This book presents a collection of peer-reviewed articles from the 7th International Conference on Microelectronics, Circuits, and Systems - Micro 2020. The volume covers the latest development and emerging research topics of material sciences, devices, microelectronics, circuits, nanotechnology, system design and testing, simulation, sensors, photovoltaics, optoelectronics, and its different applications. This book also deals with several tools and techniques to match the theme of the conference. It will be a valuable resource for researchers, professionals, Ph.D. scholars, undergraduate and postgraduate students working in Electronics, Microelectronics, Electrical, and Computer Engineering.

In recent years, with the advent of ?ne line lithographical methods, molecular beam epitaxy, organometallic vapour phase epitaxy and other experimental techniques, low dimensional structures having quantum con?nement in one, two and three dimensions (such as inversion layers, ultrathin ?lms, nipi's, quantum well superlattices, quantum wires, quantum wire superlattices, and quantum dots together with quantum con?ned structures aided by various other ?elds) have attracted much attention, not only for their potential in uncovering new phenomena in nanoscience, but also for their interesting applications in the realm of quantum e?ect devices. In ultrathin ?lms, due to the reduction of symmetry in the wave-vector space, the motion of the carriers in the direction normal to the ?lm becomes quantized leading to the quantum size e?ect. Such systems ?nd extensive applications in quantum well lasers, ?eld e?ect transistors, high speed digital networks and also in other low dimensional systems. In quantum wires, the carriers are quantized in two transverse directions and only one-dimensional motion of the carriers is allowed. The transport properties of charge carriers in quantum wires, which may be studied by utilizing the similarities with optical and microwave waveguides, are currently being investigated. Knowledge regarding these quantized structures may be gained from original research contributions in scienti?c journals, proceedings of international conferences and various - view articles.

The book is aimed to foster knowledge based on Blockchain technology highlighting on the framework basics, operating principles and different incarnations. The fundamental problems encountered in existing blockchain architectures and means for removing those would be covered. It would also touch upon blockchain based IoT systems and applications. The book covers applications and use cases of blockchain technology for industrial IoT systems. In addition, methods for inducing computational intelligence into existing blockchain frameworks thereby thwarting most of the limitations are also discussed. The readers would benefit from the rich technical content in this rapidly emerging field thereby enabling a skilled workforce for the future.

The primary purpose of this book is to present the state-of-the-art of mobile cloud computing and applications with an emphasis on energy-efficiency. The future research directions are also highlighted in this book to enrich the global market-place of mobile cloud computing services facilitating the scientific, industrial, business, and consumer applications. We expect that the book will serve as a reference to a large number of readers including researchers, system architects, practitioners, and graduate-level students. This book focuses on an emerging area that has considerable research interest, momentum, and interest of commercial developers. The target reader of this book are professional developers, under-graduate and post-graduate students, and researchers. As mobile cloud computing, as well as green computing, will have a major impact on the quality of science and society over the next few years, its knowledge will enrich our readers to be at the forefront of the field. This book reports the latest research advances in the area of green mobile cloud computing. The book covers the architecture, services, methods, applications, and future research directions of green mobile cloud computing.

Hybrid computational intelligent techniques are efficient in dealing with the real-world problems encountered in engineering fields. The primary objective of this book is to provide an exhaustive introduction as well as review of the hybrid computational intelligent paradigm, with supportive case studies. In addition, it aims to provide a gallery of engineering applications where this computing paradigm can be effectively use. Finally, it focuses on the recent quantum inspired hybrid intelligence to develop intelligent solutions for the future. The book also incorporates video demonstrations of each application for better understanding of the subject matter.

This book features high-quality research papers presented at the First Doctoral Symposium on Human Centered Computing (HUMAN 2023), jointly organized by Computer Society of India, Kolkata Chapter and Techno India University, West Bengal, on February 25, 2023. This book discusses the topics of modern human centered computing and its applications. The book showcases the fusion of human sciences (social and cognitive) with computer science (human–computer interaction, signal processing, machine learning, and ubiquitous computing).

This book presents a collection of peer-reviewed articles from the 7th International Conference on Microelectronics, Circuits, and Systems - Micro 2020. The volume covers the latest development and emerging research topics of material sciences, devices, microelectronics, circuits, nanotechnology, system design and testing, simulation, sensors, photovoltaics, optoelectronics, and its different applications. This book also deals with several tools and techniques to match the theme of the conference. It will be a valuable resource for researchers, professionals, Ph.D. scholars, undergraduate and postgraduate students working in Electronics, Microelectronics, Electrical, and Computer Engineering.

This book features selected papers from the 6th International Conference on Mathematics and Computing (ICMC 2020), organized by Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim, India, during September 2020. It covers recent advances in the field of mathematics, statistics, and scientific computing. The book presents innovative work by leading academics, researchers, and experts from industry.

