Nanotechnology is the novel technology that enables the control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where exclusive phenomena allow novel systems and applications to arise. In other words, nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating atoms, molecules and matter at nanometric length scales, to create new systems, materials, and devices. The field of nanotechnology delivers opportunities and challenges for scientists and technologists for the development of new materials and systems with greater functionality and speed. The rapidly emerging innovations in nano systems have enabled the creation of new sensors, transducers and measurement devices with great improvements in sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, along with significant size reductions. Nanotechnology and nano engineering stand to produce significant scientific and technological advances in diverse fields including medicine and physiology, automation, space research, and sensor technology. Also, recent advances in computational nanoscience enables scientists and technologists to study nano materials and nano systems more efficiently with the help of mathematical models and simulation techniques. This edited book aims to provide useful scientific discussions on the recent advances in nano systems and computational techniques covering topics in the diverse fields of biomedical engineering, automobile engineering, mechatronics, materials technology and renewable energy.