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Commodified and Criminalized examines the centrality of sport to
discussions of racial ideologies and racist practices in the 21st
century. It disputes familiar refrains of racial progress, arguing
that athletes sit in a contradictory position masked by the logics
of new racism and dominant white racial frames. Contributors
discuss athletes ranging from Tiger Woods and Serena Williams to
Freddy Adu and Shani Davis. Through dynamic case studies,
Commodified and Criminalized unpacks the conversation between black
athletes and colorblind discourse, while challenging the
assumptions of contemporary sports culture. The contributors in
this provocative collection push the conversation beyond the
playing field and beyond the racial landscape of sports culture to
explore the connections between sports representations and a
broader history of racialized violence.
What does it mean when a hit that knocks an American football
player unconscious is cheered by spectators? What are the
consequences of such violence for the participants of this sport
and for the entertainment culture in which it exists? This book
brings together scholars and sport commentators to examine the
relationship between American football, violence and the larger
relations of power within contemporary society. From high school
and college to the NFL, Football, Culture, and Power analyses the
social, political and cultural imprint of America's national
pastime. The NFL's participation in and production of hegemonic
masculinity, alongside its practices of racism, sexism,
heterosexism and ableism, provokes us to think deeply about the
historical and contemporary systems of violence we are invested in
and entertained by. This social scientific analysis of American
football considers both the positive and negative power of the
game, generating discussion and calling for accountability. It is
fascinating reading for all students and scholars of sports studies
with an interest in American football and the wider social impact
of sport.
Beyond Hate offers a critical ethnography of the virtual
communities established and discursive networks activated through
the online engagements of white separatists, white nationalists,
and white supremacists with various popular cultural texts,
including movies, music, television, sport, video games, and
kitsch. Outlining the ways in which advocates of white power
interpret popular cultural forms, and probing the emergent spaces
of white power popular culture, it examines the paradoxical
relationship that advocates of white supremacy have with popular
culture, as they finding it to be an irresistible and repugnant
reflection of social decay rooted in multiculturalism. Drawing on a
range of new media sources, including websites, chat rooms, blogs
and forums, this book explores the concerns expressed by advocates
of white power, with regard to racial hierarchy and social order,
the crisis of traditional American values, the perpetuation of
liberal, feminist, elitist ideas, the degradation of the family and
the fetishization of black men. What emerges is an understanding of
the instruments of power in white supremacist discourses, in which
a series of connections are drawn between popular culture,
multiculturalism, sexual politics and state functions, all of which
are seen to be working against white men. A richly illustrated
study of the intersections of white power and popular culture in
the contemporary U.S., and the use of use cyberspace by white
supremacists as an imagined site of resistance, Beyond Hate will
appeal to scholars of sociology and cultural studies with interests
in race and ethnicity, popular culture and the discourses of the
extreme right.
Beyond Hate offers a critical ethnography of the virtual
communities established and discursive networks activated through
the online engagements of white separatists, white nationalists,
and white supremacists with various popular cultural texts,
including movies, music, television, sport, video games, and
kitsch. Outlining the ways in which advocates of white power
interpret popular cultural forms, and probing the emergent spaces
of white power popular culture, it examines the paradoxical
relationship that advocates of white supremacy have with popular
culture, as they finding it to be an irresistible and repugnant
reflection of social decay rooted in multiculturalism. Drawing on a
range of new media sources, including websites, chat rooms, blogs
and forums, this book explores the concerns expressed by advocates
of white power, with regard to racial hierarchy and social order,
the crisis of traditional American values, the perpetuation of
liberal, feminist, elitist ideas, the degradation of the family and
the fetishization of black men. What emerges is an understanding of
the instruments of power in white supremacist discourses, in which
a series of connections are drawn between popular culture,
multiculturalism, sexual politics and state functions, all of which
are seen to be working against white men. A richly illustrated
study of the intersections of white power and popular culture in
the contemporary U.S., and the use of use cyberspace by white
supremacists as an imagined site of resistance, Beyond Hate will
appeal to scholars of sociology and cultural studies with interests
in race and ethnicity, popular culture and the discourses of the
extreme right.
Commodified and Criminalized examines the centrality of sport to
discussions of racial ideologies and racist practices in the 21st
century. It disputes familiar refrains of racial progress, arguing
that athletes sit in a contradictory position masked by the logics
of new racism and dominant white racial frames. Contributors
discuss athletes ranging from Tiger Woods and Serena Williams to
Freddy Adu and Shani Davis. Through dynamic case studies,
Commodified and Criminalized unpacks the conversation between black
athletes and colorblind discourse, while challenging the
assumptions of contemporary sports culture. The contributors in
this provocative collection push the conversation beyond the
playing field and beyond the racial landscape of sports culture to
explore the connections between sports representations and a
broader history of racialized violence.
