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Founded in 2000, the German Foundation "Remembrance, Responsibility
and Future" is one of the largest transitional justice initiatives
in history: in cooperation with its international partner
organizations, it has to date paid over 4 billion euros to nearly
1.7 million survivors of forced labour during the Nazi Era. This
volume provides an unparalleled look at the Foundation's creation,
operations, and prospects after nearly two decades of existence,
with valuable insights not just for historians but for a range of
scholars, professionals, and others involved in human rights and
reconciliation efforts.
This volume examines intelligence services since 1945 in their role
as knowledge producers. Intelligence agencies are producers and
providers of arcane information. However, little is known about the
social, cultural and material dimensions of their knowledge
production, processing and distribution. This volume starts from
the assumption that during the Cold War, these core activities of
information services underwent decisive changes, of which
scientization and computerisation are essential. With a focus on
the emerging alliances between intelligence agencies, science and
(computer) technology, the chapters empirically explore these
transformations and are characterised by innovative combinations of
intelligence history with theoretical considerations from the
history of science and technology and the history of knowledge. At
the same time, the book challenges the bipolarity of Cold War
history in general and of intelligence history in particular in
favour of comparative and transnational perspectives. The focus is
not only the Soviet Union and the United States, but also Poland,
Turkey, the two German states and Brazil. This approach reveals
surprising commonalities across systems: time and again, the
expansion and use of intelligence knowledge came up against the
limits that resulted from intelligence culture itself. The book
enriches our global understanding of knowledge of the state and
contributes to a historical framework for the past decade of
debates about the societal consequences of intelligence data
processing. This book will be of much interest to students of
intelligence studies, science and technology studies, security
studies and International Relations.
"A well-structured, ambitious collection of essays, it will
certainly be an essential read for anyone interested in the
anti-Jewish policies of National Socialist Germany and their
long-term consequences for postwar Europe." . H-German The robbery
and restitution of Jewish property are two inextricably linked
social processes. It is not possible to understand the lawsuits and
international agreements on the restoration of Jewish property of
the late 1990s without examining what was robbed and by whom. In
this volume distinguished historians first outline the mechanisms
and scope of the European-wide program of plunder, before assessing
the effectiveness and historical implications of post-war
restitution efforts. Integrating the abundance of new research on
the material effects of the Holocaust and its aftermath, a
comparative perspective is offered on both robbery and restitution,
examining developments in countries such as Germany, Poland, Italy,
France, Belgium, Hungary and the Czech Republic. The international
and interrelated nature of property confiscation initiated by Nazi
Germany and its satellite states offers new insights into the
functions and beneficiaries of state sanctioned robbery. Although
the extent of implementation varied, Jewish spoils were used to
boost support for anti-Jewish policies and prop up ailing war
finances throughout Europe. Thus the combination of personal
enrichment and state plunder were two sides of the same coin. The
prolonged struggles over restitution issues are confronted in the
second section of the book on the basis of eight national studies.
Everywhere the solution of legal and material problems was
intertwined with changing national myths about the war and
conflicting interpretations of justice. Even those countries that
pursued extensive restitution programs using rigorous legal means
were unable to compensate or comprehend fully the scale of Jewish
loss. Especially in Eastern Europe, it was not until the collapse
of communism that even the concept of restoring some Jewish
property rights became a viable option. The legacy of robbery and
restitution offers both a model for redefining the practice of
human rights and keys to understanding the lingering ghosts of
antisemitism in countries where few Jews remain. Martin Dean is a
Research Scholar at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies,
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM). He is the author
of Collaboration in the Holocaust, published in association with
the USHMM in 2000, and of several articles on the confiscation of
Jewish property. From 1992 to 1997 he worked as Senior Historian
for the Metropolitan Police War Crimes Unit. Constantin Goschler
teaches modern history at the Humboldt-University, Berlin. He also
taught at the universities of Prague, Jena and Bochum. His main
fields of interest are transitional justice in the 20th century,
history of science and the history of political ideas in the 19th
century. He published several articles and books on restitution and
indemnification for Nazi victims. Philipp Ther teaches modern
Central and Eastern European History at the European University
Frankfurt/Oder, Germany. His fields of interest are comparative
nationalism studies, migrations and "ethnic cleansing," postwar
social history of Central Europe and most recently the history of
opera theatres in the long 19th century."
The robbery and restitution of Jewish property are two inextricably
linked social processes. It is not possible to understand the
lawsuits and international agreements on the restoration of Jewish
property of the late 1990s without examining what was robbed and by
whom. In this volume distinguished historians first outline the
mechanisms and scope of the European-wide program of plunder and
then assess the effectiveness and historical implications of
post-war restitution efforts. Everywhere the solution of legal and
material problems was intertwined with changing national myths
about the war and conflicting interpretations of justice. Even
those countries that pursued extensive restitution programs using
rigorous legal means were unable to compensate or fully comprehend
the scale of Jewish loss. Especially in Eastern Europe, it was not
until the collapse of communism that the concept of restoring some
Jewish property rights even became a viable option. Integrating the
abundance of new research on the material effects of the Holocaust
and its aftermath, this comparative perspective examines the
developments in Germany, Poland, Italy, France, Belgium, Hungary
and the Czech Republic.
