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A major direction in medical research leading to clinical
applications targets the regulation of intracellular calcium and
the various human diseases associated with an altered homeostasis
of this global second messenger. These diseases include, for
example: cardiomyopathy, inflammation, brain disorders, diabetes
and cancer. In Calcium-Binding Proteins and RAGE: from Structural
Basics to Clinical Applications,expert researchers in the field
detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study
calcium binding proteins. These methods and techniques, such as
calcium-measurements, screening methods, clinical chemistry, and
therapy, are generally applicable to many other areas of basic and
medical research as well as to diagnostics. Written in the highly
successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format,
chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of
the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily
reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting
and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and
practical,Calcium-Binding Proteins and RAGE: from Structural Basics
to Clinical Applications underlines the diagnostic and clinical
importance of this family of proteins in human diseases and as drug
targets.
Claus W. Heizmann and Katharina Braun ore than 10,000 articles were
published in 1994 on calcium, M 2 emphasizing the widespread
interest and progress in Ca +- 2 related research. This book
focuses mainly on Ca + -binding pro- 2 teins in the central nervous
system, where Ca + ions have been found to activate fundamental
processes such as release of neu- rotransmitters, axonal flow, long
term potentiation, cell motility, differentiation, secretion, and
apoptosis. It has also been found that a number of
neurodegenerative disorders have been attributed 2 1 to aberrations
of intracellular Ca + homeostasis. 2 2 Intracellular Ca + levels
and Ca + signaling within cells must 2 3 2 be tightly controlled. *
Ca + overload as a result of seizures or ischemia is supposed to
activate biochemical processes, leading to enzymatic breakdown of
proteins and lipids, malfunctioning of 2 mitochondria, energy
failure and ultimately cell death. There is 3 experimental evidence
that electrically induced irreversible depo- larization of
hippocampal neurons, which may be an early indica- 2 tion of
neuronal damage, could be prevented by injecting Ca + chelators and
thereby increasing intracellular buffering capacity. Thus, it is
reasonable to assume that neurons containing certain 2
intracellular Ca +-binding proteins, and therefore having a greater
2 capacity to buffer Ca +, could be more resistant to degeneration.
A major direction in medical research leading to clinical
applications targets the regulation of intracellular calcium and
the various human diseases associated with an altered homeostasis
of this global second messenger. These diseases include, for
example: cardiomyopathy, inflammation, brain disorders, diabetes
and cancer. In Calcium-Binding Proteins and RAGE: from Structural
Basics to Clinical Applications,expert researchers in the field
detail many of the methods which are now commonly used to study
calcium binding proteins. These methods and techniques, such as
calcium-measurements, screening methods, clinical chemistry, and
therapy, are generally applicable to many other areas of basic and
medical research as well as to diagnostics. Written in the highly
successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format,
chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of
the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily
reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting
and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and
practical,Calcium-Binding Proteins and RAGE: from Structural Basics
to Clinical Applications underlines the diagnostic and clinical
importance of this family of proteins in human diseases and as drug
targets.
The First European Symposium on Calcium-Binding Proteins in Normal
and Transformed Cells was held at the Faculty of Medicine of the
"Universit6 Libre de Bruxelles" in Brussels, Belgium, April 20-22,
1989. Delegates from seventeen countries attended. This Symposium
was initiated through an EEC Stimulation Program. The formal
program included forty verbal presentations by invited speakers and
sixty miniposter presentations, and was formulated by the
Organizing and Scientific Committee: E. Carmeliet (Leuven), J. P.
Collin (Poitiers), S. Forsen (Lund), C. W. Heizmann (Ziirich), D.
E. M. Lawson (Cambridge), P. Miroir (Brussels), J. L. Pasteels
(Brussels) and R. Pochet (Brussels). This volume contains the
papers prepared by the invited speakers. The contributions are
grouped according to their general subject matter: Genes of
Calcium-Binding Protein Family, Structure/Function Relationships,
The Cytoskeleton and Calcium-Binding Proteins, Calcium-Binding
Proteins in TransforlIled Cells, Calcium/Lipid-Binding Proteins,
Calcium-Binding Proteins Substrates and Immunohistochemistry of
Calbindin and Calretinin. The highlights of the symposium are
numerous. Among the items to be noted are the growing number of
abundant proteins which interact with calcium and sometimes with
other second messenger sys- tems; specifically pH associated with
the tyrosine kinase calpactin, calcYclin, p9Ka induced by growth
fac- tors, MRP-8 and MRP-14 (also called cystic fibrosis antigen,
L1 or calgranulins) forming half the soluble protein of
granulocytes. New structure/function relationships on calbindin D9K
and calmodulin have emerged from nuclear magnetic resonance and
site-directed mutagenesis studies.
