This book examines service-learning - a valuable means of promoting civic engagement and youth leadership in students by enabling them to apply their knowledge to needy people in the community. It describes selected service-learning projects in different areas by highlighting the subjects being offered, service site(s), completed service projects, evaluation findings and teachers' reflections. Although service-learning has increased tremendously in the West, its development in different Chinese societies is still in its infancy. As such, this book provides valuable insights on the implementation and future directions of the service-learning movement in China by documenting lessons learned and sharing success stories. It also discusses related evaluation findings and impacts on students to show that service-learning can increase students' empathy, social awareness, social responsibility and psychosocial skills and as a result can improve their quality of life. In addition, the book highlights how service-learning activities promote the well-being of the clients and communities being served. It also stimulates thinking and sharpens the thoughts of educators, administrators and those who wish to promote the quality of life of students and service recipients through service-learning.

This book provides an in-depth, multi-faceted look into capacity building for service-learning, using the case of the higher education landscape in Hong Kong. Service-learning has been proven to be an effective pedagogy for the holistic development of students, as well as promotion of their well-being. It also attempts to promote the well-being of the service recipients and the community. While service-learning is becoming increasingly popular in many higher educational institutions around the world, the learning gains that can be attained from service-learning are only as good as the learning experience allows, and poorly-developed or motivated service-learning may potentially do adverse harm to students and the community. This book reinforces the imperative to enhance the capacity of the institution, teachers, students and community partners by exploring a diverse range of methods for achieving capacity building among different stakeholders. Examples of the methods explored include formal course-based professional development, scale development, action research, and communities of practice. Furthermore, the book includes a series of detailed, qualitative case studies that are aimed at embodying good practice, unpacking "what matters" from service-learning. Aa a useful resource for scholars and educators who are passionate about holistic youth leadership development, this book is also relevant to researchers in the intersection between well-being and higher education.

This book outlines the development of service leadership curricula, programs and materials designed for university students in Hong Kong. In addition, it includes evaluation studies and specific service leadership programs, making it a pioneering book that integrates service leadership and student wellbeing for Chinese university students. In view of the transformation of industries resulting in shifts from manufacturing economies to service economies, the book takes a holistic approach to leadership development, focusing on three basic components of effective service leadership that are closely related to student wellbeing: leadership competencies such as emotional intelligence and resilience, moral character, and a caring disposition. This approach represents a move away from literature that emphasizes the elite leadership model, assuming that leadership is the privilege of a talented few. By extension, it argues that the promotion of service leadership qualities is a good strategy for promoting student wellness. The individual chapters are extended versions of papers presented at the "International Conference on Service Leadership Education for University Students: Experience in Hong Kong," which was held in May 2014. The book offers a valuable contribution to Chinese and global academic literature on service leadership and will benefit researchers and educators alike.

This book reviews the theories regarding commonly occurring developmental issues among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong, the application of Positive Youth Development (PYD) to a large-scale primary prevention program and the impact of PYD on student well-being, indexed according to adolescent developmental issue. Using multiple strategies, it presents the overall constructs and frameworks supporting P.A.T.H.S. in response to the various psychosocial needs of Hong Kong's youth. Some of the issues covered include substance abuse, sexual behavior, internet addiction, bullying and cyber-bullying. The book argues for the effectiveness of the school-based program in promoting student well-being in modern Hong Kong society and will be of interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students, university instructors, researchers, social workers, pediatricians, youth workers, educators, administrators, psychologists, school principals and allied professionals looking to promote whole-person development in junior form students and especially those with an interest in education in China.

