Legal history has usually been written in terms of writs and legislation, and the development of legal doctrine. Christopher Brooks, in this series of essays roughly half of which are previously unpublished, approaches the law from two different angles: the uses made of courts and the fluctuations in the fortunes of the legal profession. Based on extensive original research, his work has helped to redefine the parameters of British legal history, away from procedural development and the refinement of legal doctrine and towards the real impact that the law had in society. He also places the law into a wider social and political context, showing how changes in the law often reflected, but at the same time influenced, changes in intellectual assumptions and political thought.
Lawyers as a profession flourished in the second half of the sixteenth century and throughout the seventeenth century. This great age of lawyers was followed by a decline in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, reflecting both a decline in litigation and the perception of the law as slow, artificially complicated and ruinously expensive.
In Lawyers, Litigation and Society, 1450-1900, Christopher Brooks also looks at the sorts of cases brought before different courts, showing why particular courts were used and for what reasons, as well as showing why the popularity of individual courts changed over the years.

The essays in this volume reflect the wider concept of legal history - how legal processes fitted into the social and political life of the community, and how courts and other legal processes were used by contemporaries - rather than the more traditional but narrower study of internal procedural development interpretation. In doing so, they both aim to justify the study of legal history in its own right and to show how legal records, including those of a variety of central and local courts can be used to further the understanding of a range of social, commercial, popular and political history.

Asia-Pacific in the New World Order critically explores the notion that a distinctive regional power bloc is developing linking countries bordering the Pacific, with East Asia at its core. This student-friendly volume sheds light on the complex interplay between global, regional and national forces which have transformed the Asia-Pacific area into one of the most vibrant and economically successful regions in the world. Historical narratives alongside geopolitical and geoeconomic perspectives are deployed to examine the shifting pattern of power relations and security structures across the region, set within a wider world context.
Key issues addressed include:
* what are the primary security problems of the region and how are they being resolved?
* does the dynamic growth of the region, and particularly the rise of China, pose a challenge to existing structures of world order?
The text has a strong interdisciplinary flavour drawing on analytical approaches from the international relations, political economy and political geography literature. Authors have been drawn from the Asia-Pacific region and the UK and all are established scholars in their specialist fields.

Asia-Pacific in the New World Order critically explores the notion that a distinctive regional power bloc is developing linking countries bordering the Pacific, with East Asia at its core. This student-friendly volume sheds light on the complex interplay between global, regional and national forces which have transformed the Asia-Pacific area into one of the most vibrant and economically successful regions in the world. Historical narratives alongside geopolitical and geoeconomic perspectives are deployed to examine the shifting pattern of power relations and security structures across the region, set within a wider world context.
Key issues addressed include:
* what are the primary security problems of the region and how are they being resolved?
* does the dynamic growth of the region, and particularly the rise of China, pose a challenge to existing structures of world order?
The text has a strong interdisciplinary flavour drawing on analytical approaches from the international relations, political economy and political geography literature. Authors have been drawn from the Asia-Pacific region and the UK and all are established scholars in their specialist fields.

There has always been a strong relationship between education and philosophy - especially political philosophy. Renewed concern about the importance and efficacy of political education has revived key questions about the connections between the power to govern, and the power to educate. Although these themes are not always prominent in commentaries, political writings have often been very deeply concerned with both educational theory and practice. This invaluable book will introduce the reader to key concepts and disputes surrounding educational themes in the history of political thought.

The book draws together a fascinating range of educational pioneers and thinkers from the canon of philosophers and philosophical schools, from Plato and Aristotle, down to Edward Carpenter and John Dewey, with attention along the way paid to both individual authors like Thomas Hobbes and Mary Wollstonecraft, as well as to intellectual movements, such as the Scottish Enlightenment and the Utopian Socialists. Each thinker or group is positioned in their historical context, and each chapter addresses the structure of the theory and argument, considering both contemporaneous and current controversies. A number of themes run throughout the volume:

• an analysis of pedagogy, socialisation, schooling and university education, with particular relation to public and private life, and personal and political power
• references to the historical and intellectual context
• an overview of the current reception, understanding and interpretation of the thinker in question
• the educational legacy of the theories or theorists.

