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Depression has become the most frequently diagnosed chronic mental
illness, and is a disability encountered almost daily by mental
health professionals of all trades. "Major Depression" is a medical
disease, which some would argue has reached epidemic proportions in
contemporary society, and it affects our bodies and brains just
like any other disease. Why, this book asks, has the incidence of
depression been on such an increase in the last 50 years, if our
basic biology hasn't changed as rapidly? To find answers, Dr.
Blazer looks at the social forces, cultural and environmental
upheavals, and other external, group factors that have undergone
significant change. In so doing, the author revives the tenets of
social psychiatry, the process of looking at social trends,
environmental factors, and correlations among groups in efforts to
understand psychiatric disorders.
Depression has become the most frequently diagnosed chronic mental
illness, and is a disability encountered almost daily by mental
health professionals of all trades. Major depression is a medical
disease, which some would argue has reached epidemic proportions in
contemporary society, and it affects our bodies and brains just
like any other disease. The Age of Melancholy asks why the
incidence of depression has been on such an increase in the last 50
years, if our basic biology hasn't changed as rapidly. To find
answers, Dr. Blazer looks at the social forces, cultural and
environmental upheavals, and other external, group factors that
have undergone significant change. In so doing, the author revives
the tenets of social psychiatry, the process of looking at social
trends, environmental factors, and correlations among groups in
efforts to understand psychiatric disorders. The biomedical model
of psychiatry that has dominated the field for the past
half-century has faced minimal scrutiny, due in part to the
apparent advances made in the treatment of mental health issues
during that time. But, Dr. to complement and complete the model,
and he points to two concurrent trends for support: during the same
50-year period that saw the death of social psychiatry, the rate of
occurrence and increasing medicalization of depression as a
secluded individual's issue have brought us to the Prozac era. In
making the case for the connection of these two trends (both the
products themselves of larger social and cultural movements), the
author proposes a return of a new, more mature social psychiatry,
to complete - not replace - the biomedical and clinical research
models in place today. This book is eminently readable, and should
appeal to a broader audience than the psychiatrists, clinicians,
and researchers who will make up the primary audience. While
replete with the standard mental health references, sound research,
and authored by a recognized and respected professional, the ease
of language and range of examples make this text accessible to a
lay reader. This book should have cross-over appeal in sociology as
well as social work and psychology.
Contemporary Surgical Management of Liver, Biliary Tract, and
Pancreatic Diseases presents an excellent resource for surgical
residents, hepatobiliary fellows and practicing surgeons interested
in hepatobiliary surgery. This textbook offers a readable, concise
and practical alternative. It is divided into three sections:
liver, biliary tract, and pancreatic diseases. Each section covers
the spectrum of benign and malignant disease. In addition, several
chapters in each section are devoted to surgical techniques. This
textbook should ultimately serve as an essential source for the
rapidly evolving field of hepatobiliary surgery and its
practitioners.
The loss of hearing - be it gradual or acute, mild or severe,
present since birth or acquired in older age - can have significant
effects on one's communication abilities, quality of life, social
participation, and health. Despite this, many people with hearing
loss do not seek or receive hearing health care. The reasons are
numerous, complex, and often interconnected. For some, hearing
health care is not affordable. For others, the appropriate services
are difficult to access, or individuals do not know how or where to
access them. Others may not want to deal with the stigma that they
and society may associate with needing hearing health care and
obtaining that care. Still others do not recognize they need
hearing health care, as hearing loss is an invisible health
condition that often worsens gradually over time. In the United
States, an estimated 30 million individuals (12.7 percent of
Americans ages 12 years or older) have hearing loss. Globally,
hearing loss has been identified as the fifth leading cause of
years lived with disability. Successful hearing health care enables
individuals with hearing loss to have the freedom to communicate in
their environments in ways that are culturally appropriate and that
preserve their dignity and function. Hearing Health Care for Adults
focuses on improving the accessibility and affordability of hearing
health care for adults of all ages. This study examines the hearing
health care system, with a focus on non-surgical technologies and
services, and offers recommendations for improving access to, the
affordability of, and the quality of hearing health care for adults
of all ages. Table of Contents Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction
2 Hearing Loss: Extent, Impact, and Research Needs 3 Hearing Health
Care Services: Improving Access and Quality 4 Hearing Technologies:
Expanding Options 5 Improving Affordability of Services and
Technologies 6 Engaging a Wider Community: Awareness, Education,
and Support 7 Opportunities for Action Appendix A: Meeting Agendas
Appendix B: Committee Biographies
For most Americans, staying "mentally sharp" as they age is a very
high priority. Declines in memory and decision-making abilities may
trigger fears of Alzheimer's disease or other neurodegenerative
diseases. However, cognitive aging is a natural process that can
have both positive and negative effects on cognitive function in
older adults - effects that vary widely among individuals. At this
point in time, when the older population is rapidly growing in the
United States and across the globe, it is important to examine what
is known about cognitive aging and to identify and promote actions
that individuals, organizations, communities, and society can take
to help older adults maintain and improve their cognitive health.