This book outlines the development of service leadership curricula, programs and materials designed for university students in Hong Kong. In addition, it includes evaluation studies and specific service leadership programs, making it a pioneering book that integrates service leadership and student wellbeing for Chinese university students. In view of the transformation of industries resulting in shifts from manufacturing economies to service economies, the book takes a holistic approach to leadership development, focusing on three basic components of effective service leadership that are closely related to student wellbeing: leadership competencies such as emotional intelligence and resilience, moral character, and a caring disposition. This approach represents a move away from literature that emphasizes the elite leadership model, assuming that leadership is the privilege of a talented few. By extension, it argues that the promotion of service leadership qualities is a good strategy for promoting student wellness. The individual chapters are extended versions of papers presented at the "International Conference on Service Leadership Education for University Students: Experience in Hong Kong," which was held in May 2014. The book offers a valuable contribution to Chinese and global academic literature on service leadership and will benefit researchers and educators alike.

An examination of the major academic databases shows that there is a severe lack of studies of the quality of life of Chinese people. This picture deserves attention, particularly in view of the growing influence of China in the global arena. This book examines quality of life in Chinese people in different Chinese communities, including Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau. It is pioneer in the field and it has several unique features. First, in view of the lack of studies on Chinese family quality of life, this book contains papers on Chinese family quality of life. Second, in response to the lack of studies on the quality of life of Chinese adolescents, several papers on adolescent assessment, theory and intervention are included. Third, several papers examine quality of life of Chinese people in different stages of the life cycle. Finally, to give a broad picture about quality of life phenomena, papers adopting quantitative and qualitative methodologies are included in this book.

Youth gambling represents a potentially serious public policy and health issue. Nevertheless, the rise in youth gambling issues and problems in the global context is not matched with a parallel increase in research on adolescent gambling. As such, there is an urgent need to conduct more studies on adolescent gambling behaviour. Recently significant advances in the knowledge of the risk factors associated with adolescent problems has emerged. This book addresses issues related to prevalence, assessment, prevention and treatment of youth gambling problems as well as concerns related to technological changes associated with youth problem gambling.

The majority of studies on the quality of life have been conducted in Western contexts and are based on Western participants. Comparatively speaking, there are only a few studies that have been conducted in different Chinese contexts. Also, there are fewer QOL studies based on children and adolescents, or studies that examine the relationship between QOL and economic disadvantage. In addition, more research is needed to address the methodological issues related to the assessment of quality of life.

This volume is a constructive response to the challenges described above. It is the first book to cover research in Chinese, Western and global contexts in a single volume. It is a ground-breaking volume in which Chinese studies on the quality of life are collected. The book includes papers addressing family QOL, quality of life in adolescents experiencing economic disadvantage, and methodological issues in the assessment of QOL. It is written by researchers working in a variety of disciplines.

An examination of the major academic databases shows that there is a severe lack of studies of the quality of life of Chinese people. This picture deserves attention, particularly in view of the growing influence of China in the global arena. This book examines quality of life in Chinese people in different Chinese communities, including Hong Kong, Taiwan and Macau. It is pioneer in the field and it has several unique features. First, in view of the lack of studies on Chinese family quality of life, this book contains papers on Chinese family quality of life. Second, in response to the lack of studies on the quality of life of Chinese adolescents, several papers on adolescent assessment, theory and intervention are included. Third, several papers examine quality of life of Chinese people in different stages of the life cycle. Finally, to give a broad picture about quality of life phenomena, papers adopting quantitative and qualitative methodologies are included in this book.

The majority of studies on the quality of life have been conducted in Western contexts and are based on Western participants. Comparatively speaking, there are only a few studies that have been conducted in different Chinese contexts. Also, there are fewer QOL studies based on children and adolescents, or studies that examine the relationship between QOL and economic disadvantage. In addition, more research is needed to address the methodological issues related to the assessment of quality of life.

This volume is a constructive response to the challenges described above. It is the first book to cover research in Chinese, Western and global contexts in a single volume. It is a ground-breaking volume in which Chinese studies on the quality of life are collected. The book includes papers addressing family QOL, quality of life in adolescents experiencing economic disadvantage, and methodological issues in the assessment of QOL. It is written by researchers working in a variety of disciplines.

