
der aktuellen Entwicklungen jedoch an ihre Grenzen zu stossen. Eine
zwar nicht neue, bisher aber selten in die Praxis umgesetzte
Moglichkeit fur die Politik stellen marktwirtschaftlich orientierte
Umweltinstrumente dar. Ein System handelbarer Verschmutzungsrechte
ist eine Moglichkeit, die Funktionsweise der freien Marktwirtschaft
fur umweltpolitische Zwecke zu nutzen. Dieses Instrument soll in
dieser Arbeit anhand des praktischen Beispiels des RECLAIM-Projekts
in Sudkalifornien vorgestellt werden. Diese Abhandlung versucht die
Frage zu beantworten, ob der Handel mit Emissionszertifikaten den
an ihn geforderten Anspruchen bezuglich okologischer und
okonomischer Effektivitat entsprechen kann. Das bereits seit dem
Jahr 1994 im Grossraum Los Angeles zum Einsatz kommende
RECLAIM-Programm soll auf diese Effizienz hin genauer untersucht
werden, um eventuell auch Lehren fur zukunftige Lizenzprogramme,
wie sie vom Kioto-Protokoll gefordert werden, ziehen zu konne
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