Chapter 9 of Aristotle's "On Interpretation" deals with determinism, and here the two influential commentaries of Ammonius and Boethius have been published together. These are crucial works, for Ammonuis' commentary influenced the Islamic Middle Ages, while that of Boethius was of equal importance to medieval Latin-speaking philosophers. It was once argued that Boethius was influenced by Ammonius, and this work aims to show that this was clearly not the case. Ammonius draws on the fourth- and fifth-century Neoplatonists Iamblichus, Syrianus and Proclus. He arranges his argument around three major deterministic arguments and is our main source for one of them, the Reaper argument. Boethius, on the other hand, draws on controversies from 300 years earlier between Stoics and Aristotelians as recorded by Alexander of Aphrodisias and Porphyry.

Western Views of Islam in Medieval and Early Modern Europe considers the various attitudes of European religious and secular writers towards Islam during the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period. Examining works from England, France, Italy, the Holy Lands, and Spain, the essays in this volume explore the reactions of Westerners to the culture and religion of Islam. Many of the works studied reveal the hostility toward Islam of Europeans and the creation of negative stereotypes of Muslims by Western writers. These essays also reveal attempts at accommodation and understanding that stand in contrast to the prevailing hostility that existed then and, in some ways, exists still today.

There is considerable debate across the Air Force on the best way to functionally organize flight line aircraft maintenance. The latest organizational iteration has placed a lieutenant colonel aircraft maintainer in the Operations Group as the Deputy Operations Group Commander for Maintenance (DOGM). The purpose of this research is to determine the unit (base) level satisfaction with the DOGM concept and to capture suggestions from the field to improve the DOGM's effectiveness. With no formal research on this new duty position, the primary instrument for data collection was a survey drafted by the research author and sent to senior operations and maintenance leaders at fourteen bases in Air Combat Command, United States Air Forces in Europe, and Air Education and Training Command. Satisfaction results showed an overall rating just above neutral as measured using a five-point Likert scale. Survey comments indicated a perceived lack of clearly defined responsibilities in the maintenance instructions and insufficient authority vested in the position were the most important factors detracting from DOGM effectiveness. There were a number of recommendations from survey respondents aimed at improving the position's effectiveness. Some were as simple as including DOGM responsibilities in 21-101 maintenance series instructions.