Every year, top-level market regulators, academics and legal practitioners attend the Annual Competition Workshop organised at the European University Institute in Florence. The speakers are invited to discuss a particular set of critical issues in the field of competition law and policy. The entire content of the proceedings - both the oral discussions and the written contributions - are published in the European Competition Law Annual series. This is the fourteenth in the series, reproducing the debate which in 2009 examined the evaluation of evidence and its judicial review in competition cases. The issues discussed included, among others, the burden of proof, the standard of proof and the standard of review with respect to antitrust infringement decisions and merger decisions, both at the level of the EU and at the national level in a number of Member States. In 2009, the Workshop participants were: Rafael Allendesalazar Kelyn Bacon Judge Gerald Barling Simon Bishop Judge Joachim Bornkamm Judge Michael Boudin Jochen Burrichter Dennis Carlton Fernando Castillo de la Torre Justin Coombs Lorenzo Coppi Claus-Dieter Ehlermann John Fingleton Ian Forrester Judge Nicholas Forwood Eric Gippini-Fournier Barry Hawk Alberto Heimler Per Hellstroem Pieter Kalbfleisch Robert Kwinter Bruno Lasserre Philip Lowe Mel Marquis Damien Neven Judge Aindrias O Caoimh Luis Ortiz Blanco John Ratliff J. Thomas Rosch Heike Schweitzer Mario Siragusa Jacques Steenbergen James Venit Judge Nils Wahl Judge Vaughn Walker

This book, co-written by a team of European competition law specialists, offers critical perspectives on the whole range of issues in EC competition law. The book has two distinctive features: the first is that unlike similar works which present the law from either an enforcement agency or practitioner perspective in a fairly conventional manner, this work offers fresh, critical reflections on the state of the law. The second is that the authors are young academics, practitioners and administrators who have worked in the relevant fields and who are relatively new "voices" in the competition law literature. Drawn from diverse jurisdictions and professional backgrounds the authors bring a distinctively "European" feel (for instance not drawing exclusively on English language literature), and manage to introduce debates that have been taking place in the non-English language world, thereby assisting a more comprehensive dialogue in this field. The diversity in their professional backgrounds means that each chapter adopts a different perspective, with some chapters focusing on practical solutions to problems, and others exploring more general theoretical questions. The textbook-like structure places the issues in their appropriate contexts and ensures that readers see how the discussion in each chapter links with the body of law as a whole. The book is aimed at academic lawyers and practitioners, complementing existing textbooks and allowing the reader to extend his or her understanding of the subject and provide a quick source of reference to the main doctrinal debates on the subject, and offer fresh perspectives on the topics covered. The impact of EC competition law beyond Europe also means that this book will appeal to lawyers in the US, Australia, Canada and beyond.

This is the thirteenth in a series on EU Competition Law and Policy produced under the auspices of the Robert Schuman Centre of the European University Institute in Florence. The volume contains the written contributions of numerous competition policy experts, together with the transcripts of a roundtable debate which examined the subject of "settlements" between enforcers of competition law and defendant companies in cartel cases and in other types of antitrust cases. The Workshop participants included: -- senior judges from major jurisdictions (the European Union, Germany and the United States); -- senior enforcement officials and policy makers from the European Commission, from the national competition authorities of certain EU Member States and from the US Department of Justice and the US Federal Trade Commission; and -- renowned international international academics, legal practitioners and professional economists. In an intense, intimate environment, this group of experts debated a number of legal and economic issues pertaining to two broad lines of discussion: 1) settlements and plea agreements in cartel cases, including their links with leniency programs and with private enforcement; and 2) settlements in "commitment" cases decided under Article 9 of Regulation 1/2003 and under comparable procedures of national law.

This is the twelfth in a series on EU Competition Law and Policy produced by the Robert Schuman Centre of the European University Institute in Florence. The volume reproduces the written contributions and transcripts in connection with a roundtable debate which examined the EU's enforcement policy as regards the abuse of a dominant position under Article 82 EC. The workshop participants included: senior enforcement officials and policy makers from the European Commission, from the national competition authorities of certain EU Member States and from the US Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission; and renowned international academics, legal practitioners and professional economists. In an intense, intimate environment, this group of experts debated a number of legal and economic issues structured according to three broad lines of discussion: 1) comparisons of the concept of monopolization under Section 2 of the Sherman Act with that of abuse of dominance under Article 82 EC; 2) a reformed approach to exclusionary unilateral conduct; and 3) exploitative unilateral conduct and related remedies.

This is the eleventh in the series on EU competition law and policy produced by the Robert Schuman Centre of the European University Institute in Florence. The volume reproduces the materials from a roundtable debate which examined the enforcement of the prohibition on cartels. The workshop participants senior representatives of the Commission and of the national competition authorities of some EC Member States, renowned international academics, and legal practitioners discussed the economic and legal issues that arise in this particular area, including the unearthing of cartels the evidence, the institutional framework, and the tools of enforcement.

This is the tenth in a series of volumes based on the annual workshops on EU Competition Law and Policy held at the Robert Schuman Centre of the European University Institute in Florence. The volume reproduces the materials of the roundtable debate which examined the interaction between competition law and intellectual property law. The workshop participants - a group of senior representatives of the Commission and the national competition authorities of some EC Member States, reknowned international academics and legal practitioners - discussed the economic and legal issues that arise in this particular area of application of the EC competition rules, under the following headings: 1) whether the characteristics of intellectual property products/markets justify special treatment under the competition rules; 2) a critical assessment of the Block Exemption Regulation and corresponding Guidelines recently adopted in this area of EC competition law enforcement; 3) the specific enforcement issues that arise in relation to patent pools and collecting societies; and 4) specific problems related to IP in the domains of merger control and application of Article 82 EC.