Cognitive Aging assesses the public health dimensions of cognitive
aging with an emphasis on definitions and terminology, epidemiology
and surveillance, prevention and intervention, education of health
professionals, and public awareness and education. This report
makes specific recommendations for individuals to reduce the risks
of cognitive decline with aging. Aging is inevitable, but there are
actions that can be taken by individuals, families, communities,
and society that may help to prevent or ameliorate the impact of
aging on the brain, understand more about its impact, and help
older adults live more fully and independent lives. Cognitive aging
is not just an individual or a family or a health care system
challenge. It is an issue that affects the fabric of society and
requires actions by many and varied stakeholders. Cognitive Aging
offers clear steps that individuals, families, communities, health
care providers and systems, financial organizations, community
groups, public health agencies, and others can take to promote
cognitive health and to help older adults live fuller and more
independent lives. Ultimately, this report calls for a societal
commitment to cognitive aging as a public health issue that
requires prompt action across many sectors. Table of Contents Front
Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Characterizing and Assessing
Cognitive Aging 3 Population-Based Information About Cognitive
Aging 4A Risk and Protective Factors and Interventions: Lifestyle
and Physical Environment 4B Risk and Protective Factors and
Interventions: Health and Medical Factors 4C Risk and Protective
Factors and Interventions: General Cognitive Aging Interventions
and Next Steps 5 Health Care Response to Cognitive Aging 6
Community Action: Health, Financial Management, Driving,
Technology, and Consumer Decisions 7 Public Education and Key
Messages 8 Opportunities for Action Appendix A: Meeting Agendas
Appendix B: U.S. Surveys and Studies That Include One or More Items
to Measure Cognition Appendix C: Committee Biographies
Over the past century, we have made great strides in reducing rates
of disease and enhancing people's general health. Public health
measures such as sanitation, improved hygiene, and vaccines;
reduced hazards in the workplace; new drugs and clinical
procedures; and, more recently, a growing understanding of the
human genome have each played a role in extending the duration and
raising the quality of human life. But research conducted over the
past few decades shows us that this progress, much of which was
based on investigating one causative factor at a
time—often, through a single discipline or by a narrow
range of practitioners—can only go so far. Genes,
Behavior, and the Social Environment examines a number of
well-described gene-environment interactions, reviews the state of
the science in researching such interactions, and recommends
priorities not only for research itself but also for its workforce,
resource, and infrastructural needs. Table of Contents Front Matter
Summary 1 Introduction 2 The Impact of Social and Cultural
Environment on Health 3 Genetics and Health 4 Genetic,
Environmental, and Personality Determinants of Health Risk
Behaviors 5 Sex/Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Health 6 Embedded
Relationships Among Social, Behavioral, and Genetic Factors 7
Animal Models 8 Study Design and Analysis for Assessment of
Interactions 9 Infrastructure 10 Ethical, Legal, and Social
Implications 11 Conclusion Appendix A Methodology: Data Collection
and Analysis Appendix B Recommendation from the National Academy of
Sciences Report, Facilitating Interdisciplinary Research Appendix C
Social Environmental and Genetic Influences on Obesity and
Obesity-Promoting Behaviors Appendix D The Interaction of Social,
Behavioral, and Genetic Factors in Sickle-Cell Disease Appendix E
Modern Epidemiologic Approaches to Interaction: Applications to the
Study of Genetic Interactions Appendix F Acronyms Appendix G
Biographical Sketches Index
Popular culture often equates testosterone with virility, strength,
and the macho male physique. Viewed by some as an a /antiaging
tonic,a testosteronea (TM)s reputation and increased use by men of
all ages in the United States have outpaced the scientific evidence
about its potential benefits and risks. In particular there has
been growing concern about an increase in the number of middle-aged
and older men using testosterone and the lack of scientific data on
the effect it may have on aging males. Studies of testosterone
replacement therapy in older men have generally been of short
duration, involving small numbers of participants and often lacking
adequate controls. Testosterone and Aging weighs the options of
future research directions, examines the risks and benefits of
testosterone replacement therapy, assesses the potential public
health impact of such therapy in the United States, and considers
ethical issues related to the conduct of clinical trials.
Testosterone therapy remains an attractive option to many men even
as speculation abounds regarding its potential.
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