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This book is dedicated to the new two-dimensional
one-atomic-layer-thick materials such as graphene, metallic
chalcogenides, silicene and other 2D materials. The book describes
their main physical properties and applications in nanoelctronics,
photonics, sensing and computing. A large part of the book deals
with graphene and its amazing physical properties. Another
important part of the book deals with semiconductor monolayers such
as MoS2 with impressive applications in photonics, and electronics.
Silicene and germanene are the atom-thick counterparts of silicon
and germanium with impressive applications in electronics and
photonics which are still unexplored. Consideration of
two-dimensional electron gas devices conclude the treatment. The
physics of 2DEG is explained in detail and the applications in THz
and IR region are discussed. Both authors are working currently on
these 2D materials developing theory and applications.
This book is dedicated to the new two-dimensional
one-atomic-layer-thick materials such as graphene, metallic
chalcogenides, silicene and other 2D materials. The book describes
their main physical properties and applications in nanoelctronics,
photonics, sensing and computing. A large part of the book deals
with graphene and its amazing physical properties. Another
important part of the book deals with semiconductor monolayers such
as MoS2 with impressive applications in photonics, and electronics.
Silicene and germanene are the atom-thick counterparts of silicon
and germanium with impressive applications in electronics and
photonics which are still unexplored. Consideration of
two-dimensional electron gas devices conclude the treatment. The
physics of 2DEG is explained in detail and the applications in THz
and IR region are discussed. Both authors are working currently on
these 2D materials developing theory and applications.
It is unanimously accepted that the quantum and the classical
descriptions of the physical reality are very different, although
any quantum process is "mysteriously" transformed through
measurement into an observable classical event. Beyond the
conceptual differences, quantum and classical physics have a lot in
common. And, more important, there are classical and quantum
phenomena that are similar although they occur in completely
different contexts. For example, the Schrodinger equation has the
same mathematical form as the Helmholtz equation, there is an
uncertainty relation in optics very similar to that in quantum
mechanics, and so on; the list of examples is very long.
Quantum-classical analogies have been used in recent years to study
many quantum laws or phenomena at the macroscopic scale, to design
and simulate mesoscopic devices at the macroscopic scale, to
implement quantum computer algorithms with classical means, etc. On
the other hand, the new forms of light - localized light, frozen
light - seem to have more in common with solid state physics than
with classical optics. So these analogies are a valuable tool in
the quest to understand quantum phenomena and in the search for new
(quantum or classical) applications, especially in the area of
quantum devices and computing."
This book gives the first unified presentation of the physics and applications of optoelectronic devices. It covers the devices whose operation relies on the properties of quantum wells and fiber optics as well as their applications for optical communications and optical signal processing. The reader will benefit from a comprehensive mathematical treatment and from a state of the art presentation of the latest results in applied optoelectronics and semiconductor physics. The two different and complementary physical theories for describing optoelectronic devices, namely the electromagnetic field theory and quantum mechanics, are treated together in a combined manner, such that links and analogies are made apparent wherever possible.
This book explores emerging topics in atomic- and nano-scale
electronics after the era of Moore's Law, covering both the
physical principles behind, and technological implementations for
many devices that are now expected to become key elements of the
future of nanoelectronics beyond traditional complementary
metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOS). Moore's law is not a physical
law itself, but rather a visionary prediction that has worked well
for more than 50 years but is rapidly coming to its end as the gate
length of CMOS transistors approaches the length-scale of only a
few atoms. Thus, the key question here is: "What is the future for
nanoelectronics beyond CMOS?" The possible answers are found in
this book. Introducing novel quantum devices such as atomic-scale
electronic devices, ballistic devices, memristors, superconducting
devices, this book also presents the reader with the physical
principles underlying new ways of computing, as well as their
practical implementation. Topics such as quantum computing,
neuromorphic computing are highlighted here as some of the most
promising candidates for ushering in a new era of atomic-scale
electronics beyond CMOS.
It is unanimously accepted that the quantum and the classical
descriptions of the physical reality are very different, although
any quantum process is "mysteriously" transformed through
measurement into an observable classical event. Beyond the
conceptual differences, quantum and classical physics have a lot in
common. And, more important, there are classical and quantum
phenomena that are similar although they occur in completely
different contexts. For example, the Schrodinger equation has the
same mathematical form as the Helmholtz equation, there is an
uncertainty relation in optics very similar to that in quantum
mechanics, and so on; the list of examples is very long.
Quantum-classical analogies have been used in recent years to study
many quantum laws or phenomena at the macroscopic scale, to design
and simulate mesoscopic devices at the macroscopic scale, to
implement quantum computer algorithms with classical means, etc. On
the other hand, the new forms of light - localized light, frozen
light - seem to have more in common with solid state physics than
with classical optics. So these analogies are a valuable tool in
the quest to understand quantum phenomena and in the search for new
(quantum or classical) applications, especially in the area of
quantum devices and computing."
Optoelectronics will undoubtedly playamajor role in the applied
sciences of the next century. This is due to the fact that
optoelectronics holds the key to future communication developments
which require high data transmission rates and of a extremely large
bandwidths. For example, an optical fiber having a diameter few
micrometers has a bandwidth of 50 THz, where an impressive number
of channels having high bit data rates can be simultaneously
propagated. At present, optical data streams of 100 Gb/s are being
tested for use in the near future. Optoelectronics has advanced
considerably in the last few years. This is due to the fact that
major developments in the area of semiconductors, such as hetero
structures based on III-V compounds or mesoscopic structures at the
nanometer scale such as quantum weHs, quantum wires and quantum
dots, have found robust applications in the generation, modulation,
detection and processing of light. Major developments in glass
techniques have also dramaticaHy improved the performance of
optoelectronic devices based on optical fibers. The optical fiber
doped with rare-earth materials has aHowed the amplification of
propagating light, compensating its own los ses and even generating
coherent light in fiber lasers. The UV irradiation of fibers has
been used to inscribe gratings of hundreds of nanometer size inside
the fiber, generating a large class of devices used for modulation,
wavelength selection and other applications."
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