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A Guide to the World of the Yeasts J. F. T. Spencer and D. M.
Spencert As the well-known authority on yeasts, the late Professor
Rose, frequently pointed out, it is impossible for one person to
present, in a single volume, the details of the life, composiotion,
habitats, relationships, and actual and potential uses to man kind
of the 500 (at last count) known species of yeasts. This book
confirms the truth of this statement. However, our aim is actually
more modest than that, and this book is an attempt to introduce the
general reader, and possibly some inter ested specialists, to the
lives of the yeasts in their natural and more artificial habitats,
their use by human beings, and to give some idea of the wonderfully
complex activities within the yeast cell, the characteristics of
the metabolism and molecular biology of yeasts, and the
applications of these characteristics to life in the
present-dayworld ofhuman existence. The book proceeds from a brief
chapter on what is and is not known of the origins and early
history of the yeasts, through a description of their
classification, relationships, habitats and general life style,
their external morphology and internal structures and mechanisms
within their cells, the regulatory mechanisms controlling processes
such as signal transmis sion, mating, cell fusion, and many
others."
A Guide to the World of the Yeasts J. F. T. Spencer and D. M.
Spencert As the well-known authority on yeasts, the late Professor
Rose, frequently pointed out, it is impossible for one person to
present, in a single volume, the details of the life, composiotion,
habitats, relationships, and actual and potential uses to man kind
of the 500 (at last count) known species of yeasts. This book
confirms the truth of this statement. However, our aim is actually
more modest than that, and this book is an attempt to introduce the
general reader, and possibly some inter ested specialists, to the
lives of the yeasts in their natural and more artificial habitats,
their use by human beings, and to give some idea of the wonderfully
complex activities within the yeast cell, the characteristics of
the metabolism and molecular biology of yeasts, and the
applications of these characteristics to life in the
present-dayworld ofhuman existence. The book proceeds from a brief
chapter on what is and is not known of the origins and early
history of the yeasts, through a description of their
classification, relationships, habitats and general life style,
their external morphology and internal structures and mechanisms
within their cells, the regulatory mechanisms controlling processes
such as signal transmis sion, mating, cell fusion, and many
others."
The manual consists of two main sections. The first includes the
essential, sometimes laborious, procedures for handling yeasts, for
inducing mating and isolation of hybrids, for inducing sporulation
and isolation of single-spore clones, with some details of tetrad
analysis, and including techniques and ancillary equipment for use
of the micromanipulator. There are also proce dures for induction
of mutants by physical and chemical agents, and for iso lation of
particular types of mutants, such as to temperature sensitivity,
for increased frequency of mutations, for mutations in the
mitochondrial genome, both to the petite colonie form and to
resistance to antibiotics, for mutations in that part of the yeast
genome controlling the glycolytic cycle, and numerous others.
Mapping of mutations is discussed briefly, though this aspect of
yeast genetics is probably one which should not be undertaken until
the investigator has gained a certain amount of experience in the
field. How ever, as is pointed out in the pertinent part of the
manual, the task of mapping has been tremendouslysimplified by the
availability from the Yeast Genetics Stock Center at the University
of California at Berkeley of a set of auxo trophic strains designed
to permit mapping of most unknown genes with a minimum number of
crosses and tetrad analyses. The first section concludes with the
description of methods for hybridization of yeasts by protoplast
fusion, which has been described as the poor man's system for
genetic engineering."
A great deal can be learned about a given civilization through its
literature. The living image of a people-acting and thinking, of
themselves. and of the world as they see it-can only be apprehended
by the creative productions of a nation's best minds. Thus students
of Indian civilization and culture who cannot afford to overlook
its literature will find in this book a way to approach the Indian
spirit through the work of Indian authors. Fiction in India,
particularly the novel, is a product of Western influences. As a
literary form, the novel, with its emphasis on character analysis
and related plot, is not native to the Indian temperament.
Nevertheless, during the last fifty years, India has produced a
wealth of fine fiction : novels and short stories, sketches and
satires. In this book, Dorothy M. Spencer has selected and
annotated some three hundred items for the ethnographical and
cultural material they can be made to yield. English translations,
works written directly in English, and translations from the
various regional dialects have been included-on the whole a rather
sweeping cross-section of Indian literary creativity. With the aid
of Spencer's notes, the student can decide which of the works deal
with specific attitudes and values that are of interest to him. The
sociologist interested in institutions and interpersonal relations,
in the beliefs and ideas regarding the Indian character held by the
people themselves, the philosopher concerned with the Indian
world-view, the anthropologist, and the political scientist will
find an abundance of material in these pages to heighten his
appreciation of Indian culture. The attitudes toward social
institutions and fixed relationships, the family, the place of
women as mothers and sisters, the caste-system-all the intricacies
of a civilization's development can be revealed to the perceptive
student. Naturally enough, fiction in India has also dealt with
political and social themes. In this connection, autobiographies
and propagandistic or moralistic novels are most useful. Both have
been included in this bibliography, as well as historical novels, a
genre which, though it has recently fallen into disfavor, is one of
the most fruitful sources for an investigation of the Indian past.
More than a comprehensive guide to Indian fiction and
autobiography, this volume is also a fine introduction to Indian
culture, suggesting and developing directions which a study of
India may take. It will be helpful and important to all scholars in
the humanities and social sciences who are concerned with
understanding the people and way of life of an ancient land that
has recently taken great strides into the modern era.
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