The European Competition Law Annual 2004 is ninth in a series of volumes following the annual workshops on EU Competition Law and Policy held at the Robert Schuman Centre of the European University Institute in Florence. The volume reproduces the materials of the roundtable debate that took place at the ninth edition of the workshop (11-12 June 2004), which examined the relationship between competition law and the regulation of (liberal) professions. The (liberal) professions and the rules governing their functioning have become of interest for EC competition law enforcement since the early nineties, making the object of a series of Commission decisions and judgments of the European courts. The subject has gained in importance in the perspective of the recent decentralisation of EC antitrust enforcement. The regulation of (liberal) professions is also a matter of increasing concern from the perspective of freedom of services in the internal market. The workshop participants - a group of senior representatives of the Commission and the national competition authorities of some Member States, reknown international academics and legal practitioners - discussed the economic, legal and political/institutional issues that arise in the relationship between competition law and the regulation of (liberal) professions.

The European Competition Law Annual 2002 is the seventh in a series of volumes following the annual workshops on EU Competition Law and Policy held at the Robert Schuman Centre of the European University in Florence. The volume reproduces the materials of the roundtable debate that took place at the seventh Workshop.

The European Competition Law Annual 1999 is the fourth in a series of volumes including the materials of the annual Workshops on EU Competition Law and Policy held at the Robert Schuman Centre of the European University in Florence. The present volume contains the contributions and commentaries of a group of senior EU policy-makers, renowned academics and international legal experts on the subject of State Aid control - a unique and complex feature of EU competition policy, usually little explored and understood. The contributors concentrated on the aspects of EU State Aid policy that were most contentions and challenging at the time of the fourth edition of the EUI Competition Workshop (June 1999), as following: a) the economic justifications for and effects of State Aids, b) specific problems arising in the control of State Aids in the banking sector, and c) the possibilities for a more decentralised control of State Aids in the EU.

This volume of essays contains contributions by a group of specialists in the area of competition law,including heads of the world's major competition and antitrust enforcement authorities, renowned scholars and private practitioners. The focus of the volume is the objectives of competition policy of the European Union and other major jurisdictions, the prospects of multilateral competition code, and the relationship between objectives and implementation issues. This is the second in a series of volumes intended to provide an up-to-date commentary on new developments and trends, the first of which was published in 1997.

The European Competition Law Annual 2001 is the sixth in a series of volumes following the annual workshops on EU Competition Law and Policy held at the Robert Schuman Centre of the European University in Florence. The volume reproduces the materials of the roundtable debate that took place at the sixth edition of the Workshop (1-2 June 2001),which examined the conditions for an effective private enforcement of EC antitrust rules. The application of EC antitrust rules in the context of private litigation before national courts and arbitration tribunals is becoming a highly topical subject against the background of the on-going debate about the decentralisation of EC antitrust enforcement. The participants - a group of senior representatives of the Commission, national judges, arbitrators, renowned academics and international legal experts in the field of antitrust - discussed in particular the following aspects: a) the availability and effectiveness of substantive remedies in the enforcement of EC antitrust rules at the EU level in general and in four major EU jurisdictions in particular (England, France, Italy and Germany); b) the procedural issues arising in the enforcement of EC antitrust rules by national courts in four EU jurisdictions (England, France, Italy and Germany) and at the EU level in general; c) the problems arising in the application of Article 81(3) EC by arbitration tribunals. In addition to these issues, the participants also discussed whether the public enforcement of EC antitrust rules could be rendered more efffective by introducing sanctions applicable to the individuals responsible for their violation.

The 1998 Volume on the regulation of communications markets is the third in a successful series of European Competition Law Annuals,founded upon open dialogue between technical experts, market analysts and legal practitioners. Gathering together academic papers and edited transcripts of expert discussions, it offers readers a lively and informed insight into the topical debate of whether governments, or the European Union, should intervene to prevent powerful firms from abusing their control of critical 'gateways' between consumers and communication information services. The Volume examines the technical and market evolutions that have allowed the development of single communications networks, which offer consumers a variety of telephone, audio-visual and computer data services. In an era of market liberalisation, the editors and contributors ask how private ownership of such communications networks may be reconciled with the need to ensure consumers easy access to the services that underpin our, so-called, 'information society'. Table of Contents Introduction - Claus D. Ehlermann Biographical Notes on the Participants Panel One: Regulating Access to Bottlenecks 1 Panel Discussion 2 Working Papers - Fod Barnes, Bernard Amory and Alexandre Verheyden, Jens Arnbak, Henry Ergas, Herbert Hovenkamp, Gunter Knieps, Daniel Rubinfield and Robert Majur, Joachim Scherer, Herbert Hungerer, James Venit Panel Two: Agreements, Integration and Structural Remedies 1 Panel Discussion 2 Working Papers - Mark Armstrong, Donald Baker, Eleanor Fox, Barry Hawk, Colin Long, Michael Reynolds, Alexander Schaub, Klaus-Dieter Scheurle, Mario Siragusa Panel Three: Institutions and Competence 1 Panel Discussion 2 Working Papers - Ulrich Immenga, Stuart Brotman, Ian Forrester, Frederic Jenny, Bruno Lasserre, Santiago Martinez Lage and Helmut Brokelmann, James Rill, Mary Jean Fell, Richard Park and Sarah Bauers, Giuseppe Tesauro, Robert Verrue, Peter Waters, David Stewart and Andrew Simpson, Dieter Wolf, Dimitri Ypsilanti Afterword - Louisa Gosling