A wide variety of hormones, neurotransmitters and growth factors
exert their cellular effects by reacting first with membrane
receptors resulting in an increase of intracellular calcium and the
cellular response. The calcium signal in the cell is mediated by
the high-affinity calcium binding proteins (characterized by the
EF-hand structural element), and by the calcium and phospholipid
dependent proteins. Many of these have been discovered most
recently. Their purification, distribution, protein and gene
structures as well as their physiological roles are discussed. The
book is of interest to biochemists and molecular biologists as well
as to clinicians and the pharmaceutical industry who can apply the
results in this field.
The enormous and varied role of calcium in living systems is now
widely appreciated by both cell biologists and clinicians. The
identification and characterisation of new calcium binding proteins
and regulatory pathways is matched by the recognition of the
involvement of calcium binding proteins in a growing number of
disease states. This book is intended to introduce clinicians to
fundamental biological research, whilst at the same time attracting
researchers to the clinical world. The publication of the book
coincides with the elucidation of the complete Human Genomic
Sequence. As a result of this, scientists now have access to an
unprecedented array of data, from which new calcium binding
proteins and hence new regulatory pathways will undoubtedly be
discovered. It is a further aim of this book to provide a key' to
open the door to the new postgenomic era. The book is in three
parts. The first section introduces the reader to the role of
calcium in cell biology, providing an appreciation of how this
small, simple, non-metabolisable agent can move rapidly and
silently through the different cellular compartments, thereby
influencing and controlling the fate of the cell. This section also
illustrates and dissects the often-complex interplay between
calcium and numerous agents in muscle and endocrine cells, neurons,
hepatocytes, and platelets. In the second section the reader will
discover the role of calcium and its partners in common diseases
such as migraine and drug dependence. New classes of diseases such
as annexinopathies, channelopathies, calcium-sensing disorders, and
citrullinemia are discussed, and the authors give many new insights
into the molecular mechanisms of the diseases, thereby explaining
how and why they occur. Such information is clearly of primary
importance for the pharmaceutical industry. New ideas and concepts
of neurodegenerative diseases are introduced, which should
stimulate new approaches. Clinicians will also have access, in a
comprehensive and authoritative yet highly readable chapter, to
data from recent large-scale clinical studies on the numerous and
widely prescribed calcium antagonists. The final section gives
information on new methods and devices for calcium imaging, and
illustrates how calcium movement and change can be monitored and
ingeniously utilised as a fast, cheap, and accurate drug screening
instrument.
The enormous and varied role of calcium in living systems is now
widely appreciated by both cell biologists and clinicians. The
identification and characterisation of new calcium binding proteins
and regulatory pathways is matched by the recognition of the
involvement of calcium binding proteins in a growing number of
disease states. This book is intended to introduce clinicians to
fundamental biological research, whilst at the same time attracting
researchers to the clinical world. The publication of the book
coincides with the elucidation of the complete Human Genomic
Sequence. As a result of this, scientists now have access to an
unprecedented array of data, from which new calcium binding
proteins and hence new regulatory pathways will undoubtedly be
discovered. It is a further aim of this book to provide a key' to
open the door to the new postgenomic era. The book is in three
parts. The first section introduces the reader to the role of
calcium in cell biology, providing an appreciation of how this
small, simple, non-metabolisable agent can move rapidly and
silently through the different cellular compartments, thereby
influencing and controlling the fate of the cell. This section also
illustrates and dissects the often-complex interplay between
calcium and numerous agents in muscle and endocrine cells, neurons,
hepatocytes, and platelets. In the second section the reader will
discover the role of calcium and its partners in common diseases
such as migraine and drug dependence. New classes of diseases such
as annexinopathies, channelopathies, calcium-sensing disorders, and
citrullinemia are discussed, and the authors give many new insights
into the molecular mechanisms of the diseases, thereby explaining
how and why they occur. Such information is clearly of primary
importance for the pharmaceutical industry. New ideas and concepts
of neurodegenerative diseases are introduced, which should
stimulate new approaches. Clinicians will also have access, in a
comprehensive and authoritative yet highly readable chapter, to
data from recent large-scale clinical studies on the numerous and
widely prescribed calcium antagonists. The final section gives
information on new methods and devices for calcium imaging, and
illustrates how calcium movement and change can be monitored and
ingeniously utilised as a fast, cheap, and accurate drug screening
instrument.
This detailed volume explores protocols for studying the many
facets of Ca2+-imaging, Ca2+-signaling, and Ca2+-binding along with
background information on the principles and application of these
techniques. The content of the book delves into 48 chapters
including subjects such as data analysis and modern technologies to
study calcium-binding and signaling in cells, the superfamily of
calcium-binding proteins characterized by the EF-hand structural
motif, as well as their use as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers
in Laboratory Medicine and novel therapeutic drug targets. Written
for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series,
chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of
the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily
reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and
avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and comprehensive,
Calcium-Binding Proteins of the EF-Hand Superfamily: From Basics to
Medical Applications presents state-of-the-art, lab-based methods
and easy-to-follow protocols for daily use, making it interesting
for basic and medical researchers, cell- and molecular biologists,
clinicians, clinical chemists, and the diagnostic industry.
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