This study seeks to answer the question of how countries which have suffered in productivity levels, and a complete loss of innovatory momentum, over a period of 20-30 years can rediscover their dynamism?. It challenges the belief of the standard `shock therapy' literature that believes that balanced budgets and stable prices are sufficient to cure the ills of economically stagnant societies. This work is aimed at policy-makers and businessmen interested in transitional economies and technology studies as well as students enrolled in courses on transition and technology, and `problem-oriented' economics courses.

This book uses a range of S&T and structural indicators to analyse the transfonnation process, in particular the transfonnation of science, technology and industry, in the fonner communist countries. The book originates from a sense of the tremendous need for quantitative indicators for assessing trends and perfonnance in the post-socialist economies. S&T systems in the region have passed through the first phase of rapid deterioration, or as it is called by some analysts 'implosion'. After ten years of transfonnation we are witnessing a process of increasing differentiation of these countries in tenns of general patterns of growth and structural change, as well as specific lines of restructuring in their S&T systems. The question of sources of growth - or indeed of stagnation - is an increasingly urgent one, from both the policy and academic perspectives. In that context there is a pressing need for in-depth assessment of restructuring patterns in science, technology and industry in the region, as a basis for understanding how restructuring in S&T is linked to industrial restructuring, and to general economic and social transfonnation. As the contributions to this volume show, there is now a critical mass of quantitative data across the post-socialist countries which deserves to be studied more thoroughly in a comparative manner. The changes of the last ten years have produced varying patterns of adjustment which are now clearly visible in S&T and structural indicators.

Gorbachev's accession to General Secretary promised great changes to the Soviet Union and its relationship with the rest of the world. This book, first published in 1987, discusses the problems faced by Gorbachev when he entered office and how he planned to tackle them. Gorbachev was a figure of genuine debate in the mid-1980s, raising doubts from Western specialists regarding his radicalism and ability to reform the Soviet economic system in particular. Here, Dyker and his colleagues assess the changes Gorbachev had already made to consolidate his power base, alongside those that he was proposing to make to agriculture, industry and foreign relations at the time of publication. The book speculates about how Gorbachev might implement his proposed political and economic reforms, what opposition he might encounter and how successful he would be. A fascinating insight into Soviet economic and political policy in the years leading up to the Union's collapse, this work will be of particular importance to students and academics researching the personality of Gorbachev and the political and economic history of the Soviet Union.

First published in 1985, this book offered a fresh analysis of the problems faced by the Soviet economy by focussing on the key issues in the economic planning system. David Dyker considers the available options for reform during the 1980s and the most likely developments. Discussing the origins of the Soviet economic planning system and the theories which founded it, previous attempts to reform the organisational structure and the particular problem of agriculture, Dyker presents a picture of an increasingly bleak future for the Soviet economy. This is a comprehensive title written by a renowned expert on the Soviet economy, which will be of particular value to students and academics researching the political and economic development and history of the Soviet Union.

This book, first published in 1990, analyses contemporary Yugoslavian development strategy in its historical and political context, assessing how corruption, negligence, and an emphasis on industry to the detriment of agriculture and trade, have all played a part in bringing Yugoslavia close to financial and political chaos. The book concludes by considering the contemporary prospects for a more integrated policy approach in the midst of the country's political crisis.

This book addresses one of the fundamental problems in Russian society, and in Russia's relations with the rest of the world. Why do Russians tend to react differently from 'us' in given diplomatic or business situations? Why do they find the notion of a contract difficult to grasp? Why do they seem hostile to the principle of the level playing field? How do they see Russia's position within the globalised economy? In order to probe these issues, the author begins with a historical analysis, looking at the pattern of political and economic development since Tsarist times, always asking the questions: What is unique to Russia in all this, and which unique features tend to recur in different periods? In seeking to illuminate the interface between Russia and the world, the author also examines Russia's attitude to itself, and to its own resources - natural and human - to land as an agricultural resource, and later oil and gas; and to people - as cheap labour and as highly trained scientific personnel. This book is firmly based on scholarly sources, in English, French and Russian, but aims to go beyond the academic audience to address the concerns of people encountering Russians and Russian organizations in their everyday lives.

This book, first published in 1990, analyses contemporary Yugoslavian development strategy in its historical and political context, assessing how corruption, negligence, and an emphasis on industry to the detriment of agriculture and trade, have all played a part in bringing Yugoslavia close to financial and political chaos. The book concludes by considering the contemporary prospects for a more integrated policy approach in the midst of the country's political crisis.

This book focuses on the impact of foreign investment on selected sectors of two key transition economies - Russia and the Ukraine - to explain the effect of foreign direct investment on the transitional economy. It examines how key Western players in the international investment business have chosen whether to invest in the former Soviet Union and applies these findings to sectors within Russia and the Ukraine. Whilst recognizing the tremendous importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) as a means to upgrade technology in transition conditions, the study also examines the importance of FDI in internationalizing production. The authors question the difference globalization can make to a transition economy in a situation where domestic investment is not recovering, and where there is still no clear-cut upward trend in levels of production.

This new book presents contributions by leading authorities on the origins of the Balkan crisis, the reasons for the decay and dissolution of the old Yugoslavia, the nature of the new regimes, the prospects for solution of the remaining conflicts and for the building of viable successor states.

Restructuring the Soviet Economy examines the Soviet leadership's most urgent question - how to revitalize the soviet economy. David Dyker argues that the current impasse can can only be understood in the context of the failure of 60 years of central planning. He analyses both the problems besetting the centrally planned system and those that have paralysed perestroika and assesses whether the most ambitious attempt ever to reform the Soviet economy will succeed.