This book brings together a diverse range of international voices
from academia, policymaking and civil society to address the
failure to connect historical dialogue with atrocity prevention
discourse and provide insight into how conflict histories and
historical memory act as dynamic forces, actively facilitating or
deterring current and future conflict. Established on a variety of
international case studies combining theoretical and practical
points of view, the book envisions an integrated understanding of
how historical dialogue can inform policy, education, and the
practice of atrocity prevention. In doing so, it provides a vital
basis for the development of preventive policies sensitive to the
importance of conflict histories and for further academic study on
the topic. It will be of interest to all scholars and students of
history, psychology, peace studies, international relations and
political science.
This volume examines intelligence services since 1945 in their role
as knowledge producers. Intelligence agencies are producers and
providers of arcane information. However, little is known about the
social, cultural and material dimensions of their knowledge
production, processing and distribution. This volume starts from
the assumption that during the Cold War, these core activities of
information services underwent decisive changes, of which
scientization and computerisation are essential. With a focus on
the emerging alliances between intelligence agencies, science and
(computer) technology, the chapters empirically explore these
transformations and are characterised by innovative combinations of
intelligence history with theoretical considerations from the
history of science and technology and the history of knowledge. At
the same time, the book challenges the bipolarity of Cold War
history in general and of intelligence history in particular in
favour of comparative and transnational perspectives. The focus is
not only the Soviet Union and the United States, but also Poland,
Turkey, the two German states and Brazil. This approach reveals
surprising commonalities across systems: time and again, the
expansion and use of intelligence knowledge came up against the
limits that resulted from intelligence culture itself. The book
enriches our global understanding of knowledge of the state and
contributes to a historical framework for the past decade of
debates about the societal consequences of intelligence data
processing. This book will be of much interest to students of
intelligence studies, science and technology studies, security
studies and International Relations.
This book brings together a diverse range of international voices
from academia, policymaking and civil society to address the
failure to connect historical dialogue with atrocity prevention
discourse and provide insight into how conflict histories and
historical memory act as dynamic forces, actively facilitating or
deterring current and future conflict. Established on a variety of
international case studies combining theoretical and practical
points of view, the book envisions an integrated understanding of
how historical dialogue can inform policy, education, and the
practice of atrocity prevention. In doing so, it provides a vital
basis for the development of preventive policies sensitive to the
importance of conflict histories and for further academic study on
the topic. It will be of interest to all scholars and students of
history, psychology, peace studies, international relations and
political science.
- Wo liegt Europa? Was ist Zeitgeschichte? Raume und Zeitrhythmen -
Die Folgen des Zweiten Weltkriegs, Neuordnung und Kalter Krieg,
politische und wirtschaftliche Integrationsprozesse - Die
wirtschaftliche, gesellschaftliche und kulturelle Entwicklung
Europas: Wirtschaftsboom, Migration und Bevolkerungsentwicklung,
Konsum, "Wertewandel" und soziale Ordnungen - Die Vorgeschichte der
Gegenwart: Zivilgesellschaft, Rechtsstaatlichkeit und Terrorismus,
Energie und Umwelt, Technik und Kommunikation"
1. Kapitel: Fruhe Uberlegungen und Plane zur Entschadigung von
Verfolgten des Nationalsozialismus (1936-1945) 2. Kapitel: Erste
Schritte nach dem Ende der nationalsozialistischen Herrschaft -
Fursorge und Rehabilitierung (1945-1947) 3. Kapitel: Normierung der
materiellen Wiedergutmachung in der US-Zone (1945-1949) 4. Kapitel:
Die Praxis der Wiedergutmachung in der US-Zone (1949-1954) 5.
Kapitel: Rahmenbedingungen der Wiedergutmachung in der Fruhzeit der
Bundesrepublik Deutschland 6. Kapitel: Ausbau der Wiedergutmachung
in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland bis 1953"
Walter Schwarz, Die Wiedergutmachung nationalsozialistischen
Unrechts durch die Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Ein Uberblick Karl
Hessdorfer, Die finanzielle Dimension Hans-Dieter Kreikamp, Zur
Entstehung des Entschadigungsgesetzes der amerikanischen
Besatzungszone Constantin Goschler, Der Fall Philipp Auerbach.
Wiedergutmachung in Bayern Nana Sagi, Die Rolle der judischen
Organisationen in den USA und die Claims Conference Yeshayahu A.
Jelinek, Israel und die Anfange der Shilumim Rudolf Huhn, Die
Wiedergutmachungsverhandlungen in Wassenaar Michael Wolffsohn,
Globalentschadigung fur Israel und die Juden? Adenauer und die
Opposition in der Bundesregierung Shlomo Sharif, Die SPD und die
Wiedergutmachung gegenuber Israel Willy Albrecht, ein Wegbereiter
Jakob Altmaier und das Luxemburger Abkommen Norbert Frei, Die
deutsche Wiedergutmachungspolitik gegenuber Israel im Urteil der
offentlichen Meinung der USA Karl Hessdorfer, Die
Entschadigungspraxis im Spannungsfeld von Gesetz, Justiz und
NS-Opfern Hans Gunter Hockerts, Anwalte der Verfolgten. Die United
Restitution Organization Ulrich Herbert, Nicht entschadigungsfahig?
Die Widergutmachungsanspruche der Auslander Wolfgang Benz, Der
Wollheim-Prozess. Zwangsarbeit fur I.G. Farben in Auschwitz Hermann
Langbein, Entschadigung der judischen Gemeindebediensteten William
G. Niederland, Die verkannten Opfer. Spate Entschadigung fur
seelische Schaden Gotthard Jasper, Die disqualifizierten Opfer. Der
Kalte Krieg und die Entschadigung fur Kommunisten Arnold Spitta,
Entschadigung fur Zigeuner? Geschichte eines Vorurteils"
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