This book will be of interest to students, researchers and scholars of education, as well as students and teachers of political theory, the history of political thought, and social and political philosophy.

It's Time to Take a Hike in New York City! With so many superb trails in the area, planning a hike can be a frustrating endeavor, but with this newly revised and updated edition of 60 Hikes Within 60 Miles: New York City from Christopher and Catherine Brooks, finding the right trail is a snap. From secluded woods and sun-struck seashores, to lowland swamps and rock-strewn mountain tops, these hikes showcase Paleolithic rock shelters, ruins from the Revolutionary and Civil War periods, a bat cave, ghostly ruins, and much, much more. Unbounded by state lines, the trails awaiting hikers in the updated edition of 60 Hikes Within 60 Miles: New York City include a meandering ascent of Jenny Jump Mountain in Hope, New Jersey, a deep exploration of Trout Brook Valley near Weston, and a scenic section of the Appalachian Trail that runs by Fitzgerald Falls in New York. Packed with valuable tips and humorous observations, the guide prepares both novices and veterans for the outdoors and includes all the information hikers need to get the most out of the trails, including driving directions and GPS coordinates for all 60 trailheads to take the guesswork out of the trip.

With so many superb trails in the New York City area, planning a hike can be a frustrating endeavor, but with this newly revised and updated edition of 60 Hikes Within 60 Miles: New York City finding the right trail is a snap. From secluded woods and sun-struck seashores, to lowland swamps and rock-strewn mountain tops, these hikes showcase Paleolithic rock shelters, ruins from the Revolutionary and Civil War periods, a bat cave, ghostly ruins, and much, much more.
Unbounded by state lines, the trails awaiting hikers in the updated edition of 60 Hikes Within 60 Miles: New York City include a meandering ascent of Jenny Jump Mountain in Hope, New Jersey, a deep exploration of Trout Brook Valley near Weston, and a scenic section of the Appalachian Trail that runs by Fitzgerald Falls in New York. Packed with valuable tips and humorous observations, the guide prepares both novices and veterans for the outdoors and includes all the information hikers need to get the most out of the trails, including: - Driving directions and GPS coordinates for all 60 trailheads to take the guesswork out of the trip.

This wide-ranging introduction to medieval Europe has been updated and revised. In his popular survey Brooke explores the variety of human experience in the period. He looks at society, economy, religious life and popular religion, learning, culture, as well as political events; the rise of the Normans and the heyday of the medieval Empire. For the new edition there is increased coverage of the role of women and more attention to central Europe, Bohemia, Hungary and Poland.

This wide-ranging introduction to medieval Europe has been updated and revised. In his popular survey Brooke explores the variety of human experience in the period. He looks at society, economy, religious life and popular religion, learning, culture, as well as political events; the rise of the Normans and the heyday of the medieval Empire. For the new edition there is increased coverage of the role of women and more attention to central Europe, Bohemia, Hungary and Poland.

While Active Learning Classrooms, or ALCs, offer rich new environments for learning, they present many new challenges to faculty because, among other things, they eliminate the room’s central focal point and disrupt its conventional seating plan to which faculty and students have become accustomed. The importance of learning how to use these classrooms well and to capitalize on their special features is paramount. The potential they represent can be realized only when they facilitate improved learning outcomes and engage students in the learning process in a manner different from traditional classrooms and lecture halls. This book provides an introduction to ALCs, briefly covering their history and then synthesizing the research on these spaces to provide faculty with empirically based, practical guidance on how to use these unfamiliar spaces effectively. Among the questions this book addresses are: How can instructors mitigate the apparent lack of a central focal point in the space? What types of learning activities work well in the ALCs and take advantage of the affordances of the room? How can teachers address familiar classroom-management challenges in these unfamiliar spaces? If assessment and rapid feedback are critical in active learning, how do they work in a room filled with circular tables and no central focus point? How do instructors balance group learning with the needs of the larger class? How can students be held accountable when many will necessarily have their backs facing the instructor? How can instructors evaluate the effectiveness of their teaching in these spaces? This book is intended for faculty preparing to teach in or already working in this new classroom environment; for administrators planning to create ALCs or experimenting with provisionally designed rooms; and for faculty developers helping teachers transition to using these new spaces.