Leadership training is beneficial for the development of every human being, but few leadership models have focused on leadership qualities under service economies. In view of the lack of leadership models designed for service economies, the service leadership model was proposed by the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management. To promote service leadership in the growing service economies, there is an obvious need to develop service leadership education for young people, particularly university students who are pillars of society in the future. In this book, the core beliefs and basic assertions of the service leadership model are highlighted, and integration of Western notions of leadership and Chinese philosophies (e.g., Confucian virtues) is attempted. Students are expected to integrate the academic content of the subject with their real life experiences. Finally, several evaluation mechanisms have been used to evaluate the subject. The authors' hope to generate more interest, discussion, and further development of service leadership education within and outside of Hong Kong.

Using the experience from the United States on positive youth development, researchers in Hong Kong developed the Project P.A.T.H.S., trained the potential program implementers and evaluated the developed programs. Because of the overwhelming success of the project in Hong Kong, the project was piloted in mainland China for several years. This project (supported by the Tin Ka Ping Foundation) was piloted in four cities in East China (Shanghai, Suzhou, Changzhou and Yangzhou) from 2011 to 2014. In this book, we present the training program in mainland China and also a leadership project for university students at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. The chapters underscore the importance of evaluation, and we hope that the findings will motivate university teachers and others to utilise positive youth development principles within and outside of Hong Kong.

In this book, we have looked at some aspects commonly found in urban cities within developed countries. Although the chapters are all from Hong Kong (China's most international city) with a focus on Chinese children and adolescents, key developmental issues are reviewed and new research agenda are discussed with implications for other cultures and cities. This book might be of interest to researchers who want to develop a new framework for understanding some of the most intriguing developmental issues of today's youth. They may find new perspectives and precious hints for planning future research. In addition, teachers, psychologists, social workers, and mental health practitioners in general should also be interested, as they need to design prevention or intervention programs to reduce the risk factors for adolescents. Finally, we hope it may be a resource for everyone involved at any level with the promotion of positive youth development.

Research findings has shown that there are developmental issues and concerns regarding the development of university students in Hong Kong. First, there were behavioural and lifestyle problems of university students, including alcohol consumption, internet addiction, cyber-pornography, irregular sleep patterns, and interpersonal violence. Second, phenomena of mental health problems of university students, such as suicidal ideation, depression, and anxiety problems were observed. Third, some university students showed problems in setting personal goals, low self-confidence and preoccupation with materialistic values. Finally, egocentrism and lack of civic engagement was not uncommon amongst university students. How should we nurture university students? Against this background, a subject entitled "Tomorrow's Leaders" was developed at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University in Hong Kong, China. The term "tomorrow's leaders" was used because we believe that every student is (and can be) a leader and development of positive youth development attributes is an important step. In this book you will find chapters describing this pilot project to nurture positive development and leadership among Chinese university students in Hong Kong.

This book examines service-learning - a valuable means of promoting civic engagement and youth leadership in students by enabling them to apply their knowledge to needy people in the community. It describes selected service-learning projects in different areas by highlighting the subjects being offered, service site(s), completed service projects, evaluation findings and teachers' reflections. Although service-learning has increased tremendously in the West, its development in different Chinese societies is still in its infancy. As such, this book provides valuable insights on the implementation and future directions of the service-learning movement in China by documenting lessons learned and sharing success stories. It also discusses related evaluation findings and impacts on students to show that service-learning can increase students' empathy, social awareness, social responsibility and psychosocial skills and as a result can improve their quality of life. In addition, the book highlights how service-learning activities promote the well-being of the clients and communities being served. It also stimulates thinking and sharpens the thoughts of educators, administrators and those who wish to promote the quality of life of students and service recipients through service-learning.

This book reviews the theories regarding commonly occurring developmental issues among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong, the application of Positive Youth Development (PYD) to a large-scale primary prevention program and the impact of PYD on student well-being, indexed according to adolescent developmental issue. Using multiple strategies, it presents the overall constructs and frameworks supporting P.A.T.H.S. in response to the various psychosocial needs of Hong Kong's youth. Some of the issues covered include substance abuse, sexual behavior, internet addiction, bullying and cyber-bullying. The book argues for the effectiveness of the school-based program in promoting student well-being in modern Hong Kong society and will be of interest to undergraduate and postgraduate students, university instructors, researchers, social workers, pediatricians, youth workers, educators, administrators, psychologists, school principals and allied professionals looking to promote whole-person development in junior form students and especially those with an interest in education in China.

