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This book addresses major problem in the management of patients
with cancer of the head and neck. The authors have written six
chapters of particular importance for head and neck cancer
diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Chapter 1 describes
treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head.
Chapter 2 presents treatment of patients with squamous cell
carcinoma of the neck. Biochemical studies of head and neck cancer
treatments are presented in Chapter 3. In chapter 4 biochemical
studies of head and neck cancer biomarkers are presented.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exploits light interactions and
photosensitizers to induce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species.
Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) uses the phenomenon of photosensitizer
emitting fluorescence to distinguish some tumours from normal
tissue. PDT offers a therapeutic solution that has been found to be
cost-effective compared to palliative major surgery or
chemotherapy. However, despite the significant improvement noted in
preclinical and clinical trials, PDT is still not considered the
standard treatment option for head and neck cancer. Multiple
photosensitizers have been studied and tumours have been treated in
a variety of head and neck sites over the last 30 years.
Photodynamic therapy is a palliative treatment option for head and
neck squamous cell carcinoma patients which induces local
inflammation and alters tumour cell morphology.
In this book Characterization of Archaeological Materials by the
Use of Light the authors tried to demonstrate the high degree of
technology used in laser scanning for archaeological sites. The
data collection and review were obtained thanks to the conscious,
proprietary data processing and individual knowledge of lidar
products, by using the developed especially for archaeological
analytical tools, visualization methods data and algorithms
processing the point cloud, numerical models and their derivatives.
The authors form an interdisciplinary team, they are both
archaeologists and laser physicists. This book has four chapters
titled: Aerial Laser Scanning, Laser in the conservation of
archaeological monuments, Laser analysis of the chemical
composition of ceramics and Laser applications to study various
solid materials. We presents Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) such as
an advanced method of archaeological prospection. Inthe last few
years an increasing number of applications of Light Detection and
Ranging (LiDAR) data within World archaeology was noticed. At the
same time, ALS is an extremely useful method for conservation
purposes. On the other hand, carrying out successive measurements
allows for monitoring of facilities, sites and landscapes over
time. Along with the growing interest in the method and the growing
number of its applications in archaeology, it is worth paying
attention to the efficiency of using the ALS and LIDAR.
This book provides a current review of the problem of heavy metal
removal. Microorganisms and microbial activity in environments of
water and soil are presented in Chapter 1. Chapter 2 covers current
knowledge about photoactive materials based on porphyrins. This
book reports the manner in which plants interact with heavy metals
dependent mainly on the type of contamination, species of plant as
well as conditions. The book presents biological strategies for the
elimination of heavy metals from polluted habitatsaphytoextraction,
phytostabilization, phytodegradation, phytostimulation,
phytovolatilization and phytofiltration. Also included are
analytical methods to determine heavy metals in water such as
atomic absorption spectrometry, electrochemical methods,
colorimetric and chromatographic techniques.
The opening chapter of The Essential Guide to Magnetic Resonance
presents applications of Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(19F MRI) in cancer research, tissue metabolomics, quantification
of drug delivery, cellular tracking, tissue pH measurements and
detection of 19F labeled cells. The authors review in vitro
research applying 19F MRI and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)
to facilitate the synthesis, tracking and visualization of new
fluorinated drug conjugates. 19F MRI also provides high contrast in
vivo images due to the absence of an endogenous 19F signal, 100%
natural abundance of 19F, and a chemical shift range of over 400
ppm. Afterwards, examples of current methods of magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) guided photodynamic therapy are presented. Recent
development of MRI detectable nanoparticle constructs, magnetic
resonance spectroscopy (MRS) sensors, gadolinium based
photosensitizers and europium singlet oxygen probes are discussed.
In addition, applications of Functional MRI using a blood oxygen
dependent level (BOLD) MRI in monitoring photodynamic action are
addressed, with the goal of informing researchers about the
potential for using MRI guided photodynamic therapy and oxygen
dosimetry. The applications of MRI within the sphere of pharmacy
are analyzed; in particular, the use of MRI to track
pharmaceuticals in vitro and in vivo noninvasively and monitoring
their controlled-release. Functional MRI for noninvasive clinical
brain imaging is explored as it is applied to studies of autism,
schizophrenia, epilepsy Alzheimers disease, Parkinson's disease,
traumatic brain injury and blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD)
imaging of brain function. An overview of the scope of MRI as a
diagnostic technique in neurology and in neurosurgery is also
provided.
This Guide presents the study of medicinal plants and organic
chemistry, forming a bridge between the biology and chemistry of
medicinal plants by studying complex chemical interactions. The
book consists of 45 chapters, each describing one medicinal plant
with figures. We present species of herbaceous and woody plants
found on various continents and in various habitats, presenting
their various adaptations to the environment. The book contains
information about plants' range, appearance, and biological and
ecological characteristics, and the descriptions are enriched with
surprising curiosities. The book also contains data on the plants'
life spans and flowering periods. Plants used as spices, plants
that have no flowers, forest and meadow plants, and plants with
medicinal and poisonous properties are described. The reader will
learn about the properties of medicinal plants characteristic for
each season. This book shows the beauty of plants used in medicine,
with their richness of shape, colour and fragrance.
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