This volume brings to completion the four-volume A History of the University of Cambridge, and is a vital contribution to the history not only of one major university, but of the academic societies of early modern Europe in general. Its main author, Victor Morgan, has made a special study of the relations between Cambridge and its wider world: the court and church hierarchy which sought to control it in the aftermath of the Reformation; the 'country', that is the provincial gentry; and the wider academic world. Morgan also finds the seeds of contemporary problems of university governance in the struggles which led to and followed the new Elizabethan Statutes of 1570. Christopher Brooke, General Editor and part-author, has contributed chapters on architectural history and among other themes a study of the intellectual giants of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries.

"One of the great artists of our time."
––Luciano Pavarotti

"A treasure in the world of opera."
––Plácido Domingo

"We are fortunate to have this book about an artist whom it has been my great honor to have known and worked with since my youngest days. Not only will Verdi’s Lux aeterna remain imbedded in my musical memories forever as Shirley Verrett first sang it in Los Angeles, but so will our last music-making together, the recording of Il Trovatore. It seemed to round off a perfect relationship between two friends who have musically complemented each other for years."
–Zubin Mehta

"My collaboration with Shirley Verrett dates back to when I conducted Verdi’s Don Carlo at Covent Garden and she sang her first Eboli with resounding success. Another even more difficult Verdi role brought her an even greater triumph. It had taken me some years to persuade her to try Lady Macbeth, and she electrified Europe as she sang the part for the first time at La Scala di Milano. After the opening, the crowd was so enthusiastic that we thought Shirley might have to spend the night at the theater, signing autographs. These are only highlights. Shirley Verrett is a wonderful musician, a great artist, and a dear friend. It gives me great pleasure to add these few words to celebrate her autobiography."
–Claudio Abbado

This volume completes the publication of acta from this diocese. It contains full editions of the surviving documents of seven bishops and charts a period of building work, the canonization of an earlier bishop, Wulfstan, and includes the documents of a future archbishop of York, Walter de Gray. The introduction discusses the Statuta of Bishop Henry and the Decreta of Bishop John. This volume is of value to all those interested in medieval England as well as to those with particular interests in the history of Worcestershire, Gloucestershire or Warwickshire.

While Active Learning Classrooms, or ALCs, offer rich new environments for learning, they present many new challenges to faculty because, among other things, they eliminate the room's central focal point and disrupt its conventional seating plan to which faculty and students have become accustomed. The importance of learning how to use these classrooms well and to capitalize on their special features is paramount. The potential they represent can be realized only when they facilitate improved learning outcomes and engage students in the learning process in a manner different from traditional classrooms and lecture halls. This book provides an introduction to ALCs, briefly covering their history and then synthesizing the research on these spaces to provide faculty with empirically based, practical guidance on how to use these unfamiliar spaces effectively. Among the questions this book addresses are: How can instructors mitigate the apparent lack of a central focal point in the space? What types of learning activities work well in the ALCs and take advantage of the affordances of the room? How can teachers address familiar classroom-management challenges in these unfamiliar spaces? If assessment and rapid feedback are critical in active learning, how do they work in a room filled with circular tables and no central focus point? How do instructors balance group learning with the needs of the larger class? How can students be held accountable when many will necessarily have their backs facing the instructor? How can instructors evaluate the effectiveness of their teaching in these spaces? This book is intended for faculty preparing to teach in or already working in this new classroom environment; for administrators planning to create ALCs or experimenting with provisionally designed rooms; and for faculty developers helping teachers transition to using these new spaces.

