This book examines US subnational engagement in foreign relations, or paradiplomacy, with China and Taiwan from 1949 to 2020. As an alternative diplomatic history of the United States' relations with divided China, it offers an in-depth chronological and thematic discussion of state and local communities' responses to the China-Taiwan sovereignty conflict and their impact on US diplomacy. The book explains why paradiplomacy matters not only in the 'low politics' of economic and cultural cooperation, but also in the 'high politics' of diplomatic recognition. Presenting case studies of US states and cities developing policies towards divided China that paralleled, clashed or aligned with those pursued by federal agencies, it also identifies Chinese and Taiwanese objectives and strategies deployed when competing for US subnational ties. Conceptually, the book builds upon Constructivism, redefining paradiplomacy as an institutional fact, reflective of subnational identities and interests, rather than as a subnational pursuit of foreign markets, driven by objective economic forces. Featuring new empirical evidence and a novel conceptual framework for paradiplomacy, The United States' Subnational Relations with Divided China will be a useful resource for students and scholars of US foreign policy, the politics of China and Taiwan, paradiplomacy and international relations.

This book analyses Chinese social constructions of sovereignty in the context of the East China Sea conflict. It specifically explores China and Taiwan's overlapping cross-Strait sovereignty claims and their domestic debates and policies towards the territorial dispute. Providing an up-to-date discussion of the East China Sea conflict, the book challenges conventional assumptions regarding both Beijing's and Taipei's adherence to the classical notion of Westphalian sovereignty. Instead, it brings China and Taiwan into the Constructivist analytical framework and develops a domestic agency-focused approach to demonstrate the social power of ideas and the centrality of domestic actors in the production of sovereignty. Offering a comprehensive examination of Chinese, Taiwanese, Japanese and US responses at the domestic and international levels, the book studies the sovereignty narratives and the coordination of efforts made by the PRC and ROC authorities to counter Japan's territorial claims in the East China Sea. Featuring extensive analysis of the conceptual approaches to understanding Chinese sovereignty, Chinese Constructions of Sovereignty and the East China Sea Conflict will be useful for students and scholars of Chinese and Asian politics, as well as international relations and security studies.

This book examines US subnational engagement in foreign relations, or paradiplomacy, with China and Taiwan from 1949 to 2020. As an alternative diplomatic history of the United States' relations with divided China, it offers an in-depth chronological and thematic discussion of state and local communities' responses to the China-Taiwan sovereignty conflict and their impact on US diplomacy. The book explains why paradiplomacy matters not only in the 'low politics' of economic and cultural cooperation, but also in the 'high politics' of diplomatic recognition. Presenting case studies of US states and cities developing policies towards divided China that paralleled, clashed or aligned with those pursued by federal agencies, it also identifies Chinese and Taiwanese objectives and strategies deployed when competing for US subnational ties. Conceptually, the book builds upon Constructivism, redefining paradiplomacy as an institutional fact, reflective of subnational identities and interests, rather than as a subnational pursuit of foreign markets, driven by objective economic forces. Featuring new empirical evidence and a novel conceptual framework for paradiplomacy, The United States' Subnational Relations with Divided China will be a useful resource for students and scholars of US foreign policy, the politics of China and Taiwan, paradiplomacy and international relations.

This book analyses Chinese social constructions of sovereignty in the context of the East China Sea conflict. It specifically explores China and Taiwan's overlapping cross-Strait sovereignty claims and their domestic debates and policies towards the territorial dispute. Providing an up-to-date discussion of the East China Sea conflict, the book challenges conventional assumptions regarding both Beijing's and Taipei's adherence to the classical notion of Westphalian sovereignty. Instead, it brings China and Taiwan into the Constructivist analytical framework and develops a domestic agency-focused approach to demonstrate the social power of ideas and the centrality of domestic actors in the production of sovereignty. Offering a comprehensive examination of Chinese, Taiwanese, Japanese and US responses at the domestic and international levels, the book studies the sovereignty narratives and the coordination of efforts made by the PRC and ROC authorities to counter Japan's territorial claims in the East China Sea. Featuring extensive analysis of the conceptual approaches to understanding Chinese sovereignty, Chinese Constructions of Sovereignty and the East China Sea Conflict will be useful for students and scholars of Chinese and Asian politics, as well as international relations and security studies.

Taiwan and Post-Communist Europe examines Taiwan's economic diplomacy towards post-communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. The media, and occasionally academia, have often suggested that Taipei resorts to costly aid, trade and investment diplomacy to facilitate its foreign relations, whilst China engages in equally costly counter-economic diplomacy to keep Taiwan isolated. Czeslaw Tubilewicz argues conversely that Beijing's diplomacy in post-communist Europe has demonstrated China's reluctance to employ economic instruments against states violating the 'one-China' principle when cheaper (diplomatic) alternatives are available. Taipei, for its part, has demonstrated that promises of economic assistance are sufficient to induce target states' short term compliance, whilst in the medium to long term Taiwanese economic assistance, conditional upon meeting political criteria, has proved inconsequential due to Taipei's refusal to follow up aid commitments. This book examines the efficacy and limitations of Taipei's frugal economic diplomacy in furthering its broader diplomatic objectives, looking at both Taipei's failure to establish a lasting diplomatic presence in post-communist Europe, but also its success in securing 'substantive' relations with a number of major post-communist states, and thus opening transition economies for its exports and investments. The first in-depth study into Taiwan's economic diplomacy toward post-communist Europe, this book will appeal to readers interested in Taiwan and China studies, diplomacy, Asian studies and international relations.

Taiwan and Post-Communist Europe examines Taiwan's economic diplomacy towards post-communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. The media, and occasionally academia, have often suggested that Taipei resorts to costly aid, trade and investment diplomacy to facilitate its foreign relations, whilst China engages in equally costly counter-economic diplomacy to keep Taiwan isolated. Czeslaw Tubilewicz argues conversely that Beijing's diplomacy in post-communist Europe has demonstrated China's reluctance to employ economic instruments against states violating the 'one-China' principle when cheaper (diplomatic) alternatives are available. Taipei, for its part, has demonstrated that promises of economic assistance are sufficient to induce target states' short term compliance, whilst in the medium to long term Taiwanese economic assistance, conditional upon meeting political criteria, has proved inconsequential due to Taipei's refusal to follow up aid commitments.

This book examines the efficacy and limitations of Taipei's frugal economic diplomacy in furthering its broader diplomatic objectives, looking at both Taipei's failure to establish a lasting diplomatic presence in post-communist Europe, but also its success in securing 'substantive' relations with a number of major post-communist states, and thus opening transition economies for its exports and investments. The first in-depth study into Taiwan's economic diplomacy toward post-communist Europe, this book will appeal to readers interested in Taiwan and China studies, diplomacy, Asian studies and international relations.