In recent years, with the advent of fine line lithographical methods, molecular beam epitaxy, organometallic vapour phase epitaxy and other experimental techniques, low dimensional structures having quantum confinement in one, two and three dimensions (such as ultrathin films, inversion layers, accumulation layers, quantum well superlattices, quantum well wires, quantum wires superlattices, magneto-size quantizations, and quantum dots) have attracted much attention not only for their potential in uncovering new phenomena in nanoscience and technology, but also for their interesting applications in the areas of quantum effect devices. In ultrathin films, the restriction of the motion of the carriers in the direction normal to the film leads to the quantum size effect and such systems find extensive applications in quantum well lasers, field effect transistors, high speed digital networks and also in other quantum effect devices. In quantum well wires, the carriers are quantized in two transverse directions and only one-dimensional motion of the carriers is allowed.

In recent years, with the advent of fine line lithographical methods, molecular beam epitaxy, organometallic vapour phase epitaxy and other experimental techniques, low dimensional structures having quantum confinement in one, two and three dimensions (such as ultrathin films, inversion layers, accumulation layers, quantum well superlattices, quantum well wires, quantum wires superlattices, magneto-size quantizations, and quantum dots) have attracted much attention not only for their potential in uncovering new phenomena in nanoscience and technology, but also for their interesting applications in the areas of quantum effect devices. In ultrathin films, the restriction of the motion of the carriers in the direction normal to the film leads to the quantum size effect and such systems find extensive applications in quantum well lasers, field effect transistors, high speed digital networks and also in other quantum effect devices. In quantum well wires, the carriers are quantized in two transverse directions and only one-dimensional motion of the carriers is allowed.

In recent years, with the advent of ?ne line lithographical methods, molecular beam epitaxy, organometallic vapour phase epitaxy and other experimental techniques, low dimensional structures having quantum con?nement in one, two and three dimensions (such as inversion layers, ultrathin ?lms, nipi's, quantum well superlattices, quantum wires, quantum wire superlattices, and quantum dots together with quantum con?ned structures aided by various other ?elds) have attracted much attention, not only for their potential in uncovering new phenomena in nanoscience, but also for their interesting applications in the realm of quantum e?ect devices. In ultrathin ?lms, due to the reduction of symmetry in the wave-vector space, the motion of the carriers in the direction normal to the ?lm becomes quantized leading to the quantum size e?ect. Such systems ?nd extensive applications in quantum well lasers, ?eld e?ect transistors, high speed digital networks and also in other low dimensional systems. In quantum wires, the carriers are quantized in two transverse directions and only one-dimensional motion of the carriers is allowed. The transport properties of charge carriers in quantum wires, which may be studied by utilizing the similarities with optical and microwave waveguides, are currently being investigated. Knowledge regarding these quantized structures may be gained from original research contributions in scienti?c journals, proceedings of international conferences and various - view articles.

Minimize Power Consumption and Enhance User Experience Essential for high-speed fifth-generation mobile networks, mobile cloud computing (MCC) integrates the power of cloud data centers with the portability of mobile computing devices. Mobile Cloud Computing: Architectures, Algorithms and Applications covers the latest technological and architectural advances in MCC. It also shows how MCC is used in health monitoring, gaming, learning, and commerce. The book examines computation within a mobile device; the evolution, architecture, and applications of cloud computing; the integration of mobile computing and cloud computing; offloading strategies that address constraints such as poor battery life; and green technologies to optimize mobile power consumption. It also presents various resource allocation schemes of MCC, the architecture and applications of sensor MCC, the new concept of mobile social cloud, security and privacy issues in MCC, and different types of trust in MCC. In addition, the book explains how to integrate MCC with vehicular networks, compares economic models, and explores the application of MCC to mobile learning, vehicle monitoring, digital forensic analysis, health monitoring, and other areas. The book concludes with a discussion of possible solutions to challenges such as energy efficiency, latency minimization, efficient resource management, billing, and security.

The book is a collection of best selected research papers presented at International Conference on Network Security and Blockchain Technology (ICNSBT 2021), organized by Computer Society of India-Kolkata Chapter, India, during December 2-4, 2021. The book discusses recent developments and contemporary research in cryptography, network security, cyber security, and blockchain technology. Authors are eminent academicians, scientists, researchers, and scholars in their respective fields from across the world.

This book provides a detailed insight into Robotic Process Automation (RPA) technologies linked with AI that will help organizations implement Industry 4.0 procedures. RPA tools enhance their functionality by incorporating AI objectives, such as use of artificial neural network algorithms, text mining techniques, and natural language processing techniques for information extraction and the subsequent process of optimization and forecasting scenarios for the purpose of improving an organization's operational and business processes. The target readers of this book are researchers, professors, graduate students, scientists, policymakers, professionals, and developers working in the IT and ITeS sectors, i.e. people who are working on emerging technologies. This book also provides insights and decision support tools necessary for executives concerned with different industrial and organizational automation-centric jobs, knowledge dissemination, information, and policy development for automation in different educational, government, and non-government organizations. This book is of special interest to college and university educators who teach AI, machine learning, blockchain, business intelligence, cognitive intelligence, and brain intelligence courses in different capacities.