'The life of man, solitary, poore, nasty, brutish, and short' Written during the chaos of the English Civil War, Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan asks how, in a world of violence and horror, can we stop ourselves from descending into anarchy? Hobbes' case for a 'common-wealth' under a powerful sovereign - or 'Leviathan' - to enforce security and the rule of law, shocked his contemporaries, and his book was publicly burnt for sedition the moment it was published. But his penetrating work of political philosophy opened up questions about the nature of statecraft and society that influenced governments across the world. Edited with an Introduction by Christopher Brooke

Robert Wokler was one of the world's leading experts on Rousseau and the Enlightenment, but some of his best work was published in the form of widely scattered and difficult-to-find essays. This book collects for the first time a representative selection of his most important essays on Rousseau and the legacy of Enlightenment political thought. These essays concern many of the great themes of the age, including liberty, equality and the origins of revolution. But they also address a number of less prominent debates, including those over cosmopolitanism, the nature and social role of music and the origins of the human sciences in the Enlightenment controversy over the relationship between humans and the great apes. These essays also explore Rousseau's relationships to Rameau, Pufendorf, Voltaire and Marx; reflect on the work of important earlier scholars of the Enlightenment, including Ernst Cassirer and Isaiah Berlin; and examine the influence of the Enlightenment on the twentieth century. One of the central themes of the book is a defense of the Enlightenment against the common charge that it bears responsibility for the Terror of the French Revolution, the totalitarian regimes of the twentieth-century and the Holocaust.

"Philosophic Pride" is the first full-scale look at the essential place of Stoicism in the foundations of modern political thought. Spanning the period from Justus Lipsius's "Politics" in 1589 to Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "Emile" in 1762, and concentrating on arguments originating from England, France, and the Netherlands, the book considers how political writers of the period engaged with the ideas of the Roman and Greek Stoics that they found in works by Cicero, Seneca, Epictetus, and Marcus Aurelius. Christopher Brooke examines key texts in their historical context, paying special attention to the history of classical scholarship and the historiography of philosophy.

Brooke delves into the persisting tension between Stoicism and the tradition of Augustinian anti-Stoic criticism, which held Stoicism to be a philosophy for the proud who denied their fallen condition. Concentrating on arguments in moral psychology surrounding the foundations of human sociability and self-love, "Philosophic Pride" details how the engagement with Roman Stoicism shaped early modern political philosophy and offers significant new interpretations of Lipsius and Rousseau together with fresh perspectives on the political thought of Hugo Grotius and Thomas Hobbes.

"Philosophic Pride" shows how the legacy of the Stoics played a vital role in European intellectual life in the early modern era.

This long-awaited study of the early acta of the bishops of Worcester includes full editions of the surviving documents of eight bishops, from the saintly Wulfstan to the future archbishop of Canterbury, Baldwin. The 265 documents or references to lost acta, include indulgences, confirmations and grants, settlements of disputes and some of the earliest surviving inspeximuses. Accompanying the documents is a comprehensive introduction, providing brief biographies of the bishops as well as considerations of their households and of the diplomatic of their documents.

The 400 years covered by this volume saw two Danish invasions and the Norman Conquest of England. Each conquest carried with it extensive political and social changes. Alfred began the work of creating a unified kingdom out of the shambles of the smaller kingdoms that had fallen under Viking raids. The ninth and tenth centuries saw the settlement of the Danes and the eleventh the emergence of a strong monarchy under the Danish King Cnut. "With the English kingdom grew up the first semblance of national institutions," writes Professor Brooks--institutions of central and local government which made the English monarchy among the most mature in the Europe of its time.... These established institutions were not destroyed by the Normans; they adapted and developed them. Although England had had close ties with the continent before the Conquest, after 1066 English cultural and social life was greatly enriched through the French influence. During this time the Church was finding new inspiration in monastic and papal reform and a great intellectual revival culminated in the creation of universities. Professor Brooke describes all the cultural and political developments of these years and shows how the reign of Henry III ushered in a "great age of art and architecture" and a "new attitude to government," which began to work by consent of the governed.

This volume of essays seeks to offer a radical re-evaluation of most of our preconceptions about the early-modern English social order. The majority of people who lived in early-modern England were neither very rich nor very poor, yet a disproportionate amount of historiography has been directed towards precisely these groups. This book intends to define the term 'middle classes' and treat them as active participants of history, rather than as a simple by-product rising and falling according to others' activities.