Latinos are the fastest growing population in America today. This
two-volume encyclopedia traces the history of Latinos in the United
States from colonial times to the present, focusing on their impact
on the nation in its historical development and current culture.
"Latino History and Culture" covers the myriad ethnic groups that
make up the Latino population. It explores issues such as labor,
legal and illegal immigration, traditional and immigrant culture,
health, education, political activism, art, literature, and family,
as well as historical events and developments. A-Z entries cover
eras, individuals, organizations and institutions, critical events
in U.S. history and the impact of the Latino population,
communities and ethnic groups, and key cities and regions. Each
entry includes cross references and bibliographic citations, and a
comprehensive index and illustrations augment the text.
This two-volume encyclopedia explores representations of people of
color in American television. It includes overview essays on early,
classic, and contemporary television and the challenges for,
developments related to, and participation of minorities on and
behind the screen. Covering five decades, this encyclopedia
highlights how race has shaped television and how television has
shaped society. Offering critical analysis of moments and themes
throughout television history, Race in American Television shines a
spotlight on key artists of color, prominent shows, and the debates
that have defined television since the civil rights movement. This
book also examines the ways in which television has been a site for
both reproduction of stereotypes and resistance to them, providing
a basis for discussion about racial issues in the United States.
This set provides a significant resource for students and fans of
television alike, not only educating but also empowering readers
with the necessary tools to consume and watch the small screen and
explore its impact on the evolution of racial and ethnic
stereotypes in U.S. culture and beyond. Understanding the history
of American television contributes to deeper knowledge and
potentially helps us to better apprehend the plethora of diverse
shows and programs on Netflix, Hulu, YouTube, and other platforms
today.
What does it mean when a hit that knocks an American football
player unconscious is cheered by spectators? What are the
consequences of such violence for the participants of this sport
and for the entertainment culture in which it exists? This book
brings together scholars and sport commentators to examine the
relationship between American football, violence and the larger
relations of power within contemporary society. From high school
and college to the NFL, Football, Culture, and Power analyses the
social, political and cultural imprint of America's national
pastime. The NFL's participation in and production of hegemonic
masculinity, alongside its practices of racism, sexism,
heterosexism and ableism, provokes us to think deeply about the
historical and contemporary systems of violence we are invested in
and entertained by. This social scientific analysis of American
football considers both the positive and negative power of the
game, generating discussion and calling for accountability. It is
fascinating reading for all students and scholars of sports studies
with an interest in American football and the wider social impact
of sport.
In this era of big media franchises, sports branding has crossed
platforms, so that the sport, its television broadcast, and its
replication in an electronic game are packaged and promoted as part
of the same fan experience. Editors Robert Alan Brookey and Thomas
P. Oates trace this development back to the unexpected success of
Atari's Pong in the 1970s, which provoked a flood of sport
simulation games that have had an impact on every sector of the
electronic game market. From golf to football, basketball to step
aerobics, electronic sports games are as familiar in the American
household as the televised sporting events they simulate. This book
explores the points of convergence at which gaming and sports
culture merge.
In this era of big media franchises, sports branding has crossed
platforms, so that the sport, its television broadcast, and its
replication in an electronic game are packaged and promoted as part
of the same fan experience. Editors Robert Alan Brookey and Thomas
P. Oates trace this development back to the unexpected success of
Atari's Pong in the 1970s, which provoked a flood of sport
simulation games that have had an impact on every sector of the
electronic game market. From golf to football, basketball to step
aerobics, electronic sports games are as familiar in the American
household as the televised sporting events they simulate. This book
explores the points of convergence at which gaming and sports
culture merge.
From #Gamergate to the 2016 election, to the daily experiences of
marginalized perspectives, gaming is entangled with mainstream
cultures of systematic exploitation and oppression. Whether visible
in the persistent color line that shapes the production,
dissemination, and legitimization of dominant stereotypes within
the industry itself, or in the dehumanizing representations often
found within game spaces, many video games perpetuate injustice and
mirror the inequities and violence that permeate society as a
whole. Drawing from groundbreaking research on counter and
oppositional gaming and from popular games such as World of
Warcraft and Tomb Raider, Woke Gaming examines resistance to
problematic spaces of violence, discrimination, and
microaggressions in gaming culture. The contributors of these
essays seek to identify strategies to detox gaming culture and
orient players and gamers toward progressive ends. From Anna
Anthropy's Keep Me Occupied to Momo Pixel's Hair Nah, video games
can reveal the power and potential for marginalized communities to
resist, and otherwise challenge dehumanizing representations inside
and outside of game spaces. In a moment of #MeToo,
#BlackLivesMatter, and efforts to transform current political
realities, Woke Gaming illustrates the power and potential of video
games to foster change and become a catalyst for social justice.
