In this significant new book, Bruna Ingrao and Claudio Sardoni emphasize the crucial importance of considering credit/debt relations and financial markets for a comprehensive understanding of the world in which we live. The book offers both a thorough historical and theoretical reconstruction of how 20th century macroeconomics got (or did not get) to grips with the interactions between banks and financial markets, and the 'real' economy. The book is split into two distinct and thematic parts to expose the different attitudes to banks and finance before and after the Great Depression of the 1930s. Part I explores the period from the turn of the 20th century to the late 1930s, when many important economists devoted great attention to banks and credit relations in their explanations of the working of market economies. Part II discusses the post-war period up until the modern day, when banks and financial markets ceased to be a major concern of mainstream macroeconomics. The 2007-8 crisis gave rise to a renewed interest in credit relations, but many problems inherited from the past still remain open. The authors stress, in particular, the implications of the uneasy, if not impossible, coexistence of the endeavour to set macroeconomics within the framework of general equilibrium theory with the attempt to develop the analysis of the monetary and financial features of actual economies. Macroeconomists will greatly benefit from this timely book as it examines the historical evolution of the discipline, pointing out the major factors that have largely prevented the development of satisfactory analyses of the interrelations of credit, finance and the macroeconomy. Those involved in current economic policy debates will also benefit from the lessons offered in this book.

In the midst of the current world economic crisis, many claim there is a necessity to return to the Marxian and Keynesian traditions in order to better understand the dynamics of market economies. This book is an important step in that direction. It presents a critical examination of the foundations of macroeconomics as developed in the traditions of Marx, Keynes and Kalecki, which are contrasted with the current mainstream. Particular attention is given to the problem of market forms and their relevance for macroeconomics. Professional economists and postgraduate students in economics, in particular those concerned with macroeconomics and the history of economic thought in the 20th century, will find this insightful resource invaluable. This book should be required reading for a large proportion of the economics profession who are dissatisfied with the mainstream. Contents: Foreword Preface 1. Introduction 2. The Marxian Notion of a Monetary Economy and the Critique of Say's Law 3. General Overproduction Crises 4. Keynes s Critique of Say s Law 5. Keynesian Underemployment Equilibria 6. A Critique of Keynes s Microfoundations 7. Kaleckian Macroeconomics: An Outline 8. The Problem of Market Forms in Modern Macroeconomics 9. Concluding Remarks A. A Formalization of Marx s Schemes of Reproduction B. Effects of Wage Changes in Keynes s Model C. Price Determination and Income Distribution in Kalecki

Geoff Harcourt has had a major impact on the field of Post-Keynesian economics, not only in his research but also in his teaching. Many of Harcourts students have gone on to make valuable contributions in this field. This volume brings together contributions from thirty such former students, now established in academic institutions around the world. Their contributions focus on themes important to Harcourts work, touching upon: * history of political economy * methodology * economic theory * applied analysis This work is a valuable addition to the literature of political economy and a fitting tribute to a leading economist.

In this significant new book, Bruna Ingrao and Claudio Sardoni emphasize the crucial importance of considering credit/debt relations and financial markets for a comprehensive understanding of the world in which we live. The book offers both a thorough historical and theoretical reconstruction of how 20th century macroeconomics got (or did not get) to grips with the interactions between banks and financial markets, and the 'real' economy. The book is split into two distinct and thematic parts to expose the different attitudes to banks and finance before and after the Great Depression of the 1930s. Part I explores the period from the turn of the 20th century to the late 1930s, when many important economists devoted great attention to banks and credit relations in their explanations of the working of market economies. Part II discusses the post-war period up until the modern day, when banks and financial markets ceased to be a major concern of mainstream macroeconomics. The 2007-8 crisis gave rise to a renewed interest in credit relations, but many problems inherited from the past still remain open. The authors stress, in particular, the implications of the uneasy, if not impossible, coexistence of the endeavour to set macroeconomics within the framework of general equilibrium theory with the attempt to develop the analysis of the monetary and financial features of actual economies. Macroeconomists will greatly benefit from this timely book as it examines the historical evolution of the discipline, pointing out the major factors that have largely prevented the development of satisfactory analyses of the interrelations of credit, finance and the macroeconomy. Those involved in current economic policy debates will also benefit from the lessons offered in this book.

Included in this volume are papers which are recognized as some of the foundations of post-Keynesian Economics, analysing problems set in historical time and starting from 'real world' observations. The book reflects Geoff Harcourt's contribution to economic debate over more than three decades. It also includes intellectual biographies of some of the most prominent and leading unorthodox economists, such as Kenneth Boulding, Eric Russell and Lorie Tarshis.

Included in this volume are papers which are recognized as some of the foundations of post-Keynesian Economics, analysing problems set in historical time and starting from 'real world' observations. The book reflects Geoff Harcourt's contribution to economic debate over more than three decades. It also includes intellectual biographies of some of the most prominent and leading unorthodox economists, such as Kenneth Boulding, Eric Russell and Lorie Tarshis.

Geoff Harcourt has had a major impact on the field of Post-Keynesian economics, not only in his research but also in his teaching. Many of Harcourts students have gone on to make valuable contributions in this field. This volume brings together contributions from thirty such former students, now established in academic institutions around the world. Their contributions focus on themes important to Harcourts work, touching upon: history of political economy methodology economic theory applied analysis This work is a valuable addition to the literature of political economy and a fitting tribute to a leading economist. K.G. Arrow, C.Sardoni, P. Kriesler, White, Berdell, Carrell Bouanovsky, O'Donnel, Sharpe, Kerr, Tahir, Gosh, Araujo, Balakrishnan, O'Shaughnessy, Green, Kriesler, Webster, Barrowclough, Cicarone-Neubu

In the midst of the current world economic crisis, many claim there is a necessity to return to the Marxian and Keynesian traditions in order to better understand the dynamics of market economies. This book is an important step in that direction. It presents a critical examination of the foundations of macroeconomics as developed in the traditions of Marx, Keynes and Kalecki, which are contrasted with the current mainstream. Particular attention is given to the problem of market forms and their relevance for macroeconomics. Professional economists and postgraduate students in economics, in particular those concerned with macroeconomics and the history of economic thought in the 20th century, will find this insightful resource invaluable. This book should be required reading for a large proportion of the economics profession who are dissatisfied with the mainstream. Contents: Foreword Preface 1. Introduction 2. The Marxian Notion of a Monetary Economy and the Critique of Say's Law 3. General Overproduction Crises 4. Keynes s Critique of Say s Law 5. Keynesian Underemployment Equilibria 6. A Critique of Keynes s Microfoundations 7. Kaleckian Macroeconomics: An Outline 8. The Problem of Market Forms in Modern Macroeconomics 9. Concluding Remarks A. A Formalization of Marx s Schemes of Reproduction B. Effects of Wage Changes in Keynes s Model C. Price Determination and Income Distribution in Kalecki