The book discusses the evolution of future generation technologies through Internet of Things (IoT) in the scope of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The main focus of this volume is to bring all the related technologies in a single platform, so that undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, academicians, and industry people can easily understand the AI algorithms, machine learning algorithms, and learning analytics in IoT-enabled technologies. This book uses data and network engineering and intelligent decision support system-by-design principles to design a reliable AI-enabled IoT ecosystem and to implement cyber-physical pervasive infrastructure solutions. This book brings together some of the top IoT-enabled AI experts throughout the world who contribute their knowledge regarding different IoT-based technology aspects.

The book is aimed to foster knowledge based on Blockchain technology highlighting on the framework basics, operating principles and different incarnations. The fundamental problems encountered in existing blockchain architectures and means for removing those would be covered. It would also touch upon blockchain based IoT systems and applications. The book covers applications and use cases of blockchain technology for industrial IoT systems. In addition, methods for inducing computational intelligence into existing blockchain frameworks thereby thwarting most of the limitations are also discussed. The readers would benefit from the rich technical content in this rapidly emerging field thereby enabling a skilled workforce for the future.

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) provides cloud-like subscription-oriented services at the edge of mobile network. For low latency and high bandwidth services, edge computing assisted IoT (Internet of Things) has become the pillar for the development of smart environments and their applications such as smart home, smart health, smart traffic management, smart agriculture, and smart city. This book covers the fundamental concept of the MEC and its real-time applications. The book content is organized into three parts: Part A covers the architecture and working model of MEC, Part B focuses on the systems, platforms, services and issues of MEC, and Part C emphases on various applications of MEC. This book is targeted for graduate students, researchers, developers, and service providers interested in learning about the state-of-the-art in MEC technologies, innovative applications, and future research directions.

Nanoelectronics: Physics, Materials and Devices addresses the concepts involved in the exploration of research on nanoscale electronics and photonic devices and their application in next-generation integrated circuits (ICs). The book presents a detailed discussion on the field of nanoscale electronic and photonic devices, as well as the most recent techniques for the modeling and simulation of these devices. It provides an in-depth analysis of theoretical frameworks, the fundamental physics underlying device operation, computational modeling, simulation methods, and circuit applications of nanoscale devices. The purpose of this book is to provide a desirable balance between basic background and concepts to improve device performance. In this book, both qualitative and quantitative approaches are considered to analyze and explore the contributions made by various researchers actively engaged in nanoscale device research. The book's main motivation is to help solve the challenges of analyzing and exploring the electrical behaviors of contemporary nanoscale device technologies. It purposefully builds the principles of nano electronic devices gradually, invigorating those of micro electronic devices.

This book includes original, unpublished contributions presented at the Sixth International Conference on Emerging Applications of Information Technology (EAIT 2020), held at the University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India, on November 2020. The book covers the topics such as image processing, computer vision, pattern recognition, machine learning, data mining, big data and analytics, information security and privacy, wireless and sensor networks, and IoT. It will also include IoT application-related papers in pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, expert systems, natural language understanding, image processing, computer vision, applications in biomedical engineering, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, evolutionary optimization, data mining, Web intelligence, intelligent agent technology, virtual reality, and visualization.

Smart Biosensors in Medical Care discusses the characteristics of biosensors and their potential applications in healthcare. This book is aimed at professionals, scientists and engineers who are interested in integrating biosensors into medical care systems for patients. It also provides fundamental and foundational knowledge for undergraduate and post graduate students. The book presents a comprehensive view of up-to-date requirements in hardware and communication, offers future perspectives on next-generation medical care systems, and includes global case studies of recent system operations in healthcare. Sections cover smart biosensors, such as wearable, implantable, patch based, and enzyme based for medical care. Advances in ubiquitous sensing applications for healthcare is a series which covers new systems based on ubiquitous sensing for healthcare (USH). Volumes in this series cover a wide range of interdisciplinary areas, including wireless sensors networks, wireless body area networks, Big data, Internet-of-Things (IoT), security, monitoring, real time data collection, data management, systems design/analysis, and much more.

This book gathers selected high-quality research papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Advanced Computing Applications (ICACA 2021), held virtually during 27--28 March 2021. The book is divided into four sections. These are communication and computing, signal processing and multimedia, computational intelligence and data analytics and decision computing. The topics covered are advanced communication technologies, IoT-based systems and applications, network security and reliability, virtualization technologies, compressed sensors and multimedia applications, signal image and video processing, machine learning, pattern recognitions, intelligent computing, big data analytics, analytics in bio-computing, AI-driven 6G mobile wireless networks and autonomous driving.