Playing While White argues that whiteness matters in sports
culture, both on and off the field. Offering critical analysis of
athletic stars such as Johnny Manziel, Marshall Henderson, Jordan
Spieth, Lance Armstrong, Josh Hamilton, as well as the
predominantly white cultures of NASCAR and extreme sports, David
Leonard identifies how whiteness is central to the commodification
of athletes and the sports they play. Leonard demonstrates that
sporting cultures are a key site in the trafficking of racial
ideas, narratives, and ideologies. He identifies how white athletes
are frequently characterized as intelligent leaders who are
presumed innocent of the kinds of transgressions black athletes are
often pathologized for. With an analysis of the racial dynamics of
sports traditions as varied as football, cycling, hockey, baseball,
tennis, snowboarding, and soccer, as well as the reception and
media portrayals of specific white athletes, Leonard examines how
and why whiteness matters within sports and what that tells us
about race in the twenty-first century United States.
From #Gamergate to the 2016 election, to the daily experiences of
marginalized perspectives, gaming is entangled with mainstream
cultures of systematic exploitation and oppression. Whether visible
in the persistent color line that shapes the production,
dissemination, and legitimization of dominant stereotypes within
the industry itself, or in the dehumanizing representations often
found within game spaces, many video games perpetuate injustice and
mirror the inequities and violence that permeate society as a
whole. Drawing from groundbreaking research on counter and
oppositional gaming and from popular games such as World of
Warcraft and Tomb Raider, Woke Gaming examines resistance to
problematic spaces of violence, discrimination, and
microaggressions in gaming culture. The contributors of these
essays seek to identify strategies to detox gaming culture and
orient players and gamers toward progressive ends. From Anna
Anthropy's Keep Me Occupied to Momo Pixel's Hair Nah, video games
can reveal the power and potential for marginalized communities to
resist, and otherwise challenge dehumanizing representations inside
and outside of game spaces. In a moment of #MeToo,
#BlackLivesMatter, and efforts to transform current political
realities, Woke Gaming illustrates the power and potential of video
games to foster change and become a catalyst for social justice.
Playing While White argues that whiteness matters in sports
culture, both on and off the field. Offering critical analysis of
athletic stars such as Johnny Manziel, Marshall Henderson, Jordan
Spieth, Lance Armstrong, Josh Hamilton, as well as the
predominantly white cultures of NASCAR and extreme sports, David
Leonard identifies how whiteness is central to the commodification
of athletes and the sports they play. Leonard demonstrates that
sporting cultures are a key site in the trafficking of racial
ideas, narratives, and ideologies. He identifies how white athletes
are frequently characterized as intelligent leaders who are
presumed innocent of the kinds of transgressions black athletes are
often pathologized for. With an analysis of the racial dynamics of
sports traditions as varied as football, cycling, hockey, baseball,
tennis, snowboarding, and soccer, as well as the reception and
media portrayals of specific white athletes, Leonard examines how
and why whiteness matters within sports and what that tells us
about race in the twenty-first century United States.
A comprehensive look at the history of African Americans on
television that discusses major trends in black TV and examines the
broader social implications of the relationship between race and
popular culture as well as race and representation. Previous
treatments of the history of African Americans in television have
largely lacked theoretical analysis of the relationship between
representations and social contexts. African Americans on
Television: Race-ing for Ratings fills the existing void by
supplying fundamental history with critical analyses of the racial
politics of television, documenting the considerable effect that
television has had on popular notions of black identity in America
since the inception of television. Covering a spectrum of
genres-comedy, drama, talk shows, television movies, variety shows,
and reality television, including shows such as Good Times, The
Oprah Winfrey Show, and Chappelle's Show-this insightful work
traces a cultural genealogy of African Americans in television. Its
chronological analysis provides an engaging historical account of
how African Americans entered the genre of television and have
continued to play a central role in the development of both the
medium and the industry. The book also tracks the shift in the
significance of African Americans in the television market and
industry, and the changing, but enduring, face of stereotypes and
racism in American television culture.
The triple crown of Oscars awarded to Denzel Washington, Halle
Berry, and Sidney Poitier on a single evening in 2002 seemed to
mark a turning point for African Americans in cinema. Certainly it
was hyped as such by the media, eager to overlook the nuances of
this sudden embrace. In this new study, author David Leonard uses
this event as a jumping-off point from which to discuss the current
state of African-American cinema and the various genres that
currently compose it. Looking at such recent films as Love and
Basketball, Antwone Fisher, Training Day, and the two Barbershop
films--all of which were directed by black artists, and most of
which starred and were written by blacks as well--Leonard examines
the issues of representation and opportunity in contemporary
cinema. In many cases, these films-which walk a line between
confronting racial stereotypes and trafficking in them-made a great
deal of money while hardly playing to white audiences at all. By
examining the ways in which they address the American Dream, racial
progress, racial difference, blackness, whiteness, class,
capitalism and a host of other issues, Leonard shows that while
certainly there are differences between the grotesque images of
years past and those that define today's era, the consistency of
images across genre and time reflects the lasting power of racism,
as well as the black community's response to it.
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