This new book presents contributions by leading authorities on the origins of the Balkan crisis, the reasons for the decay and dissolution of the old Yugoslavia, the nature of the new regimes, the prospects for solution of the remaining conflicts and for the building of viable successor states.

When Gorbachev introduced the concepts of "glasnost" and "perestroika" to the world, they were greeted with optimism and hope. Glasnost has exceeded all expectations; perestroika seems less likely to meet its goals. The future of the former Soviet Union is one of the crucial questions for the 1990s, and the success or failure of perestroika is central to this issue.
"Restructuring the Soviet Economy" examines Gorbachev's most pressing problem: the disintegration of the Soviet economy. David Dyker argues that the current chaos can be understood only in the context of the failure of fifty years of central planning. Can the Soviet economy recover from half a century of poor central planning and make the transition to a market economy? To answer this question, the author focuses on the crisis points--some new, some perennial--within the Soviet economy: the relationship between the enterprise, the regions, and the center; agriculture; investment and stagnation; inflation and the budget deficit. In conclusion, Dyker assesses whether the most ambitious attempt ever made to reform the Soviet economy will succeed.

On its publication in 1985, this book offered a fresh analysis of the problems faced by the Soviet economy by focussing on the key issues in the economic planning system. David Dyker considers the available options for reform during the 1980s and the most likely developments. Discussing the origins of the Soviet economic planning system and the theories which founded it, previous attempts to reform the organisational structure and the particular problem of agriculture, Dyker presents a picture of an increasingly bleak future for the Soviet economy. This is a comprehensive title written by a renowned expert on the Soviet economy, which will be of particular value to students and academics researching the political and economic development and history of the Soviet Union.

Gorbachev's accession to General Secretary promised great changes to the Soviet Union and its relationship with the rest of the world. This book, first published in 1987, discusses the problems faced by Gorbachev when he entered office and how he planned to tackle them. Gorbachev was a figure of genuine debate in the mid-1980s, raising doubts from Western specialists regarding his radicalism and ability to reform the Soviet economic system in particular. Here, Dyker and his colleagues assess the changes Gorbachev had already made to consolidate his power base, alongside those that he was proposing to make to agriculture, industry and foreign relations at the time of publication. The book speculates about how Gorbachev might implement his proposed political and economic reforms, what opposition he might encounter and how successful he would be. A fascinating insight into Soviet economic and political policy in the years leading up to the Union's collapse, this work will be of particular importance to students and academics researching the personality of Gorbachev and the political and economic history of the Soviet Union.

This 1983 book presents a comprehensive account of the cycle of fixed capital investment in the Soviet Union, from strategic decision-taking in the Kremlin down to the level of individual building sites. Dr Dyker places the subject in the context of welfare economics and decision-taking theory, but the book's emphasis is on the detailed empirical analysis of Soviet material. It includes analysis of the Soviet design and construction sectors and the developments in Soviet procedures for assessing investment effectiveness, as well as a unique series of case studies of individual investment projects. In a concluding chapter Dr Dyker assesses overall investment effectiveness in the Soviet Union, and looks at Soviet investment planning and Soviet development strategy.

This book uses a range of S&T and structural indicators to analyse the transfonnation process, in particular the transfonnation of science, technology and industry, in the fonner communist countries. The book originates from a sense of the tremendous need for quantitative indicators for assessing trends and perfonnance in the post-socialist economies. S&T systems in the region have passed through the first phase of rapid deterioration, or as it is called by some analysts 'implosion'. After ten years of transfonnation we are witnessing a process of increasing differentiation of these countries in tenns of general patterns of growth and structural change, as well as specific lines of restructuring in their S&T systems. The question of sources of growth - or indeed of stagnation - is an increasingly urgent one, from both the policy and academic perspectives. In that context there is a pressing need for in-depth assessment of restructuring patterns in science, technology and industry in the region, as a basis for understanding how restructuring in S&T is linked to industrial restructuring, and to general economic and social transfonnation. As the contributions to this volume show, there is now a critical mass of quantitative data across the post-socialist countries which deserves to be studied more thoroughly in a comparative manner. The changes of the last ten years have produced varying patterns of adjustment which are now clearly visible in S&T and structural indicators.

This multi-volume set focuses on a key region of the world which contains four of the biggest emerging economies, a large number of highly dynamic small- and medium-sized emerging economies, and one of the leading advanced industrial countries. It is a region which contains some of the biggest hydrocarbon and mineral deposits in the world, and some of the most energy- and metal-hungry economies in the world. With half the world's population, it is one of the most dynamic regions of the globe in terms of population movement, providing a key focus of foreign investment, both inwards and outwards, with a high degree of technological dynamism. The region plays a central role in the industrial supply networks of the globe.In four volumes, focusing on, respectively, foreign investment, innovation, energy and migration, the set focuses on each of the main elements in the production system in turn - capital, innovation, raw materials and labour. Volume 1 studies patterns of interchange of financial and direct investment within the region, focusing on governance, the development of supply chains, and technology transfer. In Volume 2, the technology theme becomes dominant, with a special focus on digital technology. It includes technical issues like mobile communications standardisation, developmental dimensions, including the role of clusters and science parks, and political economy issues like the rise of techno-nationalism. Volume 3 turns to energy issues - not just issues of supply and demand, but also key problems of climate change, security and sustainability across the Eurasian and Asian landmass. Volume 4 presents the human dimension, looking at people in movement, as workers, citizens, men, women, or colonisers. Among the key issues discussed are the migration from country to town in China, the 'greying' of countries like Japan, the effect of war on migration, marriage migration, human trafficking and the depopulation of the Russian Far East.The set is a must-have for anyone keen to understand the region whose manufacturing core can be described, without exaggeration, as the 'workshop of the world' of the twenty-first century.