How can leadership in service economies be developed and nurtured? This issue is of the utmost importance, because the mode of production and requirements of the leaders are different in manufacturing and service economies. While the focus in manufacturing industries is on do things right, the focus of services economies is on do the right things. In this book, the authors start out with the Service Leadership Model as well as the ingredients for Service Leadership knowledge, attitude and behaviors (i.e., skills). Second, psychometric properties of three validated measures on Service Leadership knowledge, attitude and behavior are presented. In these chapters, the internal consistency, convergent validity and factorial validity of the measures are presented. Third, the psychosocial correlates and norms associated with these three measures of Service Leadership are presented. Through these chapters, the authors attempt to establish the psychometric properties and norms of the scales assessing Service Leadership knowledge, attitude and behavior. It is their humble wish that the related work and the developed assessment tools can be used in the training, personnel decisions, intervention and research contexts.

Young people are expected to learn academic or technical knowledge in a manufacturing economy, which can be referred to as hard skills (for example, to produce a car through assembly lines). In many countries today, countries have been shifting from a manufacturing economy to a service economy, which has resulted in young people expecting to gain skills that are non-technical and widely transferable to different settings. This skills are referred to as soft skills, which are basically related to the qualities of an individual. In this book, the authors include several chapters on soft skills development in adolescents with particular reference to Chinese culture. This book includes conclusions based on the data collected from the third year of the community-based P.A.T.H.S. Project in Hong Kong. It also discusses dreams, aspirations, hopes and related constructs in Chinese adolescents. Additionally, the authors also present chapters on the relationships between pornography consumption and positive youth development qualities; and the last few chapters document attempts to promote soft skills in university students. With the emergence and consolidation of a service or knowledge-based economy, the desired qualities in adolescents have changed. Obviously, soft skills development plays an important role in the employability of young people. It is also vital to the complete development of young people as individuals in the present and future.

Adolescent developmental issues are growing globally; studies show that the percentage of adolescent mental health issues such as depression and suicide continues to escalate. Adolescent addiction problems such as substance abuse, pathological gambling and Internet addiction are intensifying. Furthermore, interpersonal problems such as violence and bullying have grown in different forms, particularly in view of the growing development of social media such as Facebook. In many studies, it was estimated that around one-fifth of adolescents may require professional help because of their psychosocial problems. In this book, the authors present the first known scientific study on the psychosocial development in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong. A large sample was used and validated measures of positive youth development, family functioning, parent-child relational processes and adolescent risk behaviour were included in the study.

With the conclusion of adolescence, a child develops into a teenager that may experiment with dating, smoking and drinking, and they may make important decisions without parental knowledge or guidance. These teenagers may also engage in risky behaviour, which may pose as a threat to their well-being and successful transition into adulthood. With this in mind, how can we can prevent adolescent risk behaviour? Traditionally, prevention scientists propose three forms of prevention. Primarily, attempts to reduce the harmful consequences of risk behaviour, such as treatment of risk behaviour (ie: mental disorders or substance abuse) are ideal. For some problematic behaviour which has already occurred, a better approach is to identify those who are at-risk as early as possible (ie: secondary prevention). For example, youth workers may identify those who have suicidal ideation and intervene as early as possible so that they will not harm themselves. In this book, the authors assess whether a community-based program in Hong Kong was effective in promoting adolescent development and explore what factors were associated with the program effects. The authors hope that the studies included in this book can help to reveal the successful experience of the project and provide some pointers for the development of programs for adolescents with greater psychosocial needs.

In this book, some other attributes of service leadership and the related curriculum materials are introduced. The first one is moral character. While generic leadership competences are important, they are simply not enough. The reason is simple. Without moral character, greed and lust for power will dominate leadership and the related work. Therefore, moral character such as integrity, self-sacrifice, honesty and authenticity are emphasised. Although there are different models of character strengths, some universal commonalities can be found across different approaches, such as integrity in leaders. The second attribute is caring disposition which refers to valuing the needs and experiences of the service recipients and the habitat. In contrast to mere customer service or industrialisation of service, caring disposition means concern and empathy for other people. Besides the two attributes, other service leadership attributes including self-leadership, relationship development and maintenance and mentorship are discussed, and it is our modest hope that other colleagues can have more understanding of the service leadership model proposed by the Hong Kong Institute of Service Leadership and Management, as well as the related curriculum so that more university students will benefit from service leadership education locally and globally.

Adolescent risk behavior is a growing problem in the global context. In many places, efforts are carried out to prevent the occurrence of adolescent risk behavior and to identify the best intervention options. In view of the growing magnitude of adolescent risk behavior, one question is how we can "explain" such behavior. Traditionally, people tend to find answers "within" adolescents. Explanations such as "weak mindedness", "lack of determination" and "laziness" have been shared in people in different cultures. While these beliefs are widely held, there is no scientific support for such explanations. Fundamentally, promotion of psychosocial competencies is at the heart of positive youth development and psychosocial competence is closely related to leadership skills in adolescents. In view of the developmental issues faced by Chinese university students and taking advantage of higher education reform in Hong Kong, a subject entitled "Tomorrow's Leaders" is offered to around 2,000 students every year. Based on our evaluation of this project, we strongly encourage colleagues to make similar initiatives elsewhere to create leadership for the future.

Human development research commonly addresses the "what", "when", "how", "why", "who", and "where" of human development. For example, with reference to the development of resilience in adolescence, researchers often ask what are the components of resilience ("what"), their development at different time points ("when"), and the related trajectories ("how"). Researchers also attempt to understand factors influencing resilience ("why") in different adolescents ("who") in different cultures ("where"). In many adolescent research studies, researchers are interested in asking questions about "relationships" among developmental events and concepts, such as the relationship between the family environment and resilience. Besides, research questions regarding "differences" are raised by researchers, such as differences between early adolescents and late adolescents on resilience, and differences in resilience in Chinese and African adolescents. Against this background we present in this book several chapters on the statistical analyses in human development research using real-life datasets based on the positive youth development project (P.A.T.H.S.) in Hong Kong in a pioneer attempt using different Chinese contexts with the wish that we can facilitate Chinese researchers to understand human development research and understand more about statistical analyses.

This book is based upon a special issue published in the International Journal on Disability and Human Development and permission has been obtained from the publisher De Gruyter in Berlin to publish this modified version of the papers in this book. We earnestly hope that through the special issue and this book, that more attention will be put on the developmental problems of university students and ways to promote holistic development of university students in the context of higher education.

This book is based upon a special issue published in the International Journal on Disability and Human Development and permission has been obtained from the publisher De Gruyter in Berlin to publish this modified version of the papers in this book. There are several areas of research that should be conducted with reference to Chinese adolescents experiencing economic disadvantage. First, there is a need to understand how factors in different ecological systems influence the psychological well-being of poor adolescents. Second, as family social capital is an important resource within families experiencing economic disadvantage, studies on how different family processes affect adolescent development should be carried out. Third, as far as adolescent developmental outcomes are concerned, it is argued that besides measures of morbidity and symptoms, adolescent developmental assets and strengths should be studied. Fourth, as studies on parental differences on family processes are almost non-existent in the context of poverty, it is important to study this issue in adolescents experiencing economic disadvantage. In response to these research gaps, they were examined in the papers in this special issue. In this book, several papers reporting evaluation findings for the second piloting exercise are included. Because there are few validated positive youth development programs in the Chinese context, it is our modest wish that the accumulated evidence can give us some insights about the usefulness of having positive youth